Head with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth and
divergent. Tibiae wholly black, and ANT black beyond basal part of ANT III.
SIPH tapering from a broad base, mainly pale becoming gradually darker
towards apices; 1.4-1.6 × cauda, which is pale or dusky
Head posterioventrally with a pair of scabrous tubercles placed on
either side of clypeus. SIPH dusky to dark, evidently clavate. (Al. with
dark-bordered forewing veins and sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 37-65, IV 10-40,
V 0-9)
…..2
–
Head without posterioventral tubercles. SIPH
tapering and dusky, or clavate and pale, (Al. with forewing veins not
dark-bordered and sec. rhin. distributed ANT III 6-19, IV and V 0)
…..3
2
R IV+V 0.10-0.13 mm long, 1.3-1.5 × HT II, and
usually bearing only 2 accessory hairs
…..Hyalomyzus
collinsoniae
–
R IV+V 0.13-0.15 mm long, 1.8-1.9 × HT II, and
bearing 6 or more accessory hairs
…..Hyalomyzus
orphnophlebos
3
SIPH slightly
clavate. ANT PT/BASE (2.8-)3.1-4.5. Dorsal
abdomen without dark intersegmental markings
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH tapering with a slight “S”-curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with a
pattern of dark intersegmental markings
ANT III narrowed at base, bearing slightly capitate hairs which are
maximally 1.0-1.5 × BD III, and 2-30 rhinaria on basal half. R IV+V 1.8-2.0 ×
HT II, with c. 20 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 4-4-4 hairs. SIPH without subapical
reticulation, 1.1-1.5 × cauda, which bears 5 hairs
…..Nasonovia
collomiae
–
ANT III not narrowed at base, bearing blunt or pointed
hairs maximally 0.8-0.95 × BD III, and about 3 rhinaria near base. R IV+V
c.1.2 × HT II, with c. 9 accessory hairs. first tarsal segments with 3-3-3
hairs. SIPH with subapical reticulation, c.2 × cauda which bears c. 11 hairs
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes of only 3 facets. SIPH absent. Dorsal
wax pore plates present on all segments
…..Patchiella
reaumuri
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifacetted. SIPH
present. No dorsal wax pore plates
…..2
2
SIPH pale on basal half and dark on distal half, and usually slightly
swollen subapically. SIPH and femora covered with irregular, transverse rows
of spicules. (Alata with dark-bordered wing veins, and forewing with radius
and costa fused for part of lengths to form a closed
cell behind the pterostigma)
…..Pentalonia caladii
–
SIPH either mainly pale or mainly dark; tapering, cylindrical,
clavate, or flared apically. SIPH and femora smooth or imbricated, not markedly
spiculose. (Alata with normal wing venation, veins not dark-bordered)
…..3
3
Head spiculose with low, scabrous, divergent ANT tubercles. R IV+V
1.5-1.9 × HT II. SIPH 3.2-3.7 × cauda, strongly imbricated, cylindrical with
somewhat flared apices. Dorsal cuticle with spiculose reticulation
…..Hydronaphis colocasiae*
–
Without
that combination of characters
…..4
4
SIPH black, 1.6-2.3 × cauda which bears 5-9 hairs. ANT PT/BASE
3.2-5.7. ABD TERG 8 with (5-) 6-16 hairs that are 88-150 μm long
Apart from a few polyphagous species, the known
aphid fauna of Combretaceae and Burseraceae consists entirely of members of
the genus Paoliella. Species of Paoliella are specific at least
at the level of host genera (Combretum, Commiphora, Terminalia),
with 9 known from Combretum. Three of these are only known as alate
morphs, and one only from a single aptera, so apterae and alatae are keyed
separately
SIPH
conspicuous, longer than their basal width. Dorsal processes absent. Cauda
tongue-shaped or finger-like (sometimes with a mid-way constriction), without
a knobbed apex.
Anal plate entire
SIPH not longer than basal width,
inconspicuous except when pigmented. Cauda with an apical knob, anal plate
bilobed. Often with conspicuous dorsal processes
…..2
2
Apterous viviparous females (and
intermediates)
…..3
–
Alate viviparous females (aptera in
several cases unknown)
…..6
3
Dorsal processes maximally about 5 × their
middle diameter, cylindrical or club-shaped, with apex about as wide as base
(fig. 40A)
…..Paoliella
papillata
–
Dorsal processes very much longer, broad
at base and tapering to much narrower apex
…..4
4
Spinal and pleural processes absent (although the long marginal processes on ABD TERG 2 are displaced pleurally)
…..Paoliella laxutuberculata
–
Long spinal, pleural and marginal
processes present
…..5
5
ABD TERG 8
with two separate short finger-like processes. Knob of cauda clearly longer
than its greatest width. First tarsal segments usually with 5-6 ventral hairs
…..Paoliella wettsteini
–
ABD TERG 8 with a median shallow
protrusion bearing two hairs. Knob of cauda as wide as long. First tarsal
segments usually with 2-3 ventral hairs
…..Paoliella
browni
6
Tip of forewing
with a large dark spot, in addition to the dark spot at the end of Cu1b. ANT
PT/BASE more than 2.5
…..7
–
Tip of
forewing without a dark spot, although such a spot often present at the end
of Cu1b. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.0
…..8
7
R IV+V shorter than HT II
…..Paoliella
nachensis
–
R IV+V
longer than HT II
…..Paoliella
namaachae
8
Fore femora
similar in size and thickness to mid and hind femora. Antenna 5-segmented
…..9
–
Fore
femora much enlarged in comparison to mid and hind femora. Antenna
6-segmented (antenna of P. longirostris not seen)
…..10
9
ANT PT/BASE 0.54-0.73. R IV+V 0.70-0.82 ×
HT II
…..Paoliella
monotuberculata
–
ANT
PT/BASE 0.31-0.55. R IV+V 0.82-0.96 × HT II
…..Paoliella browni ssp. capinganae
10
Spinal processes absent
…..Paoliella
laxutuberculata
–
Spinal processes present
…..11
11
Head, pterothorax, siphunculi and dorsal
and marginal processes all pale. No pigmented dorsal abdominal sclerites
…..Paoliella
wettsteini
–
Head,
pterothorax, siphunculi and at least the bases of the marginal processes
dusky to dark.
Dark dorsal abdominal sclerites often present
…..12
12
Dorsal processes almost cylindrical for
most of length, or club-shaped, with broadly rounded apices (fig. 40B). R
IV+V a little longer than (1.05-1.15 ×) HT II
…..Paoliella
papillata
–
Dorsal processes
tapering, conical or finger-like. R IV+V either shorter than or much longer
than HT II
…..13
13
Femora dark. R IV+V shorter than HT II.
Spinal processes pigmented; those on ABD TERG 1 less than 3 × their basal
widths (fig.
40C), and at least those on ABD TERG 3 and
4 have transverse sclerotic bars uniting their bases
…..Paoliella
chiangae
–
Femora
pale. R IV+V at least twice as long as HT II. Spinal processes pale, with
basal sclerites pale or only weakly pigmented; spinal processes on ABD TERG 1
c.4 × their
basal widths (fig.40D)
SIPH not
longer than basal width, inconspicuous except when pigmented. Cauda with apical
knob, anal plate bilobed. Often with conspicuous dorsal processes
…..2
2
Apterous viviparous females (and
intermediates)
…..3
–
Alate viviparous females
…..9
3
Body without dorsal processes. (Alata
unknown)
…..Paoliella lepidosoma
–
Body with conspicuous dorsal processes
…..4
4
Dorsal
processes maximally about 1.5 × their basal widths, with bluntly rounded
apices (e.g. fig. 40E)
…..5
–
Dorsal processes long and tapering, the
longest at least 3 × their basal widths
…..6
5
Dorsal processes without a basal
constriction (fig.
40E). Fore tibiae often on distal part with rounded scent plaques. All
femora pale brown
…..Paoliella
delottoi
–
Dorsal processes conspicuously constricted
at bases. Fore tibiae without scent plaques. Middle and hind femora blackish,
for femora much paler
…..Paoliella
eastopi
6
Dorsal processes tapering towards their
rounded or pointed apices, without a trace of apical swelling (fig. 40G, H)
…..7
–
Dorsal processes cylindrical or
more-or-less expanded at their apices (figs 40I, J)
…..8
7
Pleural processes absent or much reduced;
most segments with only spinal and marginal processes, which are maximally
about as long as ANT III (fig. 40G). R
IV+V about equal in length to HT II
…..Paoliella
ufuasi
–
Pleural processes present on anterior abdominal segments, and of similar length to spinal and marginal processes, which are maximally more than 2 × ANT III (fig. 40H). R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II. (Alata unknown)
…..Paoliella hystrix
8
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-0.9. Dorsal processes
strongly flared at apices (fig.40J), the
longest less than 0.3 × BL
…..Paoliella ayari
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.6. Dorsal processes only
weakly expanded or cylindrical at apices (fig. 40I), the longest of them more
than 0.3 × BL
…..Paoliella echinata
9
ANT PT/BASE
less than 0.6. Fore femora not clearly thicker than mid or hind femora
…..10
–
ANT
PT/BASE at least 0.67. Fore femora
enlarged in comparison with mid and hind femora
…..12
10
Head without processes. ANT III with 9-16
rhinaria. Fore tibiae often on distal part with rounded scent plaques
…..Paoliella delottoi
–
Head with tubercular processes. ANT III
with 4-7 or 18-32 rhinaria. Fore tibiae without scent plaques
…..11
11
ANT III with 18-32 rhinaria, scattered along one side of
segment. Spinal processes on ABD TERG 8 are c. 90 μm long, much longer
than SIPH
….. Paoliella echinata
–
ANT III with 4-7 rhinaria in a row. Spinal processes on ABD TERG 8 are c.35
μm long, not or hardly longer than SIPH
…..Paoliella eastopi
12
Radial sector and media of forewing
bordered with fuscous distally. Pronotum without spinal processes
…..13
–
Radial sector and media not bordered
distally. Pronotum with spinal processes
…..14
13
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Abdomen with
tubercular spinal processes, all less than 2 × their basal widths (fig. 40F)
…..Paoliella
commiphorae
–
ANT
PT/BASE less than 1.5. Abdomen without spinal processes
…..Paoliella
commiphoroides
14
Head and thorax entirely pale. Forewing
vein Cu1b not bordered
…..Paoliella ufuasi
–
Head and thorax dark or with dusky/dark
markings. Forewing vein Cu1b bordered with fuscous
…..15
15
Head and
thorax dark. Mesothoracic dorsal processes dark and heavily spiculose (fig. 40K).
ABD TERG 2-4 with long finger-like spinal processes, those on ABD TERG 5
shorter
…..Paoliella
ayari
–
Head and
pronotum with dark longitudinal stripes. Mesothoracic dorsal processes dusky
and not heavily spiculose. ABD TERG 1-4 all with short spinal processes,
those on ABD TERG 5 being longer
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-2.1. Dorsal
abdomen with variably developed but often extensive dark sclerotisation.
Cauda with 7-18 hairs. Marginal tubercles (MTu) often present on ABD TERG
2-4. Longest hairs on ANT III 20-50 μm
ABD TERG 8 with a
backwardly directed process above cauda
…..2
–
No supracaudal process
…..4
2
SIPH tapering, not at all
clavate
…..Cavariella theobaldi
–
SIPH clavate
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.4
…..Cavariella aegopodii
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.6-4.0
…..Cavariella pastinacae
4
ANT tubercles low or
absent
…..5
–
ANT tubercles well
developed, greatly exceeding height of middle of front of head in dorsal view
…..14
5
SIPH very short, only about 0.5 × cauda, and flangeless
…..Semiaphis coniumi* (or dauci)
–
SIPH more than 0.8 ×
cauda, with a distinct flange
…..6
6
Cauda
helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Spinal tubercles
(STu) present on head and ABD TERG 8, and sometimes on other segments
…..7
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width. STu rare, and
never on head
…..10
7
SIPH
ornamented with close-set rows of spinules; about 1.5 × cauda, which bears
11-16 hairs. STu on all or most of ABD TERG 1-8. R IV+V 0.25-0.37 mm,
1.55-2.2 × HT II
…..Anuraphis subterranea
–
SIPH imbricated, without spinules, about 2 × cauda which bears 4-7 hairs. STu not usually present on ABD TERG 1-5, and often not on 6 or 7. R IV+V 0.14-0.19 mm, 1.05-1.5 × HT II
…..8
8
Most dorsal hairs with
pointed apices; those on head longer than diameter of STu on head between
eyes
…..9
–
Most dorsal hairs short with blunt apices; those on head shorter than diameter of STu
…..10
9
SIPH 0.17-0.29 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III26-58 μm long, 1.25-2.3 × BD III. R IV+V 0.16-0.19 mm
…..Dysaphis lauberti
–
SIPH
0.10-0.17 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III 18-27 μm long,
0.8-1.2(-1.6) × BD III. R IV+V 0.13-0.16 mm
…..Dysaphis foeniculus
10
Ventral
hair on hind trochanter 0.24-0.56 × (rarely more than 0.5 ×) width of
trochantro-femoral suture (see Fig. 1). Longest
spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 is 11-38 μm long (rarely more than 30
μm). ABD TERG 7 frequently with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
Ventral hair on hind
trochanter 0.42-1.00 × (rarely less than 0.5 ×) width of trochantro-femoral
suture. Longest spinal hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80 μm long (rarely less
than 30 μm). ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu
…..Dysaphis crataegi
11
SIPH clavate, 0.9-1.4 × cauda, which bears
5-8 hairs. Prosternum with a dark, approximately trapezoid sclerite
…..12
–
SIPH gradually tapering,
0.8-1.9 × cauda, which bears (7-) 9-24 hairs. Prosternum without a dark
trapezoid sclerite
…..13
12
Prosternal sclerite 1.36-2.6 × wider than
long, often convex posteriorly. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda. (Al. often with sec.
rhin. on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
Prosternal sclerite
2.2-3.6 × wider than long, with straight posterior margin. SIPH 0.85-1.2 ×
cauda. (Al. rarely with sec. rhin. on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis passerinii
13
ANT I dark, but ANT II
pale or dusky, concolorous with basal half of III. Dorsal
abdomen usually without any dark markings anterior to SIPH (except for dark
intersegmental muscle sclerites). ANT III 1.05-1.95 × PT, (1.6-)2.0-4.0
(-5.0) × R IV+V, and 1.5-2.5 (-2.8) × cauda. SIPH 1.2-2.5 (-2.8) × cauda. HT
I with 3 hairs (sense peg present). ABD TERG 8 with 2-11 hairs. (Al. with 14-40
rhinaria on ANT III)
….. Aphis asclepiadis
–
ANT I and II both dark, contrasting with III. Dorsal abdomen usually with
some small dark markings anterior to SIPH (in addition to dark intersegmental
muscle sclerites). ANT III 0.65-1.3 × PT, 1.2-2.6 (-3.0) × R IV+V and 1.2-1.6
(-1.9) × cauda. SIPH 0.7-1.6 × cauda. HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg). ABD
TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs. (Al. with 10-23 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Aphis fabae
14
SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles spiculose or scabrous,
steep-sided or apically convergent, bearing blunt hairs
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles smooth, divergent, bearing
pointed hairs
…..15
15
Longest
hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 µm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of
subgenital plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6
hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 66-106 µm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III.
Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2-11 hairs, usually with 4-8 hairs
Dorsum without dark sclerotisation. ANT tubercles
well developed. SIPH pale, 1.7-2.5 × cauda
…..2
–
Dorsum with segmental dark markings. ANT
tubercles weakly developed. SIPH dark, 0.8-1.6 × cauda
…..3
2
Head spiculose, with scabrous antennal tubercles
that are apically convergent. SIPH weakly clavate, without subapical
polygonal reticulation
…..Myzus
persicae
–
Head with smooth antennal tubercles, their inner
faces divergent. SIPH tapering/cylindrical with subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
3
Dorsum withbroad dark segmentally-separated cross-bands and large dark marginal
sclerites. SIPH broad-based, 1.4-1.6 × cauda
…..Lipaphis
rossi ssp. coringiae
–
Dorsum with smaller spino-pleural sclerites separated in midline except on posterior tergites, and no dark marginal sclerites. SIPH not broad-based, 0.8-1.0 × cauda
ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7
with marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH dark, cauda pale or dusky, rarely dark
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1
and 7 without MTu. SIPH and cauda variously pigmented, pale or dark
…..2
2
Head almost smooth, without any spinules,
with inner faces of ANT tubercles
divergent
…..3
–
Head spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles
parallel or convergent
…..6
3
SIPH without polygonal reticulation. Median
frontal tubercle developed, so that front of head has W-shaped outline in
dorsal view
…..Metopolophium
dirhodum
–
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation (several rows of closed cells). Median frontal tubercle not
developed, so that head has U- or V-shaped frontal sinus in dorsal view
…..4
4
Head, antennae, legs, SIPH and cauda all dark
…..Macrosiphum
pechumani
–
Head and all appendages pale, or dusky only
at apices
…..5
5
SIPH swollen proximal to reticulated zone, to 1.2-1.4 minimal diameter of basal half. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. First tarsal segments each with 5 hairs
…..Illinoia wahnaga
–
SIPH not swollen. Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0
× BD III. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
6
Dorsal thorax and abdomen with a distinctive and
extensive pattern of dark markings. SIPH wholly dark, or dark at bases and
apices
…..7
–
Dorsum without extensive dark markings. SIPH pale
except at apices
…..8
7
SIPH wholly dark, cauda pale. Dorsal
abdomen with paired dark patches, sometimes partially fused across midline,
but not extending laterally to join marginal sclerites
…..Aulacorthum
watanabei
–
SIPH dark at bases and apices, but middle
section pale; cauda dusky or dark. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation
across ABD TERG 2-4, fused with marginal sclerites
…..Aulacorthum speyeri
8
SIPH tapering gradually from base to flange. ANT
III usually with 1-2 small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum
solani
–
SIPH
slightly to moderately clavate. ANT III never with rhinaria
…..9
9
SIPH clearly shorter than ANT III, with a narrow
stem that is a little thinner at its narrowest point than hind tibia at
midlength. Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view
…..Myzus
ascalonicus
–
SIPH as long as or longer than ANT III,
with basal half at its narrowest point thicker than hind tibia at midlength.
Inner faces of ANT tubercles apically convergent in dorsal view
Antennae 5-segmented. R IV+V very long (0.19-0.22
mm), narrow and pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II
…..Aphis
althaeae
–
Without that combination of characters
…..2
2
SIPH c.0.3 × BL, dark, with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.13-0.16 of length. ANT III with 15-21 rhinaria
extending over 0.70-0.75 of length
…..Uroleucon
uyguricum
–
SIPH (if present) pale or dark, if dark then
without polygonal reticulation. ANT III without or with fewer rhinaria
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE c.0.5. SIPH c.0.8 × cauda
…..Brachyunguis convolvulisucta*
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1, or less than 0.25. SIPH
(if present) longer than cauda
…..4
4
SIPH pale and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibia at their
respective midpoints, and 2.5-3.5 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon gossypii
–
SIPH (if present) pale or dark, thicker than hind
tibia at their respective midpoints, and less than 2.5 × cauda
…..5
5
Hind tibiae with a row of short, peg-like or
spine-like hairs on basal 0.7, clearly differ-entiated from other tibial
hairs, which are usually long and pointed. SIPH cylindrical or tapering and
black, cauda black. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..6
–
Hind tibiae without a row of peg-like “comb”
hairs. SIPH (if present) and cauda pale or dark, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or
without MTu
ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH absent, or present
as pores on low hairy cones
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH tubular
…..3
2
Hind tarsi very elongate, more than 0.5 ×
hind tibiae. SIPH present as pores on hairy cones. Dorsum with pattern of
dark sclerotisation. Cauda and anal plate not protrusive
…..Protrama sp.(longitarsus ssp. sclerodensus?)
–
Hind tarsus of normal length. SIPH absent. Dorsum
without dark sclerotisation. Cauda and anal plate forming a protrusion at end
of abdomen
…..Prociphilus
erigeronensis
3
SIPH with subapical reticulation (at least 2-3
rows of closed polygonal cells)
…..4
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation
…..19
4
SIPH entirely dark
…..5
–
SIPH pale or with a pale basal section
…..13
5
Dorsum with an extensive dark shield,
continuous over ABD TERG 1-6. ANT III with 1-7 rhinaria. SIPH with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.12-0.19 of length
…..Sitobion
autriquei
–
Dorsum without extensive dark
sclerotisation, at most with scleroites at base of hairs. ANT III with 8-97
rhinaria. SIPH with polygonal reticulation extending over distal 0.19-0.4 of
length
SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda, with distal 0.19-0.23
reticulated. Cauda with 11-14 (-17) hairs
…..Uroleucon simile
–
SIPH 1.7-2.3 × cauda, with distal 0.20-0.35
(mostly at least 0.25) reticulated. Cauda with 13-20 hairs
…..Uroleucon
compositae
9
SIPH usually at least 1.6 × cauda, which is
0.24-0.35 mm long and bears 7-12 hairs
…..Uroleucon tucumani
–
SIPH usually at most 1.6 × cauda, which is
0.30-0.83 mm long and bears 9-31 hairs
…..10
10
Cauda 0.35-0.47 mm long, and somewhat dusky, not contrastingly
pale in comparison with SIPH and distal parts of hind femora. Scleroites at
bases of dorsal hairs very pale and inconspicuous
…..Uroleucon
bereticum
–
Cauda 0.46-0.85 mm long, and contrastingly
pale compared with SIPH and distal parts of hind femora. Dorsal hairs mostly
arising from small dusky or dark scleroites
…..11
11
R IV+V very long, 1.45-1.85 × HT II
…..Uroleucon
picridis
–
R IV+V 0.90-1.43 × HT II
…..12
12
HT II rather
long and thin, about 6 × its maximum thickness, and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
HT II shorter,
less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.7-0.85 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
13
SIPH dark distally, with pale basal section, and polygonal
reticulation on 0.21-0.45 of length. ANT III with 5-37 rhinaria. Cauda
tapering to a very thin apex, with subapical hairs usually shorter and often
blunter than lateral hairs
…..14
–
SIPH entirely pale, or dusky only towards apices, and reticulation on
distal 0.03-0.20. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. Cauda tapering or finger-like,
not very thin at apex, with any subapical hairs similar to lateral hairs
…..18
14
SIPH 1.9-2.5 × cauda. MTu absent from ABD TERG 1-5
…..15
–
SIPH
1.1-1.7 × cauda. MTu usually present on some of ABD TERG 1-5
…..16
15
ANT
III with 15-25 rhinaria extending over 0.6-0.8 of length. R IV+V with 12-17
accessory hairs
…..Uroleucon
remaudiereorum*
–
ANT
III with 8-20 rhinaria not extending beyond basal 0.6 of length. R IV+V with
6-9 accessory hairs
…..Uroelucon
erigeronense
16
Second tarsal segments with proximal
ventral hairs atrophied. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II
…..Uroleucon gravicorne
–
Second tarsal segments with proximal ventral hairs fully developed. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II
…..17
17
SIPH 1.9-2.1 × cauda and reticulated over
distal 0.28-0.32, the length of the reticulated section being 1.7-1.9 × HT
II. Diameter of secondary rhinaria about half diameter of ANT III, and thin-walled,
with a lumen more than half their outer diameter
…..Uroleucon sp.,
(Michigan, USA, BMNH collection)
–
SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda and reticulated over
distal 0.15-0.35, the length of the reticulated section being 0.65-1.2 × HT
II. Secondary rhinaria smaller, 0.25-0.4 × diameter of ANT III, and
thick-walled, with a lumen about half their outer diameter
…..Uroleucon
macgillivrayae
18
Hairs on ANT III very short
and inconspicuous, the longest about 0.33 × BD III. SIPH clearly somewhat
swollen proximal to reticulated subapical zone, which is only 0.03-0.05 of
total length of SIPH (Fig.49a)
…..Illinoia goldamaryae
–
Hairs
on ANT III conspicuous, the longest 0.5 × BD III or longer. SIPH cylindrical
or very slightly swollen proximal to reticulated subapical zone, which is
0.13-0.2 of its total length
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
19
Spiracular pores on thorax very large and rounded,
more than 4 × larger than those on abdomen
…..20
–
Spiracular pores on thorax not distinctly larger
than those on abdomen
…..21
20
R IV+V 0.16-0.19 mm long, 1.2-1.6 × HT II,
and bearing 8-12 accessory hairs
…..Nasonovia
ribisnigri
–
R IV+V 0.21-0.33 mm long, about 2 × HT II,
and bearing 22-30 accessory hairs
…..Nasonovia
rostrata
21
Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width, with 4-25 hairs, but if more 10 then PT/BASE 4.6-8.1. SIPH smooth. Spiracular pores rounded or faintly reniform.
…..22
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, or if short then bluntly triangular and with more than 10 hairs then PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. SIPH imbricated. Spiracular apertures reniform.
…..23
22
ANT 0.7-0.9 × BL, with PT/BASE 4.6-8.1. SIPH long and dark, 0.23-0.29 × BL and 5.9-8.1 × cauda
…..Allocotaphis multisetosa
–
ANT 0.4-0.7 × BL, with PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. SIPH truncate, pale, 0.07-0.1 × BL and 1.1-1.3 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
23
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal
tubercles (MTu)
…..24
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1
and 7 without MTu
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black sclerite centred on ABD
TERG 4-5. Cauda black like SIPH, tongue-shaped, rather pointed and bearing
4-7 hairs
…..Aphis
craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings, but without an extensive
solid black sclerite. Cauda pale or
dark, but if black then usually with more than 7 hairs
…..25
25
ANT with secondary rhinaria on III-V, and usually also on VI
(distributed III (5-)13-30, IV 7-21,
V 3-18, VI 0-7)
…..Aphis
erigerontis
–
ANT III and IV without or
with fewer secondary rhinaria, and none on V or VI
…..26
26
SIPH mainly pale or dusky, only dark towards apices
…..Aphis
nasturtii
–
SIPH uniformly dark
…..27
27
Cauda bearing 4-7 hairs and much paler than SIPH
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
Cauda bearing 7-25 hairs, and black like SIPH
…..28
28
Tibiae wholly dark. ANT III and IV usually with
rhinaria. ABD TERG 8 with 5-10 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.9
.…..Aphis
lugentis
–
Tibiae mainly pale, darker at apices. ANT III and
IV with or without rhinaria. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-3.7
…..29
29
ANT III and IV often with rhinaria. Cauda bluntly
triangular, about as long as its basal width, shorter than R IV+V
…..Protaphis
middletonii
–
ANT III and IV without rhinaria. Cauda
tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width, 1.5-2.5 × R IV+V
…..30
30
ANT III 0.9-1.2 × cauda, which usually has a
distinct midlength constriction and bears 6-15 (usually 9-11) hairs. Dorsal
abdomen without any dark markings
…..Aphis
spiraecola
–
ANT III 1.2-1.9 × cauda which is usually
without any constriction and bears 11-24 hairs. Dorsal abdomen usually with
scattered dark markings anterior to SIPH and dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7
and 8
?Staegeriella sp. (Tasmania: BMNH collection and Tasmania Department of Agriculture)
Key to apterae on Coprosma:-
1
Head smooth, with ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT
PT only 0.9-1.1 × ANT V, and PT/BASE 1.3-1.5. (Al. with 0-1 rhinaria on ANT
III)
…..Aphis
coprosmae
–
Without that combination of characters
…..2
2
Head smooth, with ANT tubercles weakly
developed.SIPH dark, clavate,
c.1.0-1.2 × the long, dark, finger-like cauda. SIPH c.0.15 × BL, and c.0.4 ×
ANT PT. PT/BASE c.3.6
…..?Staegeriella sp. (Tasmania, BMNH collection, leg. M Williams)
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Eyes of
only 3 facets
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH present, tubular.
Eyes multifaceted
…..3
2
R IV without accesssory hairs. HT II with
only 4 accessory hairs. Hind tibiae and HT I with short thick distal hairs
c.0.3 × diameter of tibia and much shorter than HT I
…..Pemphigus sp.
–
R IV with 2 accessory hairs. HT II with
8-15 accessory hairs. Hind tibiae and HT I with fine distal hairs more than
0.5 × diameter of tibia and as long as or longer than HT I
…..Geopemphigus sp.
3
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. ANT tubercles well developed, smooth, divergent. ANT III with
rhinaria
…..4
–
SIPH without subapical reticulation. ANT tubercles
weakly developed, or if well developed then head spiculose. ANT III with or
without rhinaria
…..7
4
SIPH pale, with reticulation on distal
0.1-0.2 of length. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
–
SIPH black, with reticulation on more than 0.2 of
length. ANT III with 8-37 rhinaria
…..5
5
SIPH 1.7-2.3 × cauda, which is dark
…..Uroleucon
compositae
–
SIPH maximally 1.5 × cauda, which is pale
or dusky
…..6
6
Tibiae uniformly black
…..Uroleucon
reynoldense
–
Tibiae with paler section on basal half
…..Uroleucon
ambrosiae
7
Head spiculose with well-developed,
steep-sided or apically convergent ANT tubercles. SIPH pale or dark. ABD TERG
1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
Head without spicules, ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..8
8
SIPH 0.24-0.40 × BL, about twice
as long as the much paler cauda. Head,
ANT I, II and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of ANT.
Longest hair on ANT III less than 0.4 × BD III
..….Aphis coreopsidis
–
SIPH
less than 0.2 × BL. Cauda black. Head dusky and ANT I-II dark, ANT III-V
mainly pale, VI darker. Longest hair on ANT III 0.8-3.4 × BD III
ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly directed process above cauda
…..2
–
No supracaudal process
…..3
2
SIPH tapering, not at all
clavate. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.5
…..Cavariella theobaldi
–
SIPH clavate. ANT PT/BASE
0.9-1.4
…..Cavariella aegopodii
3
SIPH
very small and flangeless, only about 0.5 of length of cauda or less, with
aperture slanted towards midline
…..Semiaphis
heraclei
–
SIPH at least 0.6 of length of cauda, and
with a distinct flange
…..4
4
SIPH cylindrical and with polygonal
reticulation over distal 0.09-0.17 of length. Cauda with 11-21 hairs. Subgenital
plate with 2-11 (usually 4-7) hairs on anterior half
…..Macrosiphum
gei
–
SIPH without distal polygonal reticulation and/or
cauda and anterior half of subgenital plate with fewer hairs
…..5
5
SIPH 0.6-1.4 × cauda, slightly swollen
distally, with a constriction proximal to the flange
…..6
–
SIPH
tapering, cylindrical or clavate; if swollen distally then more than 1.5 ×
cauda and without a constriction proximal to flange
Cornus is
the primary host of the genus Anoecia, and the primary or only host of
seven species of Aphis. In both these genera some species are
difficult to separate, and identifications made with the following key need
to be treated with caution. The North American Cornus-feeding species
of the genus Aphis were reviewed by Robinson & Chen (1969). For Anoecia
only the alatae (i.e., the spring migrant fundatrigeniae leaving Cornus
in spring, and the sexuparae returning to it in autumn) are keyed, as in
several species the only apterous morphs on Cornus are the fundatrix
in spring and the sexuales in autumn.
Key to aphids
on Cornus(cannot be applied
to fundatrices or sexual morphs):-
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.0 or more
…..14
2
Well-developed wax pore plates present on
head, thorax and abdomen. SIPH pores absent. BL of adult aptera more than 3
mm, and dorsum pale. Forewing of alata with unbranched media and pterostigma
much longer than wide
…..Prociphilus
cornifoliae
–
Wax pore plates not developed. SIPH
present as pores on low hairy cones (fig. 41A). BL
of adult aptera less than 3mm, and dorsum dark or at least with dark
cross-bands. Forewing of alata with once-branched media and short, wide,
black pterostigma. (Only spring and autumn migrant alatae are keyed to
species)
…..3
3
Large,
flat, round marginal tubercles situated near spiracles on ABD TERG 1-7,
including 5 and 6 (anterioventral and posterioventral to SIPH, dorsal to
spiracles; arrowed in fig. 41A),
although sometimes reduced in size, and occasionally missing on one or more
segments
…..4
–
Large, flat, round marginal tubercles on
ABD TERG 1-4 and 7, but usually absent from 5 and always absent from 6
…..7
4
Alata without a large dark dorsal
abdominal patch
…..spring
migrant of Anoecia vagans
–
Alata with a large dark dorsal abdominal
patch
…..5
5
Alata usually without secondary rhinaria
on ANT V, and never on VI. ABD TERG 3-5 often with one or more short
spatulate hairs
…..autumn
migrant of Anoecia vagans
–
Alata with 1-4 secondary rhinaria on ANT
V, and 0-2 on ANT VI. ABD TERG 3-5 with only acute hairs
…..6
6
ANT III of alata with 9-17 rhinaria. R IV+V usually less than 0.9 × HT II
…..Anoecia corni
–
ANT III
of alata with 13-22 rhinaria. R IV+V usually more than 0.9 × HT II
…..Anoecia major
7
Alata with
0-3, often small, secondary rhinaria on ANT III, and without a solid dark
dorsal abdominal patch (but often in autumn with cross bands on ABD TERG 4-6)
…..Anoecia oenotherae
–
Alata with 4 or more, usually large,
secondary rhinaria on ANT III, and with a solid dark patch on ABD TERG 4-6
(except spring migrant of A. cornicola?)
…..8
8
Alata
with all hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 small, similar in size to those on ABD TERG
4-6
…..Anoecia cornicola
–
Alata
with hairs on at least ABD TERG 1 and 2 mostly long and fine, often more than twice as long as those on the dark
patch on ABD TERG 4-6
…..9
9
R IV+V with 16-24 accessory hairs
…..Anoecia tanakai (autumn migrant sexupara)*
–
R IV+V with 6-12 accessory hairs (spring migrant
alatae)
…..10
10
R
IV+V 0.16-0.18 mm long, with 10-12 accessory hairs. Marginal tubercles very
large, those on ABD TERG 7 about twice the diameter of the SIPH aperture
…..Anoecia takahashii (spring migrant)
–
R IV+V 0.12-0.17 mm long,
with 5-8 accessory hairs. Marginal tubercles usually smaller, those on ABD
TERG 7 less than twice diameter of SIPH aperture
…..11
11
Hairs on dorsal
abdominal patch maximally 18-30 μm long. R IV+V 0.14-0.17 mm long
…..Anoecia japonica*(spring migrants)
–
Hairs
on dorsal abdominal patch maximally 32-90 μm long. R IV+V 0.11-0.13 mm
long
…..13
13
Hairs
on dorsal abdominal patch maximally 32-47 μm long
Hairs
on dorsal abdominal patch maximally 73-91 μm long
…..Anoecia fulviabdominalis ssp. similis (spring migrant)*
14
SIPH very small, papillate. Marginal
tubercles well developed, longer than wide, of similar size on all of ABD
TERG 1-7 (fig.
41B)
…..Pseudasiphonaphis corni
–
SIPH tubular, tapering or cylindrical.
Marginal tubercles absent or weakly developed on ABD TERG 2-6; if present
then smaller than on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..15
15
Antennal tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped
…..16
–
Antennal tubercles well developed
…..27
16
Hairs on ANT
III more than 2 × longer than basal diameter of segment. SIPH clearly shorter
than cauda. Closely-spaced spinulose ridges present on ABD sternites 5 and 6
…..Aphis
odinae
–
Hairs on ANT III less than 2 × longer
than basal diameter of segment. SIPH usually as long as or longer than cauda.
No evident spinulose ridges on ABD sternites 5 and 6
…..17
17
Hairs on ANT
III short, maximally 35 µm, shorter than or about equal to middle diameter of segment
…..18
–
Hairs on ANT III long, maximally 35-75
µm, all or most clearly exceeding middle diameter of segment
…..23
18
Marginal
tubercles present on prothorax and on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7; those
on prothorax, 1 and 7 being exceptionally large and broad-based (fig. 41C)
…..Aphis caliginosa
–
Marginal
tubercles usually present only on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7, and these are not
unusually large
…..19
19
Cauda finger-like, with a slight
constriction basad of midpoint, the distal part elongate oval (fig. 121T)
…..Aphis spiraecola
–
Cauda tongue-shaped or bluntly
triangular, without elongate oval distal part
…..20
20
Aptera with
ANT III usually more than 1.3 × PT (except in very small specimens). Alata
with 15-36 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, and usually none (sometimes 1-2) on
ANT IV
…..Aphis asclepiadis
–
Aptera
with ANT III usually less than 1.3 × PT. Alata with 3-17 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, and 0-10 on ANT IV
…..21
21
Hind femora pale (aptera) or pale on basal third (alata);
SIPH dark, cauda pale or dusky. SIPH tapering and usually rather straight
…..Aphis gossypii
–
SIPH and cauda all uniformly dark, hind
femora dark or only pale near base. SIPH tapering or cylindrical, and often
curved outwards
…..22
22
SIPH1.2-2.0 ×
cauda, hardly broader at base than at apex (fig. 41D). Longest hairs on ANT III are 7-16μm. Presiphuncular sclerites absent
…..Aphis cornifoliae
–
SIPH0.9-1.6 × cauda, and much broader at base than at apex. Hairs on ANT III
maximally 4-13μm.
Presiphuncular sclerites present
…..Aphis impatientis
23
Tibiae of cleared specimens uniformly dark
…..Aphis nigratibialis
–
Tibiae
of cleared specimens pale, or dark only apically
…..24
24
SIPH long,
about 0.25 of BL. Aptera with 15-22 secondary rhinaria on ANT III
…..Aphis
maculatae
–
SIPH much less than 0.25 of BL. ANT III
of aptera usually without secondary rhinaria (rarely 1-4)
…..25
25
Cauda with 11-27 hairs. Dorsal hairs on ABD
TERG 1-6 usually less than 40 µm long. SIPH usually rather straight (fig. 121R)
…..Aphis fabae
–
Cauda with 6-11 hairs. Dorsal hairs on ABD
TERG 1-6 usually long, more than 40 µm. SIPH often curved outwards distally (figs 41E, F)
…..26
26
ABD TERG 8 with 3-6 hairs. SIPH of aptera
about 5 × longer than their width at base (fig. 41E). Alata without dark
dorsal markings on ABD TERG 1-6
…..Aphis neogillettei
–
ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs. SIPH of
aptera only 2-3 × longer than their width at base (fig. 41F). Alata with dark
bars or sclerotic patches on ABD TERG 1-6
…..Aphis
salicariae
27
Antennal tubercles with inner faces
divergent in dorsal view (fig. 42K).
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..28
–
Antennal tubercles with inner faces
parallel or convergent in dorsal view (figs 42I, J). SIPH without subapical
polygonal reticulation
…..31
28
Cauda long and finger-like, 0.14-0.2 of BL.
Hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 of middle diameter of segment
…..29
–
Cauda
short, about 0.1 of BL. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 of middle diameter of segment
…..30
29
SIPH
1.5-2.1 × cauda and reticulated over distal 13-25%. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH
2.3-2.5 × cauda and reticulated over distal 6-11%. R IV+V 1.05-1.20 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum hamiltoni
30
ANT BASE VI
less than 0.2 mm, much shorter than ANT I + II measured together
…..Macrosiphum manitobense
–
ANT BASE
VI about 0.3 mm, as long as ANT I + II measured together
…..Macrosiphum cornifoliae
31
Antennal tubercles with inner faces
approximately parallel in dorsal view (fig. 42J). ANT
III of aptera usually with a single rhinarium near base. SIPH straight,
tapering from base to flange (fig. 121K)
…..Aulacorthum
solani
–
Antennal
tubercles with inner faces convergent in dorsal view (fig. 42I). ANT III of
aptera never with any rhinaria. SIPH tapering with a slight S-curve, or
slightly swollen on distal
half
…..32
32
ANT PT/BASE less than 2.5. Aptera with a
dorsal intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation (fig. 121J).
SIPH coarsely imbricated, with a slight S-curve. Alata with dark transverse
bands on dorsal abdomen
…..Myzus ornatus
–
ANT
PT/BASE more than 3.0. Aptera without any clear dorsal markings. SIPH
slightly swollen on distal half (fig. 121H). Alata with a solid dark dorsal
patch
R IV+V 0.45-0.55 × HT II. First tarsal
segments with 5 (-6) hairs
…..Pseudocercidis tutigulus
–
R IV+V 0.6-1.7 × HT II. First tarsal segments
with 2-3 hairs
…..3
3
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation (at least 3 rows)
…..4
–
SIPH without any distinct rows of polygonal
reticulation
…..5
4
R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II. ABD TERG 2-4 frequently bearing marginal
tubercles (MTu) as large as or larger than spiracular apertures
…..Macrosiphum dicentrae
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II.
If ABD TERG 2-4 have any MTu then they are usually very small, not much larger
than hair bases
…..Macrosiphum corydalis (or M. euphorbiae)
5
Head spiculose both dorsally and ventrally
with inner faces of ANT tubercles well-developed and steep-sided, almost
parallel. ANT III with (0-)1-3 small rhinaria near base. SIPH cylindrical for
most of length, pale except at apices, with a well-developed apical flange
…..6
–
Without that combination of characters; if head
is spiculosethenSIPH are clavate or ANT III is
without any rhinaria, or both
This is a revised
version of the key given by Blackman & Eastop (2000).
1
Head with a transverse black band
ventrally between the eyes
…..Betacallis
alnicolens
–
Head without a transverse ventral black
band
…..2
2
Cauda knobbed,
anal plate bilobed. SIPH as small, truncate cones. (Adult viviparae usually
or always alate)
…..3
–
Cauda finger-shaped, anal plate entire.
SIPH long and tubular, with subapical polygonal reticulation. (Adult
viviparae usually mainly apterous)
…..13
3
ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0
…..Myzocallis
coryli
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.1-1.2
…..4
4
Forewings with extensive pattern of dark
markings. PT extremely short, ANT PT/BASE only about 0.1
…..Neochromaphis
coryli
–
Forewings sometimes with pigment along
veins and/or on pterostigma, but without any extensive pigmented areas. ANT
PT/BASE at least 0.2
…..5
5
Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 1-4 long, up to
6 × basal diameter of ANT III, pointed and spine-like, on low tuberculate
bases
…..Pterocallis
heterophylla
–
Spinal hairs on ABD TERG 1-4 all short,
not or hardly exceeding basal diameter of ANT III, or if longer then capitate
…..6
6
ANT PT/BASE 0.2-0.45
…..Pterocallis
montana
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or more
…..7
7
Mesonotum and ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with
a pair of large spinal hair-bearing processes. ANT III with 15-19 secondary
rhinaria
…..Tinocallis (Sappocallis) nikkoensis
–
Mesonotum and ABD TERG 2 and 3 without
or with only very low spinal processes. ANT III with 2-14 secondary rhinaria
…..8
8
Abdominal marginal tubercles each bearing a single small hair. ANT III (of alata) with 7-14 rhinaria
…..9
–
Abdominal marginal tubercles mostly with
2-3 hairs. ANT III with 2-11 rhinaria
…..10
9
Front of
head and ANT III dark. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II. All viviparae alate
…..Mesocallis
pteleae
–
Front of head and ANT III pale. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. Viviparae
apterous or alate
…..Mesocallis
sawashibae
10
ABD TERG 8 with 5-7 hairs. ABD TERG 1-7 with
6-10 spinopleural hairs, the spinal hairs often grouped on paired low
processes
…..Pterocallis
affinis
–
ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs. ABD TERG 1-7
each either with only a single pair of spinal hairs (those on 3, 5 and 7
being displaced laterally), or with 3-6 spinopleural hairs (with or without
separate raised bases)
…..11
11
ANT PT/BASE 0.6-0.7. R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II. ABD
TERG 1-7 each with 3-6 spino-pleural hairs (with or without separate raised
bases), some of which may be of neotenic form (i.e. long with expanded
apices)
…..Mesocallis
(Paratinocallis) yunnanensis
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.1. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. ABD
TERG 1-7 each with only a single pair of spinal hairs (those on 3, 5 and 7
being displaced laterally)
…..12
12
ANT 0.75-0.92 × BL and R IV+V
0.80-1.00 × HT II
…..Mesocallis (Paratinocallis) corylicola
–
ANT 0.60-0.77 × BL and R IV+V
1.00-1.14 × HT II
…..Mesocallis (Paratinocallis) occulta*
13
Dorsal hairs
of aptera long, thick and slightly capitate, arising from large tubercles
…..Corylobium
avellanae
–
Dorsal hairs of aptera shorter, not
capitate, not borne on tubercles
…..14
14
Dorsal
cuticle strongly sclerotised and very wrinkled (although quite pale)
…..Macrosiphum
(Neocorylobium) vandenboschi
–
Dorsal cuticle not sclerotic, smooth
…..15
15
SIPH slightly but distinctly swollen
proximal to reticulated subapical zone
…..16
–
SIPH tapering/cylindrical
…..17
16
R IV+V
bearing 14-16 accessory hairs and 1.4-1.5 × HT II which is 0.10-0.11 mm long
…..Illinoia corylina
–
R IV+V
bearing 6-9 accessory hairs and 1.05-1.25 × HT II which is 0.12-0.15 mm long
…..Illinoia macgillivrayae
17
Hind tibiae
and SIPH of aptera wholly black, cauda dusky to dark
…..Macrosiphum (Neocorylobium) corylicola
–
Hind tibiae of aptera with paler middle
section; SIPH wholly black or pale at bases, cauda pale to dusky
…..18
18
Aptera with
abdominal cuticle usually pigmented marginally, and also dorsally across ABD
TERG 5-7. SIPH wholly black, ABD TERG 8 and cauda contrastingly pale
…..Macrosiphum (Neocorylobium) coryli
–
Aptera with abdomen wholly pale. SIPH
usually paler at base, cauda pale or dusky
…..19
19
R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II and bearing 14-18 accessory
hairs. ANT III with 2-7 rhinaria in a row
…..Macrosiphum
(Neocorylobium) pseudocoryli
–
R
IV+V c. 2 × HT II and bearing 6-8 accessory hairs. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria
near base
ANT tubercles
weakly developed. SIPH 0.24-0.4 × BL, more than 8 × their midlength diameter,
and about 2 × the much paler cauda. Head, ANT I,
II and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of ANT.
Longest hair on ANT III less than 0.4 × BD III
..….Aphis coreopsidis
–
Either ANT tubercles well
developed, or if weakly developed then the other characters do not all apply
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH pale (sometimes dark-tipped) and more than 4 × their
midlength diameter, 1.1-1.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.8. ANT III with 0-15
rhinaria on distal half, and ANT IV with 0-4. RIV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II and
bearing 3-6 accessory hairs
…..Aphis solitaria
–
Either ANT tubercles well
developed, of if weakly developed then the other characters do not all
apply
…..3
3
Dorsum with an extensive
dark sclerotic shield. Cauda short and rounded, not longer than its basal
width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Either dorsum without an extensive dark shield or other characters do not apply
[Eriosoma
phaenax (sexuparae, Pakistan and India)]
Key to apterae on Cotoneaster:-
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH as pores with partly sclerotised rims.
Wax glands present, each consisting of a ring of large facets around a
central area
…..Eriosoma lanigerum
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. SIPH tubular or
as short, truncate cones. Wax glands absent
…..2
2
Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular, as short as or
shorter than its basal width
…..3
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer
than its basal width
…..5
3
SIPH with close-set transverse rows of small
spinules. SIPH less than 2 × their midlength diameter. Abdomen with dark
patch on ABD TERG 3-6
…..Nearctaphis
yohoensis
–
SIPH smooth or with normal imbrication. Either SIPH longer or dorsal abdomen pale
…..4
4
Dorsum pale, membranous.SIPH very short, truncate cones, less than 2 × their midlength
diameter. Cauda pentagonal, with 5 hairs
…..Dysaphis
microsiphon
–
Dorsum dark, sclerotic. SIPH tubular, more
than 3 × their midlength diameter (Fig.24a). Cauda
triangular, pointed, with 6-7 hairs (Fig.24b)
…..Anuromyzus cotoneasteris
5
Front of head with a well-developed scabrous
median tubercle bearing 4 thick, slightly capitate hairs (Fig.24c), and ABD
TERG 8 with a similar hair-bearing process (Fig.24d). SIPH long, smooth and
flangeless (Fig.24e). ANT PT/BASE less than 1.3
…..Aspidophorodon
indica
–
Front of head and ABD TERG 8 without
scabrous processes. SIPH imbricated, with flange. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5
…..6
6
Head spiculose, with well-developed ANT
tubercles, their inner faces parallel or apically convergent
…..7
–
Head almost smooth, with ANT tubercles weakly developed
…..8
7
SIPH slightly clavate. ANT tubercles with inner
faces apically convergent. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Myzus
persicae
–
SIPH tapering, with no trace of distal swelling.
ANT tubercles with inner faces approximately parallel. ANT III usually with
1-2 small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
8
SIPH pale with darker apices; cylindrical
over most of length, and constricted subapically, with large flange. Dorsal
cuticle ornamented with spicules, mostly arranged in polygons
…..Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae
–
SIPH
dark, tapering to a moderate flange. Dorsal cuticle without spicules arranged
in polygons
…..9
9
Cauda paler than SIPH, without any midway
constriction, and bearing 4-8 hairs
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
Cauda as dark as SIPH, often slightly constricted
near its midpoint, and bearing 7-19 hairs
…..10
10
Dorsal abdomen usually with scattered dark
markings anterior to SIPH and dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8. ANT III
1.2-1.9 × cauda which is usually without any constriction and bears 11-24
hairs
…..Aphis
fabae
–
Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. ANT III
0.9-1.2 × cauda, which usually has a distinct midlength constriction and
bears 6-19 hairs
…..11
11
Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-4.
Cauda with 10-19 hairs (rarely less than 13) R IV+V more than 0.13 mm
…..Aphis
pomi
–
MTu absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15
hairs (rarely more than 12). R IV+V less than 0.125 mm
Cauda helmet-shaped, as short as or shorter
than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. SIPH smooth,
conical, with marked subapical annular incision
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal
width. Spiracular apertures reniform. SIPH imbricated, without a marked
subapical incision
…..2
2
SIPH mainly pale (often dusky-tipped). ANT
tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..3
–
SIPH pale or dark, but if pale then ANT tubercles
are well developed and ABD TERG 1 and 7 lack MTu
Antennae
densely hairy; e.g. base of last antennal segment with more than 20 hairs.
SIPH absent
…..2
–
Antennae less
hairy; base of last antennal segment with less than 10 hairs. SIPH present
.…4
2
HT II
greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia
……Trama troglodytes
–
HT II
of normal length
…..3
3
R IV+V very long,
2.5-3.1 × HT II
…..Rectinasus buxtoni
–
R IV+V
0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..Smynthurodes betae
4
Cauda short, conical or helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..5
–
Cauda clearly longer than its basal width
…..12
5
ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.2. SIPH 0.6-1.2 × cauda
…..6
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 2. SIPH 1.0-3.4 × cauda
…..8
6
SIPH conical with broad bases, shorter than
their basal width. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.7
…..Xerobion compositae
–
SIPH tubular, 1.3-2.5 × their basal width. ANT
PT/BASE 0.8-1.2
…..7
7
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 1.2-1.3 × ANT BD
III. SIPH 0.8-1.2 × cauda, almost cylindrical, 1.7-2.5 × their basal width,
with a distinct flange
…..Protaphis
anuraphoides
–
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 0.5-0.9 × ANT BD
III. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda, tapering, 1.3-1.75 × their basal width, with a
small flange
…..Protaphis
terricola or cousiniae
8
Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..9
–
Spiracular apertures reniform
…..10
9
Dorsum with an extensive dark shield. BL
1.8-2.4 mm. (Al. with 15-36 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsam without a dark shield. BL 1.3-1.7 mm. (Al.
with c.7 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Brachycaudus viridanus*
10
STu absent, and MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 absent or
inconspicuous. R IV+V longer than ANT PT
…..Dysaphis
pseudomolli
–
Spinal tubercles (STu) usually present on
head and posterior ABD TERG, and well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu)
present on ABD TERG 1-5 or 1-7. R IV+V
shorter than ANT PT
…..11
11
MTu present on ABD TERG 1-7
…..Dysaphis
radicivorans*
–
MTu present on ABD TERG 1-5 only
…..Dysaphis
cousiniae
12
SIPH mainly or wholly dark with subapical
polygonal reticulation on distal 0.16-0.43 of length
…..13
–
SIPH pale or dark, but if dark then without
polygonal reticulation