Cauda very broadly rounded, so that it is hardly evident
…..2
–
Cauda evident, tongue- or finger-shaped
…..4
2
SIPH tubular, imbricated. ANT III with rhinaria. Dorsal abdomen with a
large black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 3-6, but with ABD TERG 7 and 8
unsclerotised
…..Macchiatiella itadori
–
SIPH
very short, conical, smooth surfaced. ANT III without rhinaria. Dorsal
abdomen usually with dark sclerotic bars on ABD TERG 6-8, and sometimes with
dark markings anterior to siphunculi, but without a large black central
sclerite
…..3
3
ANT 5- or 6-segmented, only 0.24-0.38 mm long, 0.17-0.28 × BL. Spinal
hairs on ABD TERG 6 and 7 are pointed, 25-44 mm long, similar to those on ABD TERG 8. If dark sclerotic bars are
present then these are on ABD TERG 6-8 only
…..Brachycaudus amygdalinus
–
ANT
usually 6-segmented, 0.49-0.95 mm long, 0.33-0.48 × BL. Spinal hairs on ABD
TERG 6 and 7 are 10-15 mm
long, much shorter than those on ABD TERG 8. If dark dorsal sclerotic bars
are present then they are on ABD TERG 5 as well as 6-8, and often there are
irregular dark sclerites on more anterior segments
…..Brachycaudus rumexicolens
4
ANT
tubercles well developed, projecting well beyond middle part of front of head
in dorsal view. No marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..5
–
ANT tubercles weakly
developed, not or hardly projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal
view. MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..11
5
Head spiculose or nodulose. ANT tubercles with inner faces rough and
steep-sided, parallel or apically convergent
…..6
–
Head
without numerous spicules or nodules (sometimes with a few spicules
ventrally). ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and divergent
…..7
6
ANT III with 6-8 rhinaria. First tarsal segments with 4-4-4 hairs.
SIPH slightly swollen, with 2-5 rows of subapical transverse striae and/or
polygonal reticulation (Fig.28a)
…..Anaulacorthum fagopyri
–
ANT III with 0-2 (-4) rhinaria. First tarsal segments with 3-3-3 or
3-3-2 hairs. SIPH if slightly swollen then without subapical striae or
reticulation `
SIPH without any polygonal
reticulation. Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 3 very short with very blunt or
incrassate apices, maximally 6-15 mm
long, 0.2-0.3 × BD III. Dorsal cuticle sclerotic, wrinkled or variolate
…..Acyrthosiphon rubi
–
SIPH
with several subapical rows of polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III and
ABD TERG 3 with blunt or pointed apices, the longest of them at least 0.5 ×
BDIII. Dorsal cuticle mainly membranous
…..8
8
SIPH reticulated over at least distal 0.25 of length. Dorsal abdominal
hairs arising from small dark scleroites. Postsiphuncular sclerites present.
ANT III with 27-80 rhinaria distributed over most of length
…..9
–
SIPH
with reticulation over distal 0.13-0.20 of length. Dorsal abdominal hairs not
arising from dark scleroites. Postsiphuncular sclerites absent. ANT III with
1-13 rhinaria, restricted to basal part
…..10
9
SIPH about 2 × the similarly dark cauda. ANT III mainly dark with
60-80 rhinaria. No antesiphuncular sclerites
…..Uroleucon compositae
–
SIPH about 1.3-1.5 × the
much paler cauda. ANT III mainly pale
with 23-34 rhinaria. Large, crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present
(Fig.28b)
…..Uroleucon fagopyri
10
BL
more than 4 mm. SIPH dark. Cauda thick (3 or more × thicker than diameter of
SIPH at their respective midpoints), with 11-16 hairs
…..Macrosiphum fagopyri
–
BL
2-4 mm. SIPH pale, sometimes darker distally. Cauda thinner (less than 2.5 ×
diameter of SIPH at their respective midpoints), with 8-12 hairs
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
11
ANT
PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. (Al. with 28-32 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 12-15 on IV and 2-5 on V)
…..Aphis
neopolygoni*
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.9-5.0. (Al. with 2-33 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0-5
on IV and 0 on V)
Apt. with margins of body flattened and
coarsely serrate like the teeth of a circular saw, each “tooth”
with a backwardly-directed point bearing a minute hair (fig. 47A).
Rostrum and antennae both not exceeding 0.2 mm in length
…..Platyaphis
fagi
–
If apt. occur then they are without
flattened, serrate margin to body, and the rostrum and antennae both exceed
0.2 mm in length
…..2
2
SIPH much longer than wide (tubular) and
clothed densely with long hairs
…..3
–
SIPH if tubular then without hairs
…..4
3
SIPH of apt. pale brown and markedly
swollen (club-shaped), and those of al. slightly but distinctly swollen on
distal half
…..Mollitrichosiphum tumorisiphum
–
SIPH of apt. (and al.) dark brown
and cylindrical, or with only slight swelling of basal half
…..Mollitrichosiphum nandii
4
Antennae densely hairy, with length of
hairs mostly equal to or exceeding basal diameter of ANT III. SIPH on broad
dark hairy cones
…..5
–
Antennae with sparse, short hairs. SIPH if
present then not as broad dark hairy cones
…..7
5
Rostrum longer than body. HT II
nearly twice as long as segment II of fore- and mid-tarsi
…..Stomaphis
fagi
–
Rostrum much shorter than body. HT
II only a little longer than segment II of fore- and mid-tarsi
…..6
6
ANT VI BASE about 3 × longer than
wide. Forewings of alata uniformly fuscous, with pterostigma extending around
tip of wing. BL more than 4.7 mm
…..Longistigma
caryae
–
ANT VI short and stubby, its base
less than 2 × longer than wide. Forewings of alata maculate, with pterostigma
not extending to tip of wing. BL usually less than 4.5 mm
…..Lachnus pallipes
7
Apterae with facetted wax glands.
Alatae with secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V or III-VI, media unbranched or
once-branched, and a broadly rounded cauda
…..8
–
Apterae (if produced) with wax glands
comprising groups of ring-shaped pores (fig. 47E).
Alatae with secondary rhinaria only on ANT III, a twice-branched media and a
knobbed cauda
…..9
8
Apterae (fundatrices) with 4-segmented
antennae and circular groups of wax pore plates on all segments, each with
large central facets surrounded by very much smaller marginal ones (fig. 47B).
SIPH absent. Forewing of alata with an unbranched media
…..Grylloprociphilus imbricator
–
Apterae with 6-segmented antennae, wax
pore plates smaller and usually comprising a ring of large facets around a
central area which may be divided into small cells (fig. 47C).
SIPH present as partly sclerotized rings with surrounding hairs. Forewing of
alata with a once-branched media
…..Eriosoma crataegi
9
All viviparae alate. ANT PT/BASE about 1.
Dorsal abdomen of alata pale. SIPH as pale, truncate cones
…..Mesocallis
fagicola
–
Viviparae apterous or alate. ANT
PT/BASE less than 0.25 (fig. 47D).
Dorsal abdomen of alata pale or with variably developed transverse bars and
pigmented marginal sclerites bearing numerous wax pores (fig. 47E). SIPH
pore-like
…..10
10
[Separation of the three Phyllaphis spp. mostly follows Quednau (2010).] Aptera with ANT I and II relatively stout and almost equal in length. Bases of hairs on ABD TERG 8 surrounded by wax gland pores in form of double-contoured rings. Alata with dark head and thorax, legs mostly dark, and in spring with dark dorsal abdominal cross-bands
…..Phyllaphis fagi
–
Aptera with ANT II and sometimes ANT I relatively slender, with ANT II 1.2 or more × longer than ANT I. Bases of hairs on ABD TERG 8 surrounded by wax gland pores in form of cribriform discs. Alata (fagifoliae) withhead and prothorax pale, legs pale with knees infuscated, and without dorsal abdominal cross-bands (alata of grandifoliae unknown)
…..11
11
Aptera with ANT II 1.5-2.0 × longer than ANT I. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs that are 42-65 μm long. Cauda large and rounded, with 4 or more hairs
…..Phyllaphis fagifoliae
–
Aptera with ANT II 1.2-1.5 × longer
than ANT I. ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs that are 26-42 μm long. Cauda
small, rounded or weakly knobbed, with 2 hairs
Cauda pale, tapering to a point and bearing 5-7 hairs. All hairs on body
and appendages very small and inconspicuous. ANT with sec. rhinaria. ABD TERG
1-5 with flat round marginal tubercles (MTu) (but not on 7), and paired
spinal tubercles (STu) also often present
Key to apterae on Fallopia (incl. Bilderdykia and Reynoutria):-
1
Cauda broadly rounded, not evident. ANT III with rhinaria, and dorsal abdomen
with a large black central sclerite
…..Macchiatiella itadori
–
Cauda
tongue- or finger-like. If ANT III has rhinaria then dorsal abdomen has no
black central sclerite
…..2
2
SIPH with polygonal reticulation on subapical 0.1-0.2 of length
…..3
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation
…..4
3
SIPH mainly dark, paler at base. ANT PT/BASE 6-8. ANT BASE VI 1.4-1.6
× R IV+V. Cauda with 7 hairs
…..Macrosiphum venafuscae
–
SIPH pale, sometimes
darker towards apices. ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.2. ANT BASE VI 0.9-1.3 × R IV+V.
Cauda with 8-14 hairs
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
4
Head spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..5
–
Head without spicules, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7
with MTu
…..7
5
SIPH tapering or cylindrical, 2.1-2.5 × cauda
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH slightly to moderately swollen on distal half, 1.6-2.2 × cauda
…..6
6
Head and ANT I and II dark, ANT III with 1-2 rhinaria near base. Legs
mostly dark
…..Pseudomegoura magnoliae
–
Head and ANT I – II pale, ANT III without rhinaria. Legs mainly pale
…..Myzus persicae
7
MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well
as 1 and 7. ABD TERG 8 with 4-5 hairs on a transverse sclerotic bar. SIPH 0.25-0.38
mm long. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.5. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 × BD III.
Cauda usually paler than SIPH and bearing 7-9 hairs
…..Aphis ichigo
–
MTu
only irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-5. ABD TERG 8 usually with only 2
hairs, and other characters not in that combination
…..8
8
SIPH and cauda both black, with SIPH usually at least 1.8 × cauda, and
no dark dorsal abdominal shield
…..9
–
Either SIPH and cauda are not both black, or SIPH are less than 1.8 × cauda, or there is an extensive black dorsal shield (go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24)
…..polyphagous Aphis spp.
9
SIPH thick, with even the distal part thicker than hind tibia at midlength.
Anterior part of subgenital plate with 2 hairs
…..Aphis nerii
–
SIPH distally as thin as or thinner than hind tibia at midlength.
Anterior part of subgenital plate with 4-6 hairs
R IV+V 1.35-1.7 × HT II, with 2-4 accessory hairs. SIPH and cauda both
entirely dark, the latter bearing 9-18 hairs. Marginal tubercles (MTu)
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and frequently on 2-4. Apterae often alatiform,
with up to 19 secondary rhinaria on ANT III
Head without spicules. ANT tubercles undeveloped or variously
developed
…..6
6
SIPH small and thin, 0.5-0.6 × cauda, flangeless (Fig.41d). Well-developed
flat marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on prothorax and ABD TERG 2-5,
mostly much larger than spiracular apertures, and spinal tubercles (STu)
usually present on ABD TERG 5-7
…..Semiaphis
horvathi
–
SIPH c.0.6-3.6 × cauda, with or without a flange. MTu if present on
ABD TERG 2-5 then much smaller, and STu usually absent
…..7
7
ANT PT/BASE c.0.6. SIPH c.0.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..Brachyunguis peucedani* (or flexosiphon*?)
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-4.6, SIPH 0.6-3.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or
without MTu
…..8
8
ANT III with 1-4 rhinaria near base. ANT tubercles well developed.
SIPH pale, tapering/ cylindrical, without subapical polygonal reticulation,
1.7-2.3 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
……Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
ANT
III without rhinaria (unless SIPH have subapical polygonal reticulation), and
other characters not in that combination
…..9
9
SIPH not at all swollen, 0.8-2.5 × cauda, which bears 4-24 hairs. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with MTu (or if not then SIPH with subapical polygonal
reticulation). Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-1.5 × BD III
SIPH
swollen basally, 0.6-0.8 × cauda, or clavate and 0.9-1.2 × cauda, which bears
6-7 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Longest hairs on ANT III less than
0.4 × BD III
…..10
10
SIPH
clavate, 1.7-3.2 × R IV+V, 1.6-2.8 × HT II and 0.9-1.2 × cauda
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
SIPH swollen basally, 0.95-1.7 × R IV+V, 0.9-1.35 × HT II and 0.6-0.8
× cauda
…..11
11
SIPH
1.25-1.35 × HT II and 1.2-1.7 × R IV+V
…..Hyadaphis galaganiae*
–
SIPH 0.90-1.27 × HT II and 0.95-1.47 × R IV+V
…..Hyadaphis
coriandri
12
SIPH
ornamented with blunt spinules, arranged in closely-spaced transverse rows.
Cauda with 9-20 hairs
…..13
–
SIPH with normal imbrication. Cauda with 5-8 hairs
…..16
13
SIPH
0.18-0.28 mm long, 1.9-3.7 × their middle widths. (Al. with 70-105 sec.
rhinaria on ANT III, 8-42 on IV and 0-10 on V)
…..14
–
SIPH 0.10-0.19 mm long, 1.3-2.2 × their middle widths. (Al. with 29-72
sec. rhinaria on ANT III, 0-13 on IV and 0-2 on V)
…..15
14
Marginal tubercles
(MTu) and usually also spinal tubercles (STu), present on all of ABD TERG 1-7
…..Anuraphis subterranea
–
MTu and STu usually only on ABD TERG 1-5, rarely
on 6, and never on 7
….. Anuraphis pyrilaseri
15
Marginal
tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5, but absent from ABD TERG
6 and 7. Spinal tubercles (STu)
regularly present on ABD TERG 1-5. (Al. with 29-43 secondary rhinaria on ANT
III, 0 on IV and V)
…..Anuraphis ferulae*
–
MTu present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-7. STu small
and often absent from ABD TERG 3-5. (Al. with 37-72 sec. rhinaria on ANT III,
6-13 on IV and 0-2 on V)
…..Anuraphis cachryos
16
R
IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II. STu present on head and all ABD TERG, except sometimes
3 and 4. MTu on ABD TERG 7 as well as 1-5. SIPH coarsely imbricated
…..Dysaphis tschildarensis*
–
R
IV+V less than 1.4 × HT II. STu at most present on head and ABD TERG 7-8 or
8. MTu on ABD TERG 1-5 only, or sometimes also on 7. SIPH only moderately
imbricated
…..17
17
Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-2.1 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.3
…..Dysaphis
foeniculus group (including ferulae, mirabilis, tadzhikistanica)
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.9 × BD III. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.1
…..18
18
Longest
marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 2.0-2.5 × BD III
…..Dysaphis hissarica*
–
Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 0.4-1.0 × ANT BD III
…..19
19
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter0.24-0.56 (rarely more
than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8
is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently with
marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter0.42-1.0 (rarely less
than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8
is 25-80 μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 rarely with MTu
(The
separation of Reticulaphis spp. is based on work of Yeh et al., 2008.)
1
Aptera aleyrodiform or coccidiform, with
sclerotic dorsum, eyes of only 3 facets and short, at most 3-segmented,
antennae. Head, thorax and ABD TERG 1 combined to form prosoma, and ABD TERG
2-7 reduced and combined to form “abdominal plate”. Alata with annular
rhinaria on the antenna and an unbranched or once-branched media in the
forewing
…..2
–
Aptera of the normal aphid form,
eyes multi-facetted and antennae 5- or 6-segmented. Alata with circular or
oval antennal rhinaria and forewing with once- or twice branched media
…..10
2
Aptera with SIPH, and with dorsal cuticle
densely covered with transparent “pustules” (fig. 48A).
Marginal hairs with acute apices
…..Nipponaphis
ficicola
–
Aptera without SIPH, and with dorsal
cuticle very dark, heavily sclerotic and reticulated (fig.48C). Marginal
hairs with acute, blunt, serrate or fan-shaped apices
…..3
3
Marginal hairs thin with distinctly
acute apices, not strongly curved to rear
…..4
–
Marginal hairs with blunt, serrate or
fan-shaped apices, or inconspicuous, or if with acute apices then hairs
are basally thick and strongly curved backwards
…..5
4
Body nearly round, 1.16-1.30 times as
long as wide. Prosomal spinal hairs
stout, with 2 between eyes, 2(-3) on pronotum, 2(-3) on mesonotum, 2 on
metanotum, 2 on ABD TERG 1. Pleural regions of prosoma sometimes distinctly
expanded
…..Reticulaphis
distylii
–
Body broadly elliptical, 1.25-1.42
times as long as wide. Prosomal spinal hairs fine, with 3-4 between eyes, 3-4
on pronotum, 4-6 on mesonotum, 3-5 on metanotum, 2-4 on ABD TERG 1. Pleural
regions of prosoma not expanded
…..Reticulaphis
fici
5
Marginal hairs stout with blunt
apices. Dorsal hairs between eyes thick, blunt and flattened, with rounded
apices (fig.
48B), almost as long as marginal hairs
…..Reticulaphis mirabilis
–
Marginal hairs with acute, blunt,
frayed, serrate or fan-shaped apices, or inconspicuous. Dorsal hairs between
eyes fine, inconspicuous, distinctly shorter than marginal hairs
…..6
6
Body elliptical, 1.4-2.0 times as long
as its maximum width; if less than 1.5 times long as wide then marginal setae have acute
or blunt apices and the dorsum usually has 4 well-defined swollen sections
…..7
–
Body broadly ovate, 1.1-1.4 times as
long as its maximum width. Marginal hairs if apparent then with fan-shaped or
serrate apices
…..9
7
Pleural regions of prosoma strongly
expanded laterally as irregularly-shaped lobes. Middle as well as hind legs
visible in dorsal view. Marginal hairs short and inconspicuous
…..Reticulaphis asymmetrica*
–
Pleural regions of prosoma not
expanded laterally. Only hind legs visible in dorsal view. Marginal hairs
long, curved or bent backwards, with acute, blunt, fan-shaped or serrate
apices
…..8
8
Body about 1.5 times as long as wide,
with marginal hairs having blunt or acute apices. Prosoma with 4 well-defined
raised areas corresponding to head + pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and ABD
TERG 1
…..Reticulaphis
inflata*
–
Body about 1.8 times as long as wide,
with marginal hairs having serrate or fan-shaped apices. Prosoma without
well-defined raised areas
…..Reticulaphis
foveolatae
9
Body widest at position anterior to
midlength, with submarginal furrows corresponding to positions of legs.
Marginal hairs short and thick, with fan-shaped apices
…..Reticulaphis septica*
–
Body widest just behind midlength,
without evident submarginal furrows. Marginal hairs longer and thinner with
fan-shaped or serrate apices
…..Reticulaphis
rotifera
10
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH as pores on dark hairy cones
…..Lachnus fici*
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH tubular
…..11
11
SIPH covered with long hairs
…..12
–
SIPH without hairs
…..14
12
SIPH of aptera reticulated only at the base, and rather densely spinulose over most of length (fig. 48D). (Alata with 18-26 secondary rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Greenidea psidii
–
SIPH of aptera reticulated
over most of length, spinulose only on distal part (fig. 48E)
…..13
13
SIPH of aptera longer than hind tibiae and a little more than 0.5 × BL. Alata with 28-35 secondary rhinaria on ANT III
…..Greenidea artocarpi
–
SIPH of aptera usually a little
shorter than hind tibiae and clearly less than 0.5 × BL. Alata with 12-22
secondary rhinaria on ANT III
…..Greenidea
ficicola
14
ANT I of aptera very broad, with a finger-like distal projection, extending beyond apex of ANT II and bearing short, capitate hairs (fig. 48F)
…..Matsumuraja calorai
–
ANT I without a finger-like projection
…..15
15
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..16
–
SIPH without any polygonal reticulation
…..17
16
Aptera with SIPH usually uniformly dark, and dorsal abdomen often with a pattern of dark segmental markings. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II. Alata with 4-14 secondary rhinaria mostly concentrated on basal half of ANT III
…..Sitobion africanum
–
Aptera with SIPH often pale at base, and
dorsal abdomen without dark markings. R IV+V 0.95-1.15 × HT II. Alata with
14-18 secondary rhinaria in spaced-out row along most of ANT III
…..Sitobion
halli
17
Antennae always 5-segmented, in both apterae and alatae
…..Aphis kachkoulii
–
Antennae 6-segmented (except sometimes in
small apterae of Aphis gossypii)
…..18
18
Stridulatory apparatus present, comprising stridulatory ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6 and evenly-spaced peg-like hairs on the hind tibiae
…..19
–
Stridulatory ridges on abdominal sternites
5 and 6 absent, and usually there are no evenly-spaced peg-like hairs on
hind tibiae
Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). Hairs on ANT III of aptera mostly longer than basal diameter of segment. Alata with forewing media usually twice-branched
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus
–
Cauda with 7-26 hairs (rarely more than
20). Hairs on ANT III of aptera mostly shorter than basal diameter of
segment. Alata with forewing media usually once-branched
…..21
21
Alata with 12-18 large and small secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 3-6 on ANT IV and 0-2 on ANT V (fig. 48G). ANT PT/BASE often less than 3.5 in aptera, and often less than 3.75 in alata
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) schlingeri
–
Alata with
2-9 (-10) more evenly-sized secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0 (-3) on ANT IV,
0 on ANT V (fig. 48H). ANT PT/BASE greater than 3.5 in aptera, greater than
3.75 in alata
Aphis craccivora; [Macrosiphum filaginis (nomen
nudum)]
Key to apterae on Filago:-
1
SIPH absent. ANT about 0.2 × BL, with PT/BASE 0.17-0.20. ABD TERG 3-7
with wax gland plates
…..Pemphigus populinigrae
–
SIPH present, ANT more than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 0.5. No
wax gland plates
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs with fan-shaped apices. SIPH long and thin. ANT PT/BASE
4.8-6.9. R IV+V short, stiletto-shaped, with a pair of very long accessory
hairs near base
…..Pleotrichophorus filaginis
–
Dorsal
hairs blunt or pointed. SIPH not long and thin. ANT PT/BASE less than 3. R
IV+V blunt-tipped, without very long accessory hairs
…..3
3
Cauda helmet-shaped or rounded, a little shorter than its basal width.
Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..4
–
Cauda
tongue- or finger-shaped, distinctly longer
than its basal width. Spiracular apertures small and reniform
…..5
4
Abdomen without extensive
dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.9-1.5 × cauda. Mesosternum without
mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Abdomen with a extensive
dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with
a pair of dark mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus cardui
5
Dorsal abdomen with a solid black sclerotic shield
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal
abdomen without a solid black shield
…..6
6
SIPH similar in length to HT II. ANT PT/BASE about equal to or less
than 1
…..Aphis filaginea*
–
SIPH much longer than HT II. ANT PT/BASE more than 2
…..Aphis frangulae
7
SIPH uniformly dark, cauda pale or dusky
…..Aphis frangulae (or gossypii)
–
SIPH and cauda both pale (SIPH may be dark-tipped), or both black
Medium-sized to large, broadly spindle-shaped aphids with
well-developed ANT tubercles and ANT as long as or longer than BL. ABD TERG 1
and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
Oval aphids with weakly developed ANT tubercles and ANT shorter than
BL. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
…..5
2
SIPH cylindrical on distal part
…..3
–
SIPH markedly clavate
…..4
3
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5
rows of closed cells). Hairs on ANT III 0.8-1.2 × BD III. ANT III with 2-10
rhinaria
…..Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi
–
SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. ANT
III with 0-2 (rarely -4) rhinaria
…..Aulacorthum solani
4
R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II, and bearing 8-10 accessory hairs. ANT
tubercles each bearing 5-8 hairs, the longest of them longer than BD III
…..Amphorophora gei
–
R
IV+V 0.95-1.05 × HT II, and bearing 4-6 accessory hairs. ANT tubercles each
bearing 2-3 hairs, none of them longer than BD III
…..Amphorophora filipendulae
5
Cauda with only 2-4 very short, blunt hairs
…..Aphis nudicauda
–
Cauda
with 4-24 long pointed hairs
…..6
6
Hind femora mainly or wholly dark. Cauda with 7-24 hairs
…..7
–
Hind femora pale on at least basal half. Cauda with 4-17 hairs
…..8
7
All femora mainly or wholly dark.Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark sclerotisation anterior to
siphunculi. R IV+V 0.65-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda
…..Aphis spiraephaga
–
Fore femora paler thanmid
and hind femora. Dorsal abdomen usually only with dark inter-segmental
sclerites anterior to siphunculi. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.8 ×
cauda
…..Aphis fabae
8
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive dark sclerotic shield
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal
abdomen without extensive sclerotisation
…..9
9
Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-8 hairs
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda and SIPH similarly pigmented, cauda bearing 6-17 hairs
…..10
10
Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is (1.3-)
1.7-2.8 × height of marginal tubercle (MTu) on same segment. SIPH 1.1-2.2 ×
cauda
…..Aphis ulmariae
–
Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is 1.1-1.4 × height of marginal tubercle
(MTu) on same segment. SIPH 0.8-1.7 × cauda
ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting
process above cauda; in some species this is reduced to a small, warty, knob
in the centre of ABD TERG 8, with 2 associated hairs (Figs 10f-i)
…..Cavariella spp.; use couplets 2-14 of
key to apterae on Angelica
–
No supracaudal process, nor are there 2
hairs on ABD TERG 8 close together and associated with a warty knob
…..2
2
Body bearing numerous long thick hairs, c. 130 μm long, more than
0.5 × SIPH
……Swirskiaphis polychaeta
–
Body with much shorter, thin hairs
…..3
3
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..4
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width
…..7
4
SIPH smooth, pale, about as long as cauda. No dorsal abdominal
markings. No spinal tubercles (STu) on head or ABD TERG 8. Spiracular
apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH
imbricated, dark, longer than cauda. Dark dorsal abdominal markings present.
STu often present on head and ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8. Spiracular apertures
reniform
…..5
5
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.7 × BD III. MTu often present on ABD
TERG 7. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.2
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
Longest
hairs on ANT III 0.8-2.3 × BD III. MTu rarely present on ABD TERG 7. ANT
PT/BASE 2.0-3.5
…..6
6
SIPH 0.17-0.29 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III26-58 μm long, 1.25-2.3 × BD III. R IV+V 0.16-0.19 mm
…..Dysaphis lauberti
–
SIPH
0.10-0.15 mm. Longest hairs on ANT III 18-25 μm long, 0.8-1.2(-1.6) × BD
III. R IV+V 0.13-0.16 mm
…..Dysaphis foeniculus
7
SIPH very small and flangeless, less than 0.5 × cauda, with aperture
slanted towards midline
…..Semiaphis heraclei
–
SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, with a flange
…..8
8
ANT less than 0.5 × BL. SIPH 0.6-1.4 × cauda, and somewhat swollen
either at base or on distal half
…..9
–
ANT
0.5-1.2 × BL. SIPH 0.8-3.3 × cauda; if less than 1.9 × cauda then they are
not at all swollen
…..11
9
SIPH 0.6-0.82 × cauda, 0.9-1.6 × R IV+V and
1.6-2.7 × their minimum diameter on basal half
…..Hyadaphis
coriandri
–
SIPH 0.85-1.4 × cauda, 1.7-3.1 × R IV+V and 3.1-5.1 × longer than their
minimum diameter on basal half
…..10
10
Prosternal sclerite 1.36-2.6 × wider than long,
often convex posteriorly. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda (Al. often with sec. rhinaria
on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
Prosternal sclerite 2.2-3.6 × wider than long,
its posterior margin often straight. SIPH 0.85-1.2 × cauda. (Al. rarely with
sec. rhinaria on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis passerinii
11
ABD
TERG 2-4(-5, 6) as well as 1 and 7 with evident dome-shaped marginal tubercles
(MTu). Hairs on dorsal body and appendages only 7-20 μm long
…..Aphis ?lambersi (Italy, BMNH collection)
–
ABD TERG 2-6 only
sporadically with small MTu, and if ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu then some hairs
on dorsal body and appendages are longer than 20 μm
(but
note that specimens running to Aphis
gossypii could be A. foeniculivora,
which has ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.5, compared with 1.8-2.8 in most populations
of A.
gossypii)
Key to apterae on Forsythia (except
couplets 1-2 which can be applied to alatae):-
1
Wax pore plates present.
SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. (Spring colonies of fundatrices with
all progeny large alatae, emerging from leaf nests in spring)
…..2
–
No discrete wax glands.
SIPH present. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5
…..3
2
Al. (progeny of fundatrix) with at least 4 sec. rhin. on ANT V …..Prociphilus oriens
–
Al. (progeny of fundatrix) with 0-2 sec. rhin. on ANT V …..Prociphilus americanus
3
SIPH more than 5 × cauda which is rounded and shorter than its basal
width. ANT III with 3-9 rhinaria. (Al. with more than 100 rhinaria on ANT
III)
…..Amphicercidus forsythiae
–
SIPH less than 3 × cauda which is conical or tongue-shaped, longer
than its basal width. ANT III with or without rhinaria. (Al. with much fewer
rhinaria on ANT III)
(For an illustrated key to aphids on cultivated strawberry see
Blackman & Eastop, 2000.)
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes with only 3 facets. SIPH as pores or
absent
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular
…..3
2
Wax
gland plates present on thorax and abdomen. SIPH as raised pores with
sclerotic rims and surrounding hairs. ANT II much shorter than ANT III
…..Eriosoma sp.
–
No
wax gland plates. SIPH absent. ANT II elongate, about 2 × ANT I and similar
in length to ANT III
…..Smynthurodes betae
3
Dorsal body with at least some of hairs thick, long, with capitate
apices, and arising from tuberculate bases
…..4
–
Dorsal
body hairs blunt, pointed, or if expanded apically then short and without
tuberculate bases
…..9
4
ANT I with a long finger-like hair-bearing process on inner side,
about as long as or longer than ANT II
…..5
–
ANT I without a finger-like process
…..7
5
Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising from tubercular processes shorter
than or not much longer than their basal widths
…..Matsumuraja formosana*
–
Dorsal abdomen with at least the spinal capitate hairs arising from
large paired finger-like processes, maximally 120-240 μm long, much
longer than the hairs borne upon them
…..6
6
Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with paired
marginal process similar in length to the spinal ones (Fig.47a)
…..Matsumuraja rubicola
–
Thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 with marginal hairs arising from conical
tuberculate bases shorter than or hardly longer than the hairs borne upon
them (Fig.47b)
…..Matsumuraja rubi
7
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 usually all minute, rarely with some rather long
and capitate spinal hairs, but never with long marginal ones
…..Chaetosiphon minor
–
At least 4 long capitate hairs (2 spinal, 2 marginal) on each of ABD
TERG 1-5
…..8
8
Dorsal abdomen pigmented dark brown
…..Chaetosiphon jacobi
–
Dorsal abdomen pale
…..Chaetosiphon fragaefolii
9
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5
rows of closed cells)
…..10
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation
…..16
10
SIPH
dark and with a greatly inflated, balloon-like middle section
…..Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon
–
SIPH
not inflated
…..11
11
Longest
hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.55 × BD III. ANT III with 1-4 very small rhinaria. ANT
tubercles rather low, and median frontal tubercle distinctly developed
…..12
–
Longest
hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.3 × BD III. ANT III with 1-35 rhinaria of various
sizes. ANT tubercles well developed, median frontal tubercle undeveloped
…..13
12
SIPH
1.8-2.7 × cauda, which has a blunt, rounded apex. Femora pale or only dusky
at apices. ANT III-VI pale except at apices of segments
…..Sitobion fragariae
–
SIPH
1.4-1.9 × cauda, which has a pointed apex. Femora with dark distal section.
ANT III-VI entirely dark, or pale only at base of III
…..Sitobion akebiae
13
Front
of head pale, SIPH pale or dusky only towards apices
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
–
Front of head dusky or dark, SIPH dark, or pale only at bases
…..14
14
Caudadark
…..Macrosiphum pechumani
–
Cauda pale
…..15
15
Head
as dark as SIPH. Hind tibiae with paler middle sections
…..Macrosiphum rosae
–
Head dusky, paler than SIPH. Hind tibiae wholly dark …..Macrosiphum pallidum
16
Median part of front of head between ANT bases forming a prominent,
quadrate, very rugose projection, bearing a pair of hairs. Dorsum coarsely
pitted all over. ANT PT/BASE 1.25-1.75
…..Myzaphis rosarum
–
Front
of head without a quadrate projection. Dorsum smooth, wrinkled or pitted. ANT
PT/BASE usually more than 1.75
…..17
17
ANT
tubercles moderately to well developed, projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal
view; if rather low then cuticle of head has spicules or nodules
…..18
–
ANT tubercles weakly developed, cuticle of head without spicules or
nodules
…..36
18
SIPH
clavate, i.e. slightly to considerably swollen on distal 0.5-0.7 of length
…..19
–
SIPH
cylindrical or tapering over most of length (although there may be slight
subapical swelling)
…..25
19
ANT
tubercles very well developed, with inner faces that are divergent and almost
smooth, and bear long hairs. BL usually more than 2.5
…..Amphorophora rubi
–
ANT
tubercles steep-sided, rounded apically, with numerous spinules and/or
nodules, and usually bearing rather short blunt hairs. BL less than 2.5
…..20
20
ANT
III with 1-4 secondary rhinaria near base
…..21
–
ANT III without secondary rhinaria
…..22
21
SIPH
considerably swollen over about distal 0.7 of length, smooth-surfaced, with
maximum diameter of swollen part 1.5-2.1 × minimum diameter basad. R IV+V
1.1-1.3 × HT II. Cauda short, triangular
…..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae
–
SIPH
swollen over 0.5-0.6 of length, with maximum diameter less than 1.5 × minimum
diameter basad. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II. Cauda tongue-shaped …..Paramyzus longirostris
22
Hairs
on ANT tubercles much longer than those on ANT III; 0.8-1.0 × BD III
…..Hyalomyzus fragaricola
–
Hairs on ANT tubercles very short and blunt, similar to those on ANT
III; 0.2-0.75 × BD III
…..23
23
SIPH
0.9-1.34 × ANT III. Inner faces of ANT tubercles convergent apically
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH 0.54-0.81 × ANT III. Inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or
convergent
…..24
24
Inner
faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost
smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at
midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled
…..Myzus ascalonicus
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. SIPH heavily
imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part of stem a little wider than hind tibia at midlength.
Dorsal cuticle scaly
…..Myzus cymbalariae
25
ANT tubercles well developed with inner faces smooth, bearing hairs
0.6-1.1 × BD III
…..26
–
ANT tubercles with inner faces scabrous and bearing hairs 0.2-0.8 × BD
III
…..30
26
SIPH
dark on at least basal part
…..27
–
SIPH pale
…..28
27
ANT
PT/BASE c.4.7. Dorsal hairs with
capitate apices
…..Acyrthosiphon capitellum*
–
ANT PT/BASE c.10.7(?). Dorsal hairs with furcate apices …..Acyrthosiphon fragum*
28
ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.1
…..Acyrthosiphon fragariaevescae*
–
ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.5
…..29
29
R
IV+V 0.87-1.13 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle rugose, papillate
…..Acyrthosiphon rubi
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled
…..Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. rogersii
30
ANT
III with 2-18 rather large rhinaria in a row, the sensoriated part being
quite dark
…..Rhodobium porosum
–
ANT III pale or dusky, without or with 1-4 very small rhinaria near
base
…..31
31
ANT
III with 1-4 small rhinaria near base (rarely one ANT with 0). ANT 1.1-1.5 ×
BL, with PT/BASE 4.0-5.5
…..32
–
ANT III without rhinaria. ANT 0.5-1.2 × BL, ANT PT/BASE 1.7-4.5
…..33
32
Dorsum
with a large black U-shaped patch, and broad dark cross bars or paired
patches on thorax. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × head width across (and including) eyes
…..Neomyzus
circumflexus
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH 1.0-1.35 × head width across eyes
…..Aulacorthum solani
33
Dorsum
with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation. ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsum
with or without more extensive dark sclerotisation. ANT 0.65-1.2 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE 2.5-4.5
…..34
34
SIPH slightly swollen subapically, and with a very small flange.
Prothorax with a pair of MTu. Dorsum with extensive sclerotisation, marked
with a fine dark reticulate pattern, the pigmented areas being segmentally
divided. Cauda triangular, less than 1.5 × its basal width
…..Abstrusomyzus valuliae
–
SIPH
not swollen subapically, with a small or large flange. No MTu on prothorax.
Dorsum membranous or with variably developed sclerotisation, not segmentally
divided and without a dark reticulate pattern. Cauda tongue-shaped, more than
1.8 × its basal width
…..35
35
SIPH
1.5-1.9 × cauda. R IV+V less than 0.12 mm, 0.8-1.1 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen
always pale and membranous
…..Ericaphis fimbriata
–
SIPH 2.0-2.7 × cauda. R IV+V usually more than 0.12 mm, 1.1-1.4 × HT
II. Dorsal abdomen sclerotic, usually with an ill-defined brown mid-dorsal
region of varying extent
…..Ericaphis wakibae
36
Cauda
helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. ABD TERG 7
without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..37
–
Cauda
tongue-shaped or bluntly triangular, longer or shorter than its basal width.
ABD TERG 7 with MTu
…..38
37
SIPH
only 0.03-0.08 mm long. Well-developed MTu usually present on ABD TERG 1-5.
Spiracular apertures reniform
…..Dysaphis microsiphon
–
SIPH
more than 0.08 mm long. Small MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 2-5.
Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
38
ANT
5-segmented, with PT/BASE 4.5-6.0. Dorsal abdomen with paired spinal and
marginal rows of pigmented sclerites bearing long, blunt hairs that are 2-3 ×
longer than ANT BD III. Cauda pale
…..Aphis ichigocola
–
ANT
5- or 6-segmented, with PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. Dorsal abdomen with shorter hairs
not arising from longitudinal rows of pigmented sclerites. Cauda pale or dark
Fraxinus
species are primary or only hosts for several members of the pemphigid genus Prociphilus,
the spring generations of which form leaf nests. Only the alatae produced by
these leaf nest colonies are keyed here. Of the other aphids described or
recorded from Fraxinus, only one (Myzus beybienkoi) has been
collected more than once. The others are not included in the key and are
indicated by square brackets in the following list:-
Fraxinus americana
White Ash
[Phylloxera fraxini Stebbins 1910 – nomen
nudum];
Prociphilus
americanus, fraxinifolii, oriens, pergandei,
Prociphilus
americanus, bumeliae, fraxini, fraxinifolii,
probosceus
F. platypoda
Prociphilus oriens
F. potamophila
=
F. sogdiana
F. quadrangulata
Prociphilus
fraxinifolii
F. raibocarpa
Aphis craccivora
F. rhynchophylla
Prociphilus
oriens
F. rotundifolia =
F. angustifolia
F. sambucifolia = F. nigra
F. sieboldiana
Prociphilus
oriens
F. sogdiana
Myzus beybienkoi
F. spaethiana
=
F. platypoda
F. syriaca
Aphis
gossypii
F. uhdei
Prociphilus
fraxinifolii
F. velutina
Prociphilus
fraxinifolii, oriens
Fraxinussp.
[Prociphilus
cheni Tao 1970 (= oriens?)]
Key
to aphids on Fraxinus:-
1
SIPH tubular, slightly swollen. ANT
PT/BASE about 3. All antennal and dorsal body hairs short with expanded
apices. Alata with a black dorsal abdominal patch
…..Myzus beybienkoi
–
SIPH absent or only present as small
pores. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Antennal and body hairs of variable length,
finely pointed. (Alata with unpigmented abdomen)
…..2
2
Apterae in colonies at base of trunk or on
roots
…..3
–
Alatae emerging from leaf-nest galls in
spring or early summer
…..4
3
BL more than 4 mm. Rostrum distinctly
longer than body. R IV+V with about 50 accessory hairs
…..Prociphilus
probosceus
–
BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum very
short, R IV+V with 2(-4) accessory hairs
…..Prociphilus fraxinifolii
4
ANT VI BASE with secondary rhinaria
…..5
–
ANT VI BASE without secondary rhinaria
…..7
5
ANT VI BASE with 1-5
irregularly-shaped secondary rhinaria, differing from those on ANT III (fig. 49A)
…..Prociphilus
fraxinifolii
–
ANT VI BASE with 8-15 narrow transverse
secondary rhinaria like those on ANT III
….6
6
ANT II much longer than broad, with
more than 25 hairs. ANT BASE VI with 10-18 hairs (fig. 49B). R IV+V
with more than 10 accessory hairs. Head with a posterior dorsal pair of wax
pore plates that are larger than the ocelli (fig. 49D)
…..Prociphilus probosceus
–
ANT II not longer than broad, with
less than 10 hairs. ANT BASE VI with 3-6 hairs (fig. 49C), R IV+V with 4-8
accessory hairs. Head with dorsal wax pore plates absent or indistinct
…..Prociphilus pergandei
7
ANT V with 4-11 secondary rhinaria
…..8
–
ANT V with 0-2 secondary rhinaria
…..9
8
SIPH present as small pores
…..Prociphilus
formosanus
–
SIPH absent
…..Prociphilus
oriens
9
ANT III more than 5 × ANT II, as long
as or longer than ANT IV + V together. Head with a pair of posterior dorsal
wax pore plates, but without anterior dorsal wax pore plates
…..10
–
ANT III usually less than 5 × ANT
II, usually a little shorter than ANT IV + V together. Head with or without
anterior and posterior dorsal wax pore plates
…..11
10
Posterior dorsal wax pore platesconspicuous
as clearly defined pale areas much larger than ocelli (fig. 49E).
Secondary rhinaria transversely oval, distributed ANT III 16-24, IV 4-9
…..Prociphilus bumeliae
–
Posterior dorsal wax pore plates dark
and ill-defined, not much larger than ocelli. Secondary rhinaria almost
annular, distributed ANT III 26-32, IV 9-14
…..Prociphilus
emeiensis*
11
R IV+V 0.50-0.55 × HT II. Head usually with a pair of small clear anterior wax pore plates (fig. 49F). Embryos (inside mother’s abdomen) with spinal, pleural and marginal hairs all of similar length
…..Prociphilus fraxini
–
R IV+V
0.56-0.72 × HT II. Head usually without any anterior dorsal wax pore plates.
Embryos with only marginal hairs long, about 5 times longer than the
inconspicuous pleural and spinal hairs
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent …..Smynthurodes betae
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Eyes multifacetted. SIPH tubular
…..2
2
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) and R IV+V with 6-12 accessory hairs
…..3
–
Either ABD TERG 1 and 7 are without MTu or
R IV+V has only 2 accessory hairs
…..4
3
ABD TERG 2-6 bearing in total 1-10 MTu (rarely less than 3) …..Aphis grossulariae
–
ABD TERG 2-6 without MTu
…..Aphis oenotherae
4
ANT 0.5-0.6 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.7-3.0. Dorsal cuticle wrinkled or
warty, and SIPH coarsely imbricated, cylindrical or tapering
…..5
–
ANT more than 0.7 × BL, with PT/BASE 2.8-6.2 (if less than 3.0 then SIPH
slightly clavate). Dorsal cuticle not conspicuously wrinkled or warty. SIPH
moderately imbricated
SIPH black, without subapical polygonal reticulation, 0.09-0.23 × BL,
1.0-2.2 × the dark cauda. R IV+V 1.25-1.7 × HT II
…..Aphis fumanae
–
SIPH pale, with subapical polygonal reticulation, 0.25-0.35 × BL and 1.7-2.2 × the pale cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II (or try key to polyphagous aphids)
ANT PT/BASE less than 1.Hind
tarsi very elongate, more than 0.7 × hind tibiae, Body with dense short
hairs. SIPH as raised pores on shallow dark sclerotic cones
…..Protrama
radicis
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. Hind tarsi of
normal length. SIPH tubular
…..2
2
Cauda short, helmet-shaped and not longer than its basal width in
dorsal view
…..3
–
Cauda triangular, tongue-or
finger-shaped, longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..5
3
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black patch …..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen without a solid black
patch, at most with scattered dark markings
…..4
4
BL 0.9-2.0 mm. SIPH smooth, short and broad-based, 1.5-2.0
× their diameter at midlength. Spinal and marginal tubercles rare or absent
……Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
BL 2.1-3.0 mm. SIPH imbricated and
about 3 × their diameter at midlength. Numerous well-developed spinal and
marginal tubercles present
…..Dysaphis lappae ssp. cynarae
5
SIPH dark and with
reticulation (numerous small polygonal cells) over distal 0.15-0.26 of
length. Cauda dark, and bearing 22-34 hairs. ANT III with 16-54 rhinaria
…..6
–
If SIPH and cauda are both
dark then SIPH are without
polygonal reticulation and cauda is less hairy, or other characters do not
fully apply
…..7
6
R IV+V 0.23-0.26 mm long. ABD TERG 2-4 with tubercles (MTu) on
marginal sclerites often larger than adjacent hair bases. Tibiae usually
paler on middle part. Hind tibia without a row of distinctly peg-like hairs
on inner side
…..Uroleucon aeneum
–
R IV+V0.17-0.225 mm long. ABD TERG 2-4 with MTu if present not larger than
adjacent hair bases. Tibiae usually entirely black. Hind tibia with a row of
very short thick peg-like hairs on inner side
…..
Uroleuconjaceae
7
R IV+V 2.5-3.0 × HT II and bearing 12-25 very short accessory hairs …..Ovatus
inulae
–
R IV+V relatively much shorter and with fewer accessory hairs
…..8
8
Long, capitate dorsal hairs present, at least on head and posterior abdomen; the longest 1.5-3 × diameter at midlength of SIPH, which are pale and slender. ANT PT/BASE 6.0-9.2
…..Capitophorus elaeagni
–
Dorsal hairs not
distinctly capitate and little if any longer than diameter of SIPH at
midlength. ANT PT/BASE usually less than 6.0
Bodylarge, spindle-shaped.Head with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth
and divergent. SIPH attenuate distally, thinner than hind tibia at their
respective midlengths, and lacking polygonal reticulation
ANT 4- (rarely 5-) segmented, 0.12-0.15 × BL. Dorsal wax gland plates
present on all segments, each consisting of a ring of facets surrounding a
usually elongate central field
…..Kaltenbachiella pallida
–
ANT 6- (rarely 5-)
segmented, at least 0.4 × BL. Wax gland plates absent
…..2
2
SIPH short, dark, less
than 0.1 × BL, ornamented with transverse rows of small spicules. Dorsum
usually dark, sclerotic, with numerous small spicules. Cauda shorter than its
basal width in dorsal view
…..Roepkea marchali
–
SIPH pale or dark, more
than 0.1 × BL, smooth or imbricated. Dorsum without dark pigmentation. Cauda as long as or longer than its basal
width
3
3
Dorsal body hairs long, thick
and capitate, arising from tuberculate bases
…..4
–
Dorsal body hairs pointed, blunt, or if capitate then short and
without tuberculate bases
…..5
4
SIPH 1.1-2.1 × cauda. R
IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II, with 2-5 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.3
× BD III
…..Cryptomyzus galeopsidis
–
SIPH 2.4-3.1 × cauda. R
IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II, with 6-8 accessory hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III
0.4-0.9 × BD III
…..Cryptomyzus ribis
5
SIPH 2.9-4.1 × cauda and
markedly swollen on distal 0.7 of length; maximum width of swollen part
1.7-2.0 × minimum width of basal part. ANT III with 2-25 rhinaria dispersed
along its length, and IV with 0-12. ANT PT/BASE 7.4-10
…..Cryptomyzus stachydis
–
SIPH less than 2.8 ×
cauda and not markedly swollen. ANT either without secondary rhinaria or with
them only near base of III. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-7.7
…..6
6
SIPH thick and scaly; cylindrical or slightly swollen on basal half ,
tapering on distal half, and 2.0-2.5 × cauda. Dorsal cuticle strongly
wrinkled. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.5
…..Myzus padellus
–
SIPH not thick and scaly;
normally imbricated and cylindrical or tapering from base, 0.9-2.7 × cauda.
Dorsal cuticle not strongly wrinkled. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-7.7
…..7
7
SIPH uniformly dark, cauda pale or dusky
…..Aphis frangulae group (incl. beccabungae, gossypii)
–
SIPH and cauda both pale
(SIPH may be dark-tipped), or both black
…..8
8
Cauda with a basal
constriction. ANT PT/BASE 5.6-7.7. R IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II. SIPH slightly
swollen on distal half
…..Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
–
Cauda without a basal constriction and other characters not in above
combination
SIPH longer than cauda,
with subapical polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles moderately to
well-developed with inner faces smooth and divergent
.….2
–
SIPH longer or shorter than
cauda, without any polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles absent, weakly
developed, or if well developed then with inner faces somewhat scabrous or
spiculose
.….8
2
ANT III with 1-10 (often
small) rhinaria. R IV+V 0.65-1.15 × ANT BASE VI
..…3
–
ANT III without any
rhinaria. R IV+V 0.4-0.6 × ANT BASE VI
.….6
3
SIPH pale at least at
base. ANT III with longest hairs 0.6-1.0 × BD III.
…..4
–
SIPH entirely dark. ANT
III with longest hairs 0.4-0.5 × BD III
..…5
4
SIPH and legs mostly pale.
Marginal tubercles (MTu) only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH dark for most of
length, pale basally. Tibiae mostly dark. MTu regularly present on ABD TERG
2-5
…..Macrosiphum pallidum
5
SIPH 1.75-2.25 × cauda, which
has a rather rounded apex
…..Sitobion fragariae
–
SIPH 1.4-1.9 × cauda,
which has a rather pointed apex
.….Sitobion miscanthi
6
R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II,
and 0.4-0.5 × ANT BASE VI
..…Linosiphon galii
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II, and 0.5-0.6 × ANT BASE VI
…..7
7
Dorsum almost wholly dark
brown to black. SIPH dark
..…Linosiphon
asperulophagum
–
Dorsum pale. SIPH mainly
pale, dark at apices
.….Linosiphon galiophagum
8
Paired marginal tubercles
(MTu) always present on ABD TERG 7.
ANT tubercles weakly developed
..…9
–
MTu absent from ABD
TERG 7 (rarely present on one side
only in Dysaphis pyri, with spinal
tubercles then also present). ANT tubercles absent, weakly developed or well
developed
..…15
9
Large MTu present on ABD
TERG 1-4 and 7, and sometimes also on 5 and 6, those on 1 and 7 being
especially large. Dorsum pale
.….Aphis molluginis
–
MTu absent or only
sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4, and then only small. Dorsum pale or
dark
..…10
10
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid
black central patch
..…Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen with or
without black markings, but without an extensive solid black central patch
(in prepared specimens)
…..11
11
Very short-haired aphid; posterior hair on
hind trochanter only 0.2 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH
0.57-1.2 × (usually shorter than) cauda. R IV+V 1.02-1.43 × HT II. ANT
5-segmented
…..Aphis nonveilleri
–
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter 0.55-2.02 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. If SIPH are
shorter than cauda then R IV+V is 0.62-0.92 × HT II. ANT 5- or 6-segmented
…..12
12
Cauda paler than SIPH and bearing 4-8 hairs. Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings
…..13
–
Cauda as black as SIPH
and bearing 11-27 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with dark markings at least on ABD
TERG 7 and 8
…..14
13
SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT
II
…..Aphis sp. (B.C., BMNH collection)
–
SIPH 1.1-2.5 × cauda. R
IV+V 1.05-1.45 × HT II
…..Aphis gossypii
14
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.2. SIPH 0.5-0.95 × cauda. R IV+V 0.6-0.95 × HT II.
Dorsal abdomen usually with a pair of large black sclerites anterior to SIPH
(Fig.29a)
.….Aphis galiiscabri
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.7. SIPH 0.8-1.6 × cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. Dorsal
abdomen with only scattered smaller dark markings anterior to SIPH
..….Aphis fabae group (incl. A. solanella)
15
SIPH usually longer than cauda, if 0.8-1.0
× cauda then with a subapical annular incision and a distinct flange
…..16
–
SIPH shorter than cauda,
if 0.8-1.0 × cauda then flangeless (Figs 29j, k)
..…30
16
Dorsal abdomen anterior to SIPH with
conspicuous dark markings; either an extensive black patch, or a pattern of
dark spots
…..17
–
Dorsal abdomen without
any conspicuous dark markings anterior to SIPH
..…21
17
Abdomen with large dark marginal sclerites
(as well as dorsal sclerotisation)
…..18
–
Abdomen without large
dark marginal sclerites
.….20
18
ANT
less than 0.5 × BL, 4 to 6-segmented. when 6-segmented III is a little longer
than R IV+V. Cauda bluntly triangular, shorter than its basal width. SIPH
straight and cylindrical or slightly tapering towards apex
…..Myzus
sp. ex Asperula (Crimea, BMNH
collection, leg. J. Holman)
–
ANT more than 0.5 × BL,
6-segmented with III 1.8-2.6 × R IV+V. Cauda acutely triangular. SIPH either
slightly clavate or strongly tapering and often somewhat curved
…..19
19
Dorsal
abdomenalways with a complete
black sclerotic shield. SIPH and cauda dark. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-3.2, and PT 0.8-1.1 × ANT III
..…Myzus cerasi group (incl. umefoliae, veronicae)
–
Dorsal abdomen with variable pigmentation; a complete black shield may
be present, or there may be segmental pleural and marginal pairs of spots. SIPH
dark, or pale with dark apices, cauda pale or dusky. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.5, and
PT 0.7-0.9 × ANT III
.….Myzus borealis
20
Dorsal abdomen with an irregular, large
approximately horseshoe-shaped central dark patch, and thorax also with dark
patches. ANT PT/BASE 3.6-5.0. ANT III often with 1-2 rhinaria near base
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsal abdomen with a
pattern of dark intersegmental pleural spots. ANT PT/BASE 1.9-2.4. ANT III
never with rhinaria
…..Myzus ornatus
21
Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular in dorsal
view, shorter than its basal width or only a little longer (Fig.29c-e). ANT
tubercles absent or developed to a similar extent to median frontal tubercle
.….22
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped,
at least 1.2 × its basal width in dorsal view. ANT tubercles well-developed
with inner faces almost parallel, or convergent, and median frontal tubercle
absent or weakly developed
…..25
22
ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. SIPH very
rugose, thickened, narrowing rather abruptly and turned outwards at apex (Fig.29b). Cauda
bearing 4 hairs (Fig.29c)
.….Myzus langei
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.7.
SIPH smooth and conical or moderately imbricated, tapering gradually,
straight. Cauda bearing 5 (-7) hairs
..…23
23
SIPH smooth, conical, with a subapical
annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH imbricated, tapering
gradually to flange, without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular
apertures reniform
…..24
24
Large spinal and marginal tubercles (STu and MTu) present. Cauda
helmet-shaped or pentagonal (Fig.29d). Dorsal
body hairs with blunt apices. ANT tubercles weakly developed
…..Dysaphis pyri
–
STu and MTu usually absent. Cauda triangular (Fig 29e). Dorsal body
hairs with expanded apices. ANT tubercles rather well developed, as also is
the median frontal tubercle
..…Dysaphis reaumuri
25
SIPH swollen on distal half to about 2× their minimum diameter (Fig.29f). ANT III
with 0-2 (usually 1) rhinaria near base
..….Amphorophora annae
–
SIPH with or without some distal swelling, but if at all swollen then
ANT III has no rhinaria
.….26
26
SIPH tapering/cylindrical, without any
trace of swelling. ANT III usually with a single rhinarium near base
..…Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH at least slightly
swollen distally. ANT III without rhinaria
…..27
27
SIPH with slight swelling confined to
distal quarter of length, narrowest at about distal 0.7. Dorsal abdomen with polygonal
reticulate sculpuring. SIPH 2.9-3.5 × R IV+V. (Al. with incomplete dark cross
bands on dorsal abdomen)
.….Abstrusomyzus phloxae
–
SIPH slightly to
distinctly swollen over distal third to half of length, narrowest before or
at about midlength. If dorsal
abdomen has reticulate sculpturing then SIPH are 1.8-2.5 × R IV+V.(Al. with a black
central patch on dorsal abdomen)
.….28
28
SIPH as long as or longer than ANT III. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. SIPH
3.3-4.8 × R IV+V.
.….Myzus persicae
–
SIPH clearly shorter than (less than 0.8 × ) ANT III. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II. SIPH 1.8-2.8 × R IV+V
.….29
29
Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately
parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost smooth or weakly imbricated, with
narrowest part of basal “stem” not
wider than hind tibia at midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly
wrinkled
…..Myzus ascalonicus
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles with convergent apices. SIPH heavily
imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part of stem a little wider than hind tibia at midlength.
Dorsal cuticle scaly
…..Myzus cymbalariae
30
Dorsal hairs numerous, long, with pointed
apices. SIPH and cauda both much shorter than their basal widths
..…Iranaphias dehbani
–
Dorsal hairs sparse,
short and blunt-ended. SIPH and cauda variable
.….31
31
Unpaired median hair-bearing processes
present on ABD TERG 6-8, or on ABD TERG 8 only. SIPH much reduced, shorter
than HT II
.….32
–
No median dorsal
abdominal processes. SIPH shorter or longer than HT II
…..33
32
Median dorsal processes present on ABD TERG
6-8. Cauda finger-like, much longer
than its basal width (Fig.29g)
..…Ossiannilssonia oelandica
–
Median dorsal process on
ABD TERG 8 only. Cauda broadly
triangular, much shorter than its basal width (Fig.29h)
..…Uhlmannia singularis
33
SIPH
0.5-0.8 × cauda, with opening at a right angle to its long axis, and with a
small but distinct flange (Fig.29i). ANT III
without secondary rhinaria. MTu absent
…..Staegeriella necopinata group
–
SIPH 0.75-1.0 × cauda,
with a small, rather oblique opening and no flange (Fig.29j, k). ANT III with
2-24 secondary rhinaria. MTu often present
…..34
34
ANT III with 17-24 secondary rhinaria. R IV+V only about 0.6 × HT II
..…Hydaphias carpaticae*
–
ANT III with 2-12
secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 0.7-1.1 × HT II
..…35
35
Hairs on anterior abdominal sternites often blunt-tipped, with the
longest of them 0.7-1.4 × ANT BD III, and 0.15-0.28 × R IV+V. R IV+V 0.9-1.1
× HT II
..…Hydaphias mosana
–
Hairs on anterior abdominal sternites mostly fine-pointed, the longest
of them more than 1.5 × ANT BD III, and 0.3-0.5 × R IV+V. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT
II