ANT tubercles with
finger-like forward projections, at least half as long as ANT I
…..4
–
ANT tubercles without
finger-like projections
…..7
4
Dorsal hairs capitate,
including those on ANT tubercles and ANT I-III. Longest hairs on ANT III
about equal to BD III
…..Phorodon cannabis
–
Dorsal and ANT hairs with
blunt or pointed apices. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III
…..5
5
SIPH with distal part strongly curved outwards, swollen on the curve
and then narrowing abruptly, the narrow section being completely smooth, the
rest coarsely imbricated
…..Phorodon humulifoliae
–
SIPH with distal part
slightly curved outwards but tapering gradually over most of length, there
being no abrupt transition to a smooth narrow apical section
…..6
6
Finger-like projection on
ANT tubercle reaching apex of ANT I or beyond, its length greater than that
of ANT II. R IV+V 1.1-1.35 × HT II
…..Phorodon humuli
–
Finger-like projection on
ANT tubercle not reaching apex of ANT I, its length less than that of ANT II.
R IV+V 1.35-1.6 × HT II
…..Phorodon japonensis
7
Cuticle of head spiculose or nodulose, with inner faces of ANT
tubercles scabrous and steep-sided, parallel or apically convergent. SIPH
without polygonal reticulation
Dorsal body hairs arising
from finger-like or tapering processes that are much longer than their basal
widths (e.g. Fig.32a, b)
…..2
–
Dorsal body hairs not
arising from finger-like processes
…..4
2
Longest dorsal abdominal processes only about 0.05 mm long
…..Tuberoaphis hydrangeae*
–
Longest dorsal abdominal
processes more than 0.1 mm long
…..3
3
BL 1.1-2.2 mm.Spinal
abdominal processes 0.12-0.21 mm long (fundatrix, Fig.32a) or
0.05-0.13 mm long (2nd generation), with thick apices. Eyes
without evident ocular tubercles
…..Tuberoaphis hydrangeae ssp. digitata
–
BL
c. 3.1-3.2 mm. Spinal abdominal processes 0.33-0.54 mm long (fundatrix), with
narrow apices (Fig.32b). Ocular tubercles evident at posterior edge of eye
…..Macromyzus woodwardii*
4
Cauda swollen on basal
half, narrowing abruptly to a cylindrical apical section, the swollen part
bearing 4 hairs. Dorsal body hairs long and finely pointed; the longest hairs
on ABD TERG 3 are 80-85 μm, 3.5-4.0 × ANT BD III
…..
Chakrabartiaphis hydrangeae *
–
Cauda tapering,
triangular, tongue or finger-shaped, sometimes constricted in the middle but
without a much narrower cylindrical apical section, and often with more than
4 hairs. Dorsal body hairs blunt or acutely pointed, less than 60 μm,
less than 3.5 × ANT BD III
…..5
5
SIPH 2.55-4.3 × cauda,
and slightly to markedly clavate. (Al. with rhinaria distributed ANT III
13-64, IV 0-22, V 0-6)
…..6
–
SIPH less than 2.5 × cauda, tapering, cylindrical or clavate. (Al.
generally with less rhinaria)
…..11
6
SIPH very markedly
inflated, with diameter of balloon-like swollen part 2.0-4.5 × minimum
diameter of basal part
……Rhopalosiphoninus deutzifoliae
–
SIPH tapering,
cylindrical, or swollen with diameter of swollen part less than 2 × minimum
diameter of basal part
…..7
7
SIPH dark and imbricated
…..8
–
SIPH pale and smooth
…..9
8
ANT III with 3-26
rhinaria.Tibiae pale.Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped,
rounded at apex, with 4-5 hairs
…..Taiwanomyzus montanus
–
ANT III without rhinaria. Tibiae
dusky/dark.Cauda triangular, with
6-7 hairs
…..Myzus philadelphi
9
SIPH (Fig.32c)
thick and markedly clavate, 2.55-3.2 × cauda; maximum width of swollen part
1.3-1.9 × minimum width of basal part, and about equal to or greater than R
IV+V. ANT PT/BASE 3.8-4.9. ANT III usually with 1-3 rhinaria near base
…..Rhopalosiphoninus hydrangeae
–
SIPH less clavate,
3.1-4.3 × cauda; max. width of swollen part 1.2-1.3 × minimum width of basal
part, and 0.4-0.6 × R IV+V. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.7. ANT III without rhinaria.
(Possibly fundatrices of species migrating in second generation to secondary
host)
…..10
10
ANT hairs very short and inconspicuous,
less than 0.3 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.1. SIPH 3.1-3.3 × cauda
…..Rhopalosiphoninus sp., Japan (Miyazaki
2388, 2419)
–
ANT hairs evident, 0.6-0.7 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE c.2.6. SIPH 4.2-4.3 ×
cauda
…..?Myzus
sp., Japan (Miyazaki 2417, 2434)
11
Head densely spiculose or nodulose, with
ANT tubercles weakly developed and divergent. Dorsal hairs acutely pointed,
with slightly tuberculate bases; 0.8-3 × ANT BD III
…..12
–
Either head is without spicules or nodules or, if head is spiculose or nodulose then ANT tubercles are well
developed and steep-sided, with inner faces parallel or apically convergent,
and dorsal hairs are very short and blunt (less than 0.5 × ANT BD III)
SIPH pale, with slight
distal swelling, almost flangeless. R IV+V c.0.75 × HT II. ABD TERG 1 and 7
without marginal tubercles (MTu), which may however be present on ABD TERG 6.
ABD TERG 8 with a median process
[Pergandeida polygonata Nevsky var. hyperici Rusanova
1942 (nomen nudum)] H. polyphyllum see H. olympicum
H. prolificum (= Myriandra prolifica)
Aphis
hyperici; Hyalomyzus
triangulatus
H. prolificum var. densiflorum
Hyalomyzus triangulatus;
Macrosiphum euphorbiae;
Myzus ornatus
H. pulchrum
Aulacorthum
solani
H. quadrangulum see H. tetrapterum
H. revolutum
Aphis
gossypii; Aulacorthum
solani;
Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae;
Sitobion africanum
H. roeperianum
Aphis chloris,
gossypii
H. scabrum
Aphis
chloris, [citrina], craccivora, pavlovskii
H. tetrapterum (incl. “quadrangulum”cultivars)
Aphis
chloris, fabae
H. tomentosum
Aphis chloris
H. triquetrifolium
Aphis chloris; Macrosiphum euphorbiae
H. uralum
Aphis
gossypii, nasturtii
Hypericum spp.
Metopolophium
darjeelingense
Key
to apterae on Hypericum:-
1
Dorsal cuticle of head
spiculose or strongly wrinkled, and ANT tubercles well developed with inner
faces scabrous and steep-sided or apically convergent, or with rounded,
convergent processes
…..2
–
Dorsal cuticle of head
smooth or slightly wrinkled, and ANT tubercles absent, weakly developed or,
if well developed, then with inner faces smooth and divergent
…..4
2
SIPH clavate; swollen on
distal 0.7-0.8, constricted subapically, and with narrower basal section. ANT
PT/BASE 0.8-2.1. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and V)
…..3
–
SIPH tapering, cylindrical or clavate, but if clavate then without a
subapical constriction, and with ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5. (Al. without secondary
rhinaria on ANT IV and V)
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.1. Dorsal cuticle of head spinulose. SIPH often
dusky to dark. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed III 19-28, IV 13-21,
V 3-8)
…..Hyalomyzus mitchellensis
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.0. Dorsal cuticle of head strongly wrinkled. SIPH pale. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-19, IV 6-10, V 3-6)
…..Hyalomyzus triangulatus
4
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells)
…..5
–
SIPH without polygonal
reticulation
…..6
5
SIPH black. Dorsal abdomen
with variably developed dark sclerotisation. Longest ANT hairs less than 0.5
× BD III
…..Sitobion africanum
–
SIPH pale. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation. Longest ANT
hairs 0.6-1.0 × BD III
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
6
SIPH 0.2-0.7 × cauda
…..7
–
SIPH 0.8-2.5 × cauda
…..9
7
Dorsal abdomen with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8 and irregular dark sclerotisation of more anterior tergites. R IV without any accessory hairs. ANT 5-segmented
…..Aphis mizzou
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark
sclerotisation. R IV with 2 accessory hairs. ANT 5- or 6-segmented
…..8
8
SIPH dark, 0.04-0.07 mm
long, shorter than or not much longer than their basal widths.Cauda 0.11-0.15 mm long, with 5-7
hairs
…..Aphis hyperici
–
SIPH pale, sometimes
darker towards apices, at least 0.10 mm long and twice as long as their basal
widths. Cauda at least 0.20 mm long,
with 6-11 hairs …..Aphis hypericiphaga*
9
ANT tubercles well
developed. SIPH pale, 1.5-2.5 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal
tubercles (MTu)
…..10
–
ANT tubercles absent or
weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-4.5. SIPH dark, 0.8-2.2 × cauda. ABD TERG 1
and 7 with MTu
…..11
10
ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.5. Femora without
spinules. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs (1 sense peg)
…..Acyrthosiphon malvae
–
ANT PT/BASE 3.0-3.9. Femora with many small blunt spinules ventrally.
First tarsal segments usually with 4 hairs (2 sense pegs)
…..Metopolophium darjeelingense
11
ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-6 as well as 1 and 7 with
large, dome-like MTu
…..12
–
MTu only consistently
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..13
12
ANT PT/BASE 2.2-2.8. MTu present on ABD
TERG 1-4 and 7
…..Aphis hypericiradicis*
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.7. MTu
present on all of ABD TERG 1-7
…..Aphis pavlovskii*
13
Cauda usually paler than SIPH, and bearing
4-8 hairs. Dorsum without dark markings. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 ×
BD III
…..14
–
SIPH and cauda both black; cauda with 4-25 hairs, but if 8 or less
then either dorsal abdomen has a solid black shield or longest hairs on ANT
III are more than 0.5 × BD III
Hind tarsi greatly
elongated, more than 0.6 × hind tibiae. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.4. SIPH
absent, or as pores
…..2
–
Hind tarsi normal. ANT
PT/BASE more than 0.7. SIPH tubular
…..3
2
SIPH absent. Eyes of only
3 facets
…..Trama troglodytes
–
SIPH present as pores on
small cones. Eyes multifaceted
…..Trama caudata
3
Cauda helmet-shaped or
triangular, not longer than its basal width
…..4
–
Cauda tongue- or
finger-shaped, much longer than its basal width
…..6
4
Cauda helmet-shaped, with 4-6 hairs. SIPH smooth, pale, with a
subapical annular incision. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. ANT III without rhinaria.
Dorsum without dark markings. Spiracular apertures rounded. ABD TERG 1 and 7
without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda triangular, with
7-19 hairs. SIPH imbricated, dark, without a subapical annular incision. ANT
PT/BASE 0.8-1.9. ANT III often with rhinaria. Dorsum usually with dark sclerotisation.
Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..5
5
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.1.
Cauda with 6-12 hairs
…..Aphis picridicola
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.2
(-1.4). Cauda with 13-19 hairs
…..Protaphis pseudocardui
6
ANT tubercles absent or
weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..7
–
ANT tubercles well
developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..9
7
Marginal hair on ABD TERG
1 is 0.14-0.6 × height of adjacent MTu. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.7. R IV+V 1.2-2.0 ×
HT II. (ANT usually 5-segmented)
…..8
–
Marginal hair on ABD TERG
1 is 0.7-1.8 × height of adjacent MTu. ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.7. R IV+V 0.9-1.5 ×
HT II
R
IV+V 1.6-2.0 × HT II. Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.2-0.3 × length of
trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 2.4-4.2 × their midlength diameters
…..Aphis pernilleae
–
R IV+V 1.2-1.6 × HT II.
Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.4-1.0 × length of trochantro-femoral
suture. SIPH 3.5-7.1 × their midlength diameters
…..Aphis
hypochoeridis
9
Cuticle of headdensely
spiculose or nodulose, at least on ventral surface. ANT tubercles with inner
faces scabrous or spiculose and parallel or apically convergent
Cuticle of head smooth or
with only sparse spinules. ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and
divergent or almost parallel
…..10
10
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5
rows of closed cells)
…..11
–
SIPH without a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation
…..16
11
SIPH mainly pale, with reticulation
consisting of few, large cells and
extending over distal 0.13-0.20 of length. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. Dorsal
abdomen without scleroites at base of hairs. First tarsal segments with 3
hairs
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH dark, with
reticulation consisting of numerous small cells and extending over distal
0.16-0.43 of length. ANT III with 2-97 rhinaria. Dorsal abdomen with dark
scleroites at base of hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs
…..12
12
Antesiphuncular sclerites absent or
indistinct
…..13
–
Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present
…..15
13
Coxae pale. SIPH 1.0-1.35 × cauda
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
–
Coxae dusky/dark (darker
than trochanters). SIPH 1.4-2.2 × cauda
…..14
14
R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II, Cauda pale with
23-30 hairs
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II.
Cauda brown with 9-14 hairs
…..Uroleucon malarguense
15
R IV+V 1.17-1.33 × HT II, SIPH 1.4-1.8 ×
cauda
…..Uroleucon cichorii
–
R IV+V 0.84-1.08 × HT II.
SIPH 1.25-1.5 × cauda
…..Uroleucon hypochoeridis
16
SIPH slightly but distinctly swollen on
distal half, 1.1-1.5 × cauda which is constricted about 0.4 from base
…..Hyperomyzus carduellinus
–
SIPH tapering or
cylindrical on distal half, 1.6-2.5 × cauda which is not constricted
…..17
17
ANT III with 3-36 rhinaria, and with
longest hairs 0.7-1.1 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4. Thoracic spiracles much
larger than abdominal ones
…..Nasonovia ribisnigri
–
ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria, and with longest hairs less than 0.4 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 4.2-5.2. Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones
Head densely spiculose with scabrous, convergent ANT tubercles. SIPH
clavate, 2.5-2.7 × cauda. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II. (Al. with very numerous
rhinaria on ANT III, IV and V)
…..Hyalomyzus eriobotryae
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..2
2
SIPH dark except at
bases, with zone of polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.16-0.25. ANT
tubercles well developed, with smooth, divergent inner faces. ANT dark, much
longer than body, with ANT PT/BASE 5.4-6.9
SIPH dark, with a distal
zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III with numerous (c.60) rhinaria
distributed along most of its length
…..Uroleucon hyssopii*
–
SIPH pale or dark, without
polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-12 rhinaria
…..2
2
ANT tuberclesweakly
developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles. SIPH dark, tapering,
0.10-0.16 × BL and 1.25-1.9 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.5
….. Aphis calaminthae
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal
tubercles. SIPH pale, tapering or swollen distally, 0.18-0.36 × BL and
1.8-8.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-5.5
…..3
3
SIPH strongly swollen on
distal half, 5.5-8.6 × the triangular cauda, which bears 5 hairs. Alatiform
apt. common with rhinaria distally on ANT III (-IV)
…..Eucarazzia
elegans
–
SIPH tapering/cylindrical, 1.8-2.6 × the tongue-shaped cauda which
bears 6-8, usually 7, hairs. ANT III usually with 1-3 small rhinaria near
base
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT III (of aptera) with 2-8 secondary rhinaria
…..Uroleucon essigi
–
First tarsal segments with 3-5 hairs. ANT III (of aptera) with 7-35 secondary rhinaria
…..2
2
ANT III (of aptera) with 15-35 secondary rhinaria distributed over
almost the whole length of the segment. Scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs
pale, inconspicuous
…..Uroleucon bereticum
–
ANT III (of aptera) with 7-15 secondary rhinaria on basal half of
segment. Dark scleroites present at bases of dorsal hairs
Cauda pale, shorter than its basal width,
less than 0.3 of length of black SIPH. Antennal hairs long and fine, mostly
3-4 × basal diameter of ANT III. ANT III of aptera with secondary rhinaria on
distal 0.5-0.7
…..Ryoichitakahashia
prunifoltae
–
Cauda pale or dark, longer than its basal
width, more than 0.3 of length of SIPH. Antennal hairs less than 3 × basal
diameter of ANT III, which in aptera has rhinaria either absent or only on
basal 0.3
…..2
2
Body broadly spindle-shaped. SIPH
with an apical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..3
–
Body oval or pear-shaped. SIPH
without polygonal reticulation
…..5
3
SIPH clearly swollen on distal half,
proximad to the reticulated part. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 ×
basal diameter of segment
…..Illinoia
lambersi
–
SIPH cylindrical or tapering on distal
half. Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 × basal diameter of segment
…..4
4
Head black, like SIPH. Dark
sclerites present anteriad and posteriad to SIPH, the antesiphuncular
sclerite being crescent-shaped
…..Macrosiphum rosae
–
Head and SIPH pale or dusky. No
dark ante- and postsiphuncular sclerites
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
5
Antennal tubercles well developed,
their inner faces parallel or convergent in dorsal view
…..6
–
Antennal tubercles poorly developed
…..10
6
Legs of aptera black except at bases
of femora
…..Pseudomegoura
magnoliae
–
Legs of aptera with at least tibiae
mainly pale
…..7
7
Cauda black, and SIPH dark on distal
halves
…..Sinomegoura citricola
–
Cauda pale, and SIPH pale or only dark at
apices
…..8
8
Antennal tubercles with inner faces
parallel in dorsal view (fig. 42J).
ANT III of aptera with a small secondary rhinarium near base
…..Aulacorthum
solani
–
Antennal tubercles with inner faces
convergent in dorsal view (e.g., fig. 42I).
ANT III of aptera never with a secondary rhinarium
…..9
9
Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE less than 2.5. SIPH tapering, with a shallow S-curve, and coarsely imbricated
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark
ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE more than 3. SIPH slightly swollen on distal half
…..Myzus
persicae
10
SIPH 0.4-0.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with
5-12 hairs
…..Aphis odinae
–
SIPH 0.9-1.7 × cauda. ABD TERG 8
with 2-5 hairs
…..11
11
Stridulatory ridges present on
abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and evenly spaced stridulatory peg-like hairs on
hind tibiae (fig.
122). ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0 Dorsal abdominal markings if present confined
to ABD TERG 7 and 8. Alata with media of forewing once-branched
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
Stridulatory apparatus absent. ANT
PT/BASE 2.1-3.2 Dark, broken sclerites or bands usually present on ABD TERG
1-8. Alata with media of forewing twice-branched
…..12
12
Longest hair on ANT III usually more than 2 × basal diameter of segment. ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 often with marginal tubercles
…..Aphis ilicis
–
Longest hair on ANT III rarely more than
2 × basal diameter of segment. ABD TERG 2-5 less frequently with small
marginal tubercles
…..13
13
Dorsum with variable
dark markings, usually consisting of at least dark sclerotic bands on
pronotum, mesonotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8, and small dark marginal sclerites (fig. 121R);
often also with small dark sclerites scattered over other abdominal tergites.
Cauda without any constriction and bearing 11-24 hairs
…..Aphis fabae
–
Pronotum, mesonotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8 without dark sclerotic bands and marginal sclerites not deeply pigmented. Cauda usually with a constriction about one third from base, and bearing 6-12 hairs (fig 121T)
Dorsal body hairs
multiplied (ABD TERG 1-4 each with at least 8 spino-pleural hairs and 1
marginal pair). SIPH dusky, or dark on distal half only. Cauda with 6-11
hairs. No stridulatory apparatus
…..2
–
Dorsal body hairs not multiplied (ABD TERG 1-4 each with only 1 spinal
and 1 marginal pair). SIPH black. Cauda with 10-26 hairs. Stridulatory
apparatus present
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
2
Dorsal
body hairs very long, fine and numerous, those on ABD TERG 3 maximally
3.5-4.5 × ANT BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 9-13 hairs. SIPH uniformly dusky
…..Polytrichaphis fragilis
–
Dorsal
body hairs shorter and less numerous, those on ABD TERG 3 not more than 2.5 ×
ANT BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 4-5 hairs. SIPH dark basally and pale distally
Body aleyrodiform;
flattened, elongate oval, with a crenulate margin of wax glands. Cauda
knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..Aleurodaphis impatientis.
–
Body of more normal aphid
form, and other characters do not apply
…..2
2
ANT 5-segmented, less than 0.25 × BL, with ANT PT/BASEless than 0.5. Eyes 3-faceted, SIPH
absent. Dorsal abdomen with paired spinal and pleural wax gland plates
…..Epipemphigus sp(p).
–
ANT usually 6-segmented,
more than 0.45 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multi-faceted, SIPH
present. No dorsal wax gland plates
…..3
3
Dorsum with extensive
dark sclerotisation
…..4
–
Dorsum membranous, or
with only localised sclerotisation
…..8
4
Head spiculose. Cauda
short and dark, much less than 2 × its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH
tapering or slightly swollen on distal half, with a large flange
…..5
–
Head not spiculose. Cauda pale, finger-like, at least 2 × its basal
width. SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, usually with some
subapical reticulation, and with a small flange
…..6
5
SIPH more than 3 × cauda, and slightly swollen on distal half. ANT
PT/BASE 4.7-5.5
…..Hydronaphis impatiens
–
SIPH tapering with no swelling, 1.6-2.3 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-3.7
…..Eumyzus indicus*
6
Apices of tibiae pale,
and apices of femora pale or dusky. ANT III with 8-17 secondary rhinaria, IV
with 1-7 and V with 0-7. R IV+V 0.65-0.77 × HT II. SIPH 0.64-0.77 × head
width across (and including) eyes. Height of ANT tubercles much less than 0.5
× length of ANT I along inner side
…..Impatientinum balsamines
–
Apices of tibiae dark or
black, distal parts of femora black. ANT III with 1-11 secondary rhinaria, IV
and IV with 0. R IV+V 0.84-1.0 × HT II. SIPH at least 0.8 × head width across
eyes. Height of ANT tubercles about 0.5 × length of ANT I along inner side
…..7
7
Basal part of SIPH with
nodulose imbrication, and post-siphuncular sclerite spiculose (Fig.33a). SIPH
0.8-0.9 × head width across eyes. Spiracular sclerites of abdominal segments
1 and 2 very close, often contiguous (Fig.33c)
…..Impatientinum asiaticum
–
Basal part of SIPH and
post-siphuncular sclerite quite smooth (Fig.33b). SIPH 0.9-1.2 × head width
across eyes. Spiracular sclerites on abdominal segments 1 and 2 distinctly
separated (Fig.33d)
…..Impatientinum impatiens
8
SIPH very small, 0.24-0.45 × cauda, with apices curved inwards and
flangeless (e.g. Fig.33e)
…..9
–
SIPH at least 0.6 ×
cauda, and usually with at least a small flange
…..10
9
SIPH about as long as
their basal widths, 0.2-0.3 × cauda
…..Semiaphis nolitangere
–
SIPH c.1.5 × their basal
widths, and 0.33-0.45 × cauda
…..Semiaphis moiwaensis
10
Head densely spiculose, at least ventrally
…..11
–
Head not spiculose
…..13
11
Dorsal hairs all short and blunt, shorter than ANT BD III, and without
tuberculate bases or pigmented scleroites. SIPH smooth or variously
imbricated
Dorsal hairs much longer
than ANT BD III, rather spine-like, with acute apices, and placed on lightly
or heavily pigmented scleroites (e.g. Fig.33f). SIPH
with close-set nodulose imbrication
…..12
12
Dorsal hairs maximally 1.5-2.2 × ANT BD III, arising from small
lightly pigmented, flat scleroites. SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is longer
than its basal width
…..Eumyzus gallicola
–
Dorsal hairs maximally
2.2-3.3 × ANT BD III, arising from large, often heavily pigmented, somewhat
domed scleroites (Fig.33f).
SIPH 1.6-2.3 × cauda, which is not or hardly longer than its basal width in
dorsal view
…..Eumyzus impatiense
13
ANT longer than BL. ANT tubercles well
developed, divergent. SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation (if rather
indistinct, then SIPH are thin with pale basal half and dark distal half).
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). ANT III with secondary
rhinaria
…..14
–
ANT shorter than BL.ANT
tubercles weakly developed. SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. ANT III (or fused III+IV) without rhinaria
…..18
14
SIPH rather thin, about equal in length to cauda, with pale basal half
and dark distal half , and with 1-4 rather indistinct rows of polygonal cells
near apex (Fig.33g)
…..Catamergus fulvae
–
SIPH tapering or
cylindrical, longer than cauda, with a least 4-5 subapical rows of well-defined polygonal cells; entirely
pale, entirely dark, or mainly dark with pale base
…..15
15
SIPH dark, 1.2-1.4 × cauda, with
reticulation extending over distal 0.3-0.4 of length. First tarsal segments
with 5 hairs
…..Uroleucon impatiensicolens
–
SIPH pale or dark,
1.4-2.2 × cauda, with reticulation extending over distal 0.13-0.23 of length.
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs
…..16
16
SIPH pale, or only dusky towards apices
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH mainly
dark, sometimes paler at base
…..17
17
ANT III (except at base) and tibiae black
…..Macrosiphum pallidum
–
ANT III mainly pale (except
for rhinariated section and apex), tibiae with pale middle section
…..Macrosiphum impatientis
18
ABD TERG 2-4, as well as 1 and 7, with low,
conical or hemispherical MTu
…..19
–
ABD TERG 2-4 without or
only very sporadically with MTu
…..20
19
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 × BD III. Posterior hair on hind
trochanter 0.2-0.5 × length of trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 1.2-1.7 ×
cauda and 1.1-1.5 × ANT III
…..Aphis impatiphila
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 1.2-1.7 × BD III. Posterior hair on hind trochanter
1.1-1.4 × length of trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 1.0-1.1 × cauda and
0.9-1.0 × ANT III
…..Aphis impatiradicis
20.
R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Cauda dark like SIPH and bearing 4-6(-7) hairs
…..Aphis impatientis
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II. Cauda either
not dark like SIPH or bearing more
than 7 hairs
…..21
21.
SIPH 0.67-1.0 × cauda, which bears 13-18 hairs. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Aphis sp. (Ontario, BMNH collection)
–
SIPH (0.8-) 1.0-2.5 × cauda, which bears 4-24 hairs, but if more than
12 hairs and/or siphunculi are shorter than cauda, then R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT
II
See
Blackman & Eastop (2000) for an illustrated key to apterae of common
aphids on indigo.
1
SIPH as very short,
broad, pigmented cones. Cauda shaped like an arrowhead in dorsal view. Anal
plate bilobed
…..Pterasthenia albata
–
SIPH tubular. Cauda
either broad with a distinct median stylus, triangular or tongue- or
finger-shaped. Anal plate entire
…..2
2
SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs with expanded apices. ABD TERG 8
with hair-bearing backwardly directed processes. Cauda broad with a median
stylus
…..Anomalosiphum indigoferae
–
SIPH without hairs. ABD
TERG 8 without processes. Cauda tongue-shaped, or triangular with a curved,
horn-like apex
…..3
3
SIPH dark, at least on
distal half
…..4
–
SIPH pale, sometimes
darker at apex
…..11
4
Head spiculose. SIPH
clavate, dark on swollen distal part, paler on about distal 0.4. (Al. with
black-bordered wing veins)
…..Microparsus brasiliensis
–
Head without spicules.
SIPH wholly dark, or paler only at base
…..5
5
ANT longer than BL. ANT
tubercles well-developed, with divergent inner faces. ANT III with 1 or more
rhinaria near base. SIPH slightly swollen in middle. Cauda long, pale and
finger-like
…..6
–
ANT shorter than BL. ANT
tubercles small or undeveloped. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH cylindrical,
tapering or swollen on distal part. Cauda pale or dark, tongue-shaped
…..7
6.
Longest hairs on ANT III
more than 0.5 × BD III. ANT mainly black, and legs with large sections of
femora and tibiae black. SIPH wholly dark
…..Megoura lespedezae
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
less than 0.5 × BD III. ANT and legs variably pigmented but usually mainly
pale. SIPH usually paler at base
…..Megoura dooarsis
7
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.4. SIPH
flangeless, clavate. ABD TERG 8 with a thumb-like process. ABD TERG 1 and 7
without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Cavariella himachali*
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.9-5.0. SIPH
tapering or cylindrical, with a flange. No process on ABD TERG 8. ABD TERG 1
and 7 with MTu
…..8
8
ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0. Cauda with 10-26 hairs. Stridulatory apparatus
present
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.9-3.4.
Cauda with 4-12(-15) hairs. No stridulatory apparatus
…..9
9
Dorsum usually with an
extensive black shield
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsum without any dark
markings
…..10
10
Cauda paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-7
hiars. Longest hind femoral
hairs only 0.4-0.7 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda as dark as SIPH,
and bearing 7-15 hairs. Longest
hind femoral hairs more than 0.7 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis spiraecola
11
SIPH tapering or cylindrical and attenuated
distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths. Head with
well-developed, divergent ANT tubercles. ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria near base
…..Acyrthosiphon pisum
–
SIPH tapering or somewhat
swollen on distal part, thicker than hind tibiae at midlength. Head either
without ANT tubercles or these have steep-sided, scabrous inner faces. ANT
III without rhinaria
…..12
12
SIPH flangeless. Head without ANT
tubercles. Dorsal hairs pointed. Cauda triangular, with a curved, horn-like
apex
…..Nudisiphon folisacculata
–
SIPH with a flange. Head
spiculose with steep-sided, apically convergent ANT tubercles. Dorsal hairs
short and blunt. Cauda tongue-shaped
…..13
13
Dorsum
with extensive dark markings, including a roughly horseshoe-shaped dorsal
abdominal patch and paired large dark patches on thorax. SIPH not clavate. R
IV+V 1.2-1.7 × HT II
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
No dark dorsal markings. SIPH slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
SIPH
with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Hind tibiae and SIPH
entirely or mainly dark. R IV+V 1.25-1.55× HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with
a central black patch
SIPH dusky or dark over
at least half of length, with a distal zone of reticulation comprising numerous
(more than 100) small polygonal cells
…..2
–
SIPH pale or dark without
polygonal reticulation, or pale with distal reticulation comprising fewer,
larger cells
…..11
2
R IV+V 1.85-3.01 × HT II
…..3
–
R IV+V 1.05-1.70 × HT II
…..7
3
R IV+V 2.05-2.92 × ANT
BASE VI
…..4
–
R IV+V 1.4-2.0 × ANT BASE
VI
…..5
4
SIPH dusky, basally
almost concolorous with body, 0.27-0.37 × BL. Scleroites at bases of dorsal
hairs pale and indistinct. Cauda with 11-22 hairs
…..Uroleucon
inulae
–
SIPH entirely dark, much
darker than body, 0.34-0.42 × BL. Scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs dark.
Cauda with 19-28 hairs
…..Uroleucon elbursicum*
5
R IV+V with about 30
accessory hairs and with the lateral pair of primary (subapical) hairs much longer
than all the others
…..Uroleucon bifrontis*
–
R IV+V with 8-10 accessory hairs, and with all primary and accessory
hairs of similar length
…..6
6
ANT III with 8-31 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated on distal 0.20-0.27 of
length
…..Uroleucon dalmaticum
–
ANT III with 32-72 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated on distal 0.12 –0.21 of
length
…..Uroleucon budhium
7
Cauda dark like SIPH and
distal parts of femora
…..8
–
Cauda much paler than
SIPH and distal parts of femora
…..10
8
R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II
…..Uroleucon fuscaudatum
–
R IV+V 1.08-1.4 × HT II
…..9
9
First tarsal segments with 3 (occasionally 4) hairs. Cauda tapering to
a rounded apex
…..Uroleucon ensifoliae
–
First tarsal segments with 5 (occasionally 4) hairs. Cauda tapering to
a narrowly acute apex
…..Uroleucon compositae
10
SIPH 0.23-0.28 × BL, and 1.3-1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.14-1.36 × HT II
…..Uroleucon pulicariae
–
SIPH 0.32-0.4 × BL, and 1.8-2.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.25-1.65 × HT II
…..Uroleucon inulicola
11
Dorsal hairs long (more than 50 μm),
with capitate or at least slightly expanded apices, and usually with
tuberculate bases
…..12
–
Dorsal hairs shorter with
blunt or pointed apices, and without tuberculate bases
…..15
12
SIPH rather strongly clavate (Fig.34a). BL
3.4-4.8 mm
….. Indomasonaphis anaphalidis
–
SIPH cylindrical on
distal part, or very weakly clavate. BL 1.3-3.4 mm
…..13
13
BL 2.8-3.4 mm. SIPH 0.25-0.3 × BL, 1.8-2.0 × cauda, which bears about
24-26 hairs. R IV+V with 16-18 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5
hairs
…..Indomasonaphis inulae
–
BL 1.3-2.2 mm. SIPH very
long and thin, 0.31-0.4 × BL and 4-6 × cauda, which bears 5-7 hairs. RIV+V
with 2 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs
…..14
14
ANT III with 2-5 long capitate hairs, as long as or longer than BD
III. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 16-28 capitate hairs, arranged in spinopleural
and marginal groups on large tubercles, the longest hairs being 3-4 × ANT BD
III (Fig.34b).
R IV+V 2.2-2.5 × HT II
…..Capitophorus pakansus
–
ANT III with very short hairs, 0.2-0.3 × BD III. ABD TERG 1-4 each with
12-14 capitate hairs, the longest 2-3 × ANT BD III (Fig.34c). R IV+V 1.5-1.8
× HT II
…..Capitophorus inulae
15
Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular,
not or hardly longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..16
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width
…..20
16
ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.1. Cauda bluntly triangular with 14-20 hairs. ABD
TERG 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). Spiracular apertures reniform
ANT PT.BASE 2.3-5.1.
Cauda helmet-shaped, with 4-8 hairs. ABD TERG 7 without MTu. Spiracular
apertures reniform or rounded
…..17
17
SIPH and cauda pale. Dorsum without dark markings
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH and cauda dark. Dorsum with a solid dark shield or with variably developed dusky markings, and dark intersegmental muscle plates
…..18
18
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. SIPH 2.1-3.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.5-2.0 × HT II. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dusky segmental markings, and dark intersegmental muscle plates. SIPH 1.0-1.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II. Mesosternum without mammariform processes
R IV+V 2.3-3.0 × HT II, and bearing 17-26 accessory hairs (Fig.34d). Head smooth, except for a well-developed rather scabrous median frontal tubercle, and divergent ANT tubercles, each bearing a rounded, scabrous process (Fig.34e)
…..Ovatus inulae
–
R IV+V less than 1.6 × HT II, and bearing less than 10 accessory hairs. Head smooth or spiculose, with ANT tubercles undeveloped or variably developed, without a scabrous median frontal tubercle
RIV + V with about 25 accessory hairs, 2.5-2.7 × HT II, which is very short (less than 0.07 mm). First tarsal segments with 4 hairs. ANT III with 10-41 rhinaria, mostly clustered on rather swollen basal half. Thoracic spiracular apertures much larger than abdominal ones. SIPH 1.2-1.7 × cauda, without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..Nasonovia takala
–
R IV+V with 7-10 accessory hairs, 0.8-1.0 × HT II, which is over 0.1 mm long. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT III with 1-10 small rhinaria. Thoracic and abdominal spiracular apertures of similar size. SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda, with subapical polygonal reticulation (or try key to polyphagous aphids)
ANT tuberclesweakly developed, not projecting forward beyond middle part of head in
dorsal view. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH less than 0.5 × as long as the
distance between their bases, and distinctly dark-tipped
…..Schizaphis graminum
–
ANT tubercles with divergent inner faces, projecting forward well beyond middle part of head (median frontal tubercle). ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. SIPH more than 0.5 × longer than the distance between their bases
…..10
10
R IV+V 0.55-0.75 × HT II. SIPH 8-12.5 × longer than their width at midlength
…..Metopolophium dirhodum
–
R IV+V 0.79-0.92 × HT II. SIPH (11.1-) 12.5-22 × longer than their width at midlength
SIPH as very broad, dark, volcano-shapedcones, shorter than their
basal widths. ANT III with 3-11 rhinaria on distal part, and 0-1 on IV.
Dorsal abdominal hairs 3-5 × ANT BD III. Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular
with rounded apex, much shorter than its basal width
…..Smiela schneideri
–
SIPH tubular, pale or dark. ANT III-IV without rhinaria, or with rhinaria only near base of III. Dorsal abdominal hairs less than 1.5 × ANT BD III. Cauda triangular or tongue-shaped, as long as or longer than its basal width
…..2
2
ANT tubercles well developed with smooth broadly divergent inner faces. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. ANT III 0.8-1.0 × SIPH which are long, pale, thin and tapering/ cylindrical on distal part, without polygonal reticulation
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
Without that combination of characters
…..3
3
SIPH slightly swollen (but not clavate). ANT
tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..4
–
SIPH tapering or clavate. Either head with well-developed ANT tubercles or ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
SIPH dark, 0.7-0.9 × cauda, with polygonal
reticulation extending over distal 0.6-0.8 of length. ANT III with 8-28
secondary rhinaria, usually distributed over almost its entire length
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2 × minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
…..Eucarazzia elegans
–
SIPH not swollen or much
less swollen, and less than 3.5 × cauda
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs long, 2-4.5
× longer than ANT BD III
…..3
–
Dorsal hairs all or
mostly less than 1.5 × ANT BD III
…..6
3
Dorsal hairs with blunt
or pointed apices
…..4
–
Dorsal hairs with
expanded apices
…..5
4
Cuticle of head smooth
….Nigritergaphis crassisetosa*
–
Cuticle of head spinulose
…..Eumyzus clinopodii
5
R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II, with c.8 accessory hairs. SIPH c.2.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 4.5-5.0
…..Cryptaphis menthae*
–
R IV+V 1.6-1.8 × HT II,
with 2-4 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-3.6
…..Cryptaphis rostrata
6
SIPH partly or wholly
dark, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..7
–
SIPH pale or dark,
without subapical reticulation
…..13
7
Dorsal abdomen with
extensive black sclerotisation
…..8
–
Dorsal abdomen mainly
pale
…..11
8
Dorsum with continuous
broad black marginal stripes, united by a black band across ABD TERG 6, the
central area of thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 being unpigmented
…..9
–
Dorsum with extensive
dark shield including central area
…..10
9
Longest hairs on ANT III
less than 0.5 × BD III, and longest hairs on front of head and ABD TERG 8 are
about equal to BD III. R IV+V c.1.1 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum
perillae*
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
0.8-0.9 × BD III, and longest hairs on front of head and ABD TERG 8 are
1.6-2.0 × BD III. R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum isodonis
10
Longest hairs on ANT III 14-20 μm
long, 0.5-0.6 × BD III, and those on ABD TERG 8 are 30-42 μm long,
1.0-1.6 × BD III
…..Sitobion autriquei
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
8-12 μm long, 0.3-0.45 × BD III, and those on ABD TERG 8 are 12-28
μm long, 0.4-0.9 × BD III
…..Sitobion colei
11
ANT
III-VI dark except at base of III. Head without spicules
…..Macrosiphum mesosphaeri
–
ANT III-V pale with dark
apices. Ventral side of head minutely spiculose
…..12
12
ANT III with 1-7 rhinaria on basal half, ANT IV with 0. ANT PT/BASE
5.5-6.4
…..Sitobion aulacorthoides
–
ANT III with 4-15
rhinaria distributed over whole length, ANT IV with 0-4. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.5
…..Sitobion plectranthi
13
Head smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH dark, cauda pale, dusky or dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..14
–
Head spiculose with well-developed steep-sided or apically convergent ANT tubercles. SIPH pale or dusky, cauda pale. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..15
14
ANT 1.03-1.30 mm long, 0.66-0.98 × BL (note: BL excluding cauda; measure several specimens)
…..Aphis affinis
–
ANT 0.65-1.05 mm long, 0.55-0.76 × BL
…..Aphis gossypii
15
SIPH tapering to a small, flangeless terminal aperture
…..Myzus isodonis
–
SIPH with a distinct apical flange
…..16
16
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. ANT 6-segmented
…..17
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.6-5.5, but if less than 2.8 then ANT II and IV are usually fused to give 5-segmented antennae
…..18
17
Dorsal body with a distinctive pattern of dark intersegmental markings
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal body without any distinctive pattern of dark intersegmental markings (?)
…..Ovatus minutus*
18
Dorsum with extensive dark markings,
including a large roughly horseshoe-shaped abdominal patch
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsum without dark markings
…..19
19
ANT III with (0-)1-3 small rhinaria near
base. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, with normal imbrication and a large flange
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
ANT III without any rhinaria. SIPH either slightly clavate, or coarsely imbricated or scabrous, and with a small to moderate flange
…..20
20
SIPH
slightly clavate (with narrower section on basal half), normally imbricated.
R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH tapering/cylindrical, coarsely imbricated or scabrous. R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II …..21
21
Cauda 1.0-1.6 × R IV+V. SIPH 2.0-3.0 × cauda. SIPH coarsely imbricated. Dorsal abdomen almost smooth
ANT PT/BASEless than 0.5. SIPH absent. Dorsal abdomen with wax glands
…..Pemphigus sp.
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.
SIPH present, tubular or conical. Dorsal abdomen without evident wax glands
…..2
2
SIPH dark with a distal
zone of polygonal reticulation, cauda contrastingly pale. ANT III with 8-31 rhinaria.
ANT tubercles well developed, with divergent inner faces
…..3
–
SIPH and cauda pale or dark. ANT III without rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed
…..4
3
Hind tibiae as pale as cauda for more than 0.7 of length. ABD TERG 2-4 sometimes with small marginal tubercles (MTu). (Hind tibiae of al. with pale or dusky basal section)
…..Uroleucon ivae
–
Hind tibiae usually with a pale or dusky basal section, but this is not as pale as cauda for more 0.5 of length. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu. (Hind tibia of al. entirely dark)
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
4
SIPHpale, conical, smooth, with an annular incision proximal to the flange. Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracular apertures rounded. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH dark, tapering or cylindrical, imbricated, without a subapical annular incision. Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..5
5
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dark shield
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without any extensive dark markings
…..6
6
ANT III 0.15-0.32 mm long, 1.3-2.6 × R IV+V. HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg). ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs. SIPH 0.9-1.6 × ANT III. (Al. with 3-13 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Aphis gossypii
–
ANT III 0.25-0.63 mm long, 2.5-4.0 × R IV+V. HT I with 3 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-11 hairs. SIPH 0.6-1.1 × ANT III. (Al. with 14-40 rhinaria on ANT III)
SIPH mainly pale and slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. ANT III without any rhinaria. (Al. with a solid black dorsal patch, and with sec. rhin. on ANT IV-(V) as well as III)
…..Myzus lactucicola
–
SIPH dark and tapering/cylindrical. R IV+V (0.83-) 0.9-1.1. ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria near base. (Al. with separate dorsal cross-bands, and with sec. rhin. usually on III only)
…..Aulacorthum ixeridis
4
SIPH pale, smooth, without a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, and swollen on distal 0.7, maximum width of swollen part being 1.3-2.0 × minimum width of basal part
…..5
–
SIPH dark, imbricated, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, and tapering or cylindrical on distal part
…..6
5
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 8-19 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 6-11 μm. Sec. rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-29, IV (0)-1-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. ANT PT 1.6-2.3 × cauda
…..Hyperomyzus carduellinus
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-50 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 18-30 μm. Sec. rhinaria distributed ANT III 4-20, IV 0 (-1), V 0. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.4. ANT PT 2.0-3.0 × cauda
…..Hyperomyzus lactucae
6
ANT III 1.8-2.0 × longer than ANT IV + V together …..Uroleucon formosanum
–
ANT III less than 1.5 × ANT IV+V together
…..7
7
Cauda dark like SIPH, and bearing 12-15 hairs
…..Uroleucon
lactucicola
–
Cauda distinctly paler than SIPH and bearing 6-30 hairs
…..8
8
ANT III with only 5-11 rhinaria restricted to
basal half. SIPH a little longer than cauda which bears 6-12 hairs
…..9
–
ANT III with 8-97 (but rarely less than 12) rhinaria, often extending beyond basal half. SIPH 1.4-1.9 × cauda which bears 14-30 hairs
…..10
9
ANT III with 5-7 rhinaria. R IV+V very
short, 0.55-0.63 × HT II. Cauda with 9-12 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella ixeridis
–
ANT III with 8-11 rhinaria. RIV+V relatively longer (?). Cauda with c.6 hairs
…..Uroleucon debile*
10
Coxae pale like basal parts of femora.
Dorsal hairs arising from dark scleroites, and crescent-shaped ante-siphuncular
sclerites present. R IV+V 1.45-1.85 × HT II
…..Uroleucon picridis
–
Coxae dark. Dorsal hairs not arising from dark scleroites, antesiphuncular sclerites absent or indistinct. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II
ANT III black with 11-47 rhinaria. SIPH black, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, 0.85-1.25 × the long black, pointed cauda. Dorsal hairs arising from dark scleroites
…..Uroleucon sp. nr. campanulae
–
ANT III without rhinaria,
and other characters not in the same combination
…..2
2
SIPH dark. Marginal
tubercles (MTu) always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..3
–
SIPH pale or only dark at
apices. MTu absent from ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..4
3
Maximum diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is 0.5-1.4 × length of adjacent
marginal hair. Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.8-1.5 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Maximum diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is 2-3 × length of adjacent
marginal hair. Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.2-0.3 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis psammophila
4
SIPH smooth, short and
conical, 0.8-2.0 × cauda, which is helmet-shaped. Head smooth, with ANT
tubercles undeveloped. Spiracular apertures rounded. ABD TERG 8 bearing 6-12
hairs 0.5-1.3 × SIPH
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH imbricated, usually
somewhat swollen on distal part, 2.3-3.3 × cauda which is triangular or
tongue-shaped. Head spiculose, at least ventrally, with ANT tubercles
somewhat developed. Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 8 bearing 4-7
hairs, 0.02-0.20 × SIPH
…..5
5
Head densely spiculose
with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles. SIPH with narrowest part of
basal half similar in thickness to hind tibia at midlength. R IV+V with 7-15
accessory hairs. Cauda with 4-7 (usually 6) hairs
…..Myzus ascalonicus
–
Head more sparsely
spiculose, with weakly developed, broadly divergent ANT tubercles. SIPH with
narrowest part of basal half much thicker than hind tibia at midlength. R
IV+V with 2 accessory hairs. Cauda with 4-6, usually 5, hairs
…..6
6
R IV+V 1.23-1.38 × HT II.
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 15-22 μm. (Al. with 45-76 rhinaria on ANT
III)
…..Dysaphis sorbi
–
R IV+V 1.04-1.19 × HT II. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 10-15 μm.
(Al. with 30-40 rhinaria on ANT III)
SIPH as short, broad,
pale truncate cones, not longer than their basal widths, scabrous on distal
part, with indistinct flange. Head spiculose ventrally, with low somewhat
scabrous ANT tubercles. R IV+V without any accessory hairs
…..Brachymyzus jasmini
–
SIPH much longer than their basal widths. Head either densely
spiculose with well-developed ANT tubercles, or not spiculose with ANT
tubercles weakly developed. R IV+V with at least 2 accessory hairs
BL less than 4.5 mm, rostrum much
shorter than body
…..6
2
SIPH absent
…..Stomaphis
asiphon
–
SIPH as large pores on broad flat
pigmented hairy cones
…..3
3
ABD TERG 1-7 with paired dark spinal
sclerites
…..4
–
Spinal sclerites absent at least
from ABD TERG 3-6
…..5
4
ANT II about as long as wide. Spinal sclerites never fragmented …..Stomaphis mordvilkoi
–
ANT II at least 1.4 × longer than wide. Spinal sclerites on ABD TERG
4-6 at least partly fragmented
…..
Stomaphis wojciechowskii*
5
ANT V longer than ANT VI (incl. PT).
R IV+V longer than HT II. Dorsal abdomen entirely without paired spinal
sclerites
…..Stomaphis
juglandis
–
ANT V shorter than ANT VI. R IV+V
shorter than HT II. Dorsal abdomen with paired spinal sclerites on ABD TERG
1, 2 and 7
…..Stomaphis
matsumotoi
6
BL more than 3.0 mm. Dorsal abdomen with
rather broad dark cross bands on most tergites. (All adult viviparae alate)
…..7
–
BL less than 3.0 mm. Dorsal
abdomen without broad dark cross bands. (Apterae or alatae)
…..9
7
Knob of cauda globular, about as long as
its greatest width (fig. 52B).
ABD TERG 1 and 2 with broken pigmentation. Forewing veins bordered
…..Panaphis
juglandis
–
Knob of cauda elongate, c. 1.5 × its
greatest width (fig. 52A). ABD TERG 1 and 2 with solid transverse dark bands.
Forewings not or only weakly bordered
…..8
8
ANT III with 16-26 secondary
rhinaria, IV with 0
…..Panaphis
nepalensis s. str.
–
ANT III with 30-51 secondary rhinaria,
IV with 2-5
…..Panaphis
nepalensis yunlongensis
9
Antenna 6- segmented
…..10
–
Antenna 3- to 5-segmented
…..20
10
Cauda dark, tongue-shaped. ANT PT/BASE more
than 1.5 Adult viviparae in colonies usually mostly apterous
….11
–
Cauda pale or dusky, knobbed. ANT
PT/BASE less than 1.5 Adult viviparae all alate …..12
11
SIPH 0.4-0.6× cauda, which has no
constriction (fig.
121O)
…..Aphis
odinae
–
SIPH 0.8-1.7× cauda, which has a
slight constriction near its midpoint (fig. 121T)
…..Aphis spiraecola
12
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5 Anal plate only
shallowly indented (fig. 52C)
…..13
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5 Anal plate
deeply bilobed (e.g., fig. 52D)
…..14
13
Hairs on hind tibia very long, up to about
3.5 × middle diameter of the tibia. Wings with dark spots at ends of veins
(use hand lens)
…..Chromaphis
hirsutustibis
–
Hairs on hind tibia shorter, the longest
of them less than 2 × middle diameter of tibia. Wings without dark spots at
ends of veins
…..Chromaphis
juglandicola
14
Tibiae dark. Antennae mainly dark,
except at bases of segments. Forewings with both Cu1a and Cu1b bordered with fuscous, much darker
than other veins
…..15
–
Tibiae mainly pale. Antennae with
only apical parts of segments and rhinariated section of ANT III dark. Forewings with only Cu1b lightly
bordered with fuscous, Cu1a as other veins
…..16
15
Costal vein at leading edge of
forewing black. Pronotum with 2 posterior spinal hairs. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II
…..Monelliopsis
californica
–
Costal vein pale. Pronotum with
(3-)4 posterior spinal setae. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Monelliopsis bisetosa
16
ABD TERG 1-6 each with only one pair
of spinal hairs, sometimes arising from processes
…..17
–
ABD TERG 1-6 each with at least 4
spinopleural hairs, either as separate spinal and pleural pairs, or with
spinal hairs duplicated, on raised sclerites or flat processes
…..19
17
Pronotum, metanotum and ABD TERG 1-3 with
pairs of well-developed processes, much better developed than the flattened,
pigmented processes on ABD TERG 4-6 (fig. 33D).
Embryos (seen through adult cuticle) with spinal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 long
enough to overlap when directed towards one another (fig. 34A)
…..Monelliopsis
tuberculata
–
Pronotum and metanotum without
processes, and ABD TERG 1-3 with flattened hair-bearing processes like those
on ABD TERG 4-6 (fig. 33E). Embryos with spinal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 too
short to overlap when directed towards one another (fig. 34B)
…..18
18
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.3. Late spring/summer
alatae with a black transverse streak on hind subcoxa and dark spinal and
marginal hair-bearing processes on most abdominal segments
…..Monelliopsis caryae
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.7-0.8. Late
spring/summer alatae without a black streak on hind subcoxa and with only the
marginal processes on ABD TERG 4 and 5 pigmented so that there are 4 black
spots
…..Monelliopsis
quadrimaculata
19
Hind femur with a black spot on
ventral side near apex (fig. 33G).
ABD TERG 2-5 with spinal and pleural hairs on raised sclerites forming
transverse rows of dark spots. Embryos with spinal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 long
enough to overlap when directed towards one another (fig. 34A)
…..Monelliopsis
nigropunctata
–
Hind femur without a black spot
near apex. ABD TERG 2-5 with duplicated spinal hairs on pale raised
sclerites. Embryos with spinal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 too short to overlap
when directed towards one another (as in fig. 34B)
…..Monelliopsis pallida
20
Cauda rounded. Dorsum with numerous long fine hairs, never with long processes. SIPH on broad cones ringed with long hairs (fig. 52G). Antennae of both alata and aptera are 5-segmented
…..Kurisakia onigurumii (or ailanthi?)
–
Cauda knobbed. Dorsum of aptera
with or without numerous long processes, each tipped with a single bristle
(e.g. fig. 52F),
never with long fine hairs. Antennae very short and apparently 3-segmented.
SIPH as small, inconspicuous rings
…..21
21
Body of aptera domed,
with numerous sausage-shaped dorsal processes, the longest of them of similar
length to antennae
…..Dasyaphis
rhusae
–
Body of aptera dorso-ventrally flattened, cimiciform. Dorsal processes often undeveloped., if present then finger-like and at most 0.6-0.7 × length of antennae