Adult females without chitinous ovipositor
(viviparous)
…..2
–
Adult females with chitinous ovipositor
…..13
2
SIPH absent. Eyes of 3 facets
…..3
– SIPH present as pores or pigmented hairy
cones. Eyes multi-facetted
…..7
3
Antenna
with hairs longer than basal diameter of ANT III. R IV+V with about 20
accessory hairs. Head with wax pore plates. Cauda dark, protruberant, with
many long hairs
…..Prociphilus americanus
–
Antenna with hairs shorter than basal diameter of
ANT III. R IV+V 0-6 accessory hairs. Head without wax pore plates. Cauda not
protruberant, with a few short hairs
…..4
4
R IV+Vwith 4-6 accessory hairs, and without a pale subapical zone
…..Prociphilus xylostei
–
R IV+V without any accessory hairs, and with a pale
subapical zone
…..5
5
Hairs
on HT I thick and usually spine-like, with short or blunt apices (fig. 66C)
…..Pachypappa
vesicalis
–
Hairs
on HT I small and thin, or if thick basally then with finely-pointed apices
…..6
6
Hairs on HT I and apical dorsal hairs on HT II very
small, 4-8 µm long, with abrupt apices. Segment I of fore tarsus usually with
2 hairs; if a third middle hair is present then it is longer than the lateral
hairs
…..Pachypappa
rosettei*
–
Hairs on HT I and apical dorsal hairs on HT II
longer, 10-15 µm, with finely-pointed apices. Segment I of fore tarsus almost
always with 3 hairs, and with the middle hair shorter and blunter than the
lateral hairs (fig. 66A)
…..Pachypappa
tremulae
7
Body elongate. Antenna 5-segmented. R V very short
…..8
–
Body oval. Antenna 6-segmented. R V elongate
…..9
8
Second
tarsal segments mostly dusky to dark. ANT PT at least 0.5 × diameter of
rhinarium on ANT V. R IV+V 0.07-0.10 mm. Tarsal claws with distinctly
bifurcate apices
…..Essigella californica
–
Second tarsal segments mainly pale, sometimes dusky
on distal third. Primary rhinarium on ANT V exceptionally distal, so that
length of PT is greatly reduced, less than 0.5 × diameter of rhinarium. R
IV+V 0.04-0.07 mm. Tarsal claws with apices double but not distinctly
bifurcate
…..Essigella wilsoni
9
SIPH pores on broad pigmented conical bases 0.4 mm
or more in diameter. (Antennal hairs numerous, 80 µm or more long; hind
tibial hairs 100-150 µm long)
…..Cinara
commatula*
–
SIPH cones very small, with pigmented area less than
0.2 mm in diameter
….10
10
All
tibiae almost wholly pale, except that hind tibiae have contrastingly black
apices
…..Cinara splendens
–
At least hind tibia dark or shading to dark over
distal third or more of length
…..11
11
Longest
abdominal hairs more than 100 µm long, longer than hairs on dorsal side of
hind tibia which are about 80 µm long
…..Cinara vagabunda*
–
Longest
abdominal hairs less than 100 µm long or, if longer, then they are shorter than longest hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia
…..12
12
Longest hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia 90-160
µm. Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove 0.8-1.0 mm
…..Cinara pseudotsugae
–
Longest hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia 50-75 µm.
Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove 1.1-1.5 mm
…..Cinara pseudotaxifoliae
13
Alatae (sexuparae) with large dorsal wax
gland plates having numerous rather large pores
….Adelges (Gilletteella) cooleyi
–
Alatae (gynoparae) with reduced dorsal wax gland plates having rather small pores
SIPH broadly conical, pore-like or absent. ANT
PT/BASE less than 1
…..2
2
Apterae flattened, cimicoid, with 3-segmented
antennae. Dorsum with variably developed finger-like hair-bearing processes,
sometimes absent. Cauda knobbed, anal plate divided deeply into two
triangular lobes
…..Dasyaphis mirabilis
–
Apterae with 5- or 6-segmented antennae, body
without long processes. Cauda rounded, anal plate entire
…..3
3
Rostrum longer than body
…..Stomaphis pterocaryae
–
Rostrum much shorter than
body
…..4
4
SIPH as large pores on shallow cones, ringed with
long hairs. Alata with 5-segmented antennae and media of forewing
once-branched
…..Kurisakia
sp(p).
–
SIPH absent. Alata
with 6-segmented antennae and media unbranched
SIPH dusky or dark over
at least half of length, with a distal zone of reticulation comprising many
(more than 100) small polygonal cells
…..2
–
SIPH pale or dark without
polygonal reticulation, or pale with distal reticulation comprising fewer,
larger cells
…..4
2
R IV+V 1.8-2.8 × HT II.
SIPH dusky with paler basal part
…..Uroleucon inulae
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II.
SIPH wholly dark
…..3
3
Cauda black like SIPH.
Tibiae mainly dark, with middle section sometimes somewhat paler
…..Uroleucon siculum
–
Cauda pale. Tibiae mainly
pale, dark only at base and apex
…..Uroleucon pulicariae
4
Dorsal hairs long and
thick, with distinctly capitate apices and tuberculate bases. ABD TERG 1-4
each with 12-14 capitate hairs, the longest 2-3 × ANT BD III
…..Capitophorus inulae
–
Dorsal hairs blunt,
pointed or only slightly expanded apically, with or without tuberculate
bases, and usually shorter. ABD TERG 1-4 each with fewer hairs
…..5
5
R IV+V 2.3-3.0 × HT II,
and bearing 17-26 accessory hairs. Head with a well-developed rather scabrous
median frontal tubercle, and also with rounded scabrous forwardly directed
processes on ANT tubercles
…..Ovatus inulae
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.7 × HT II, and bearing less than 10 accessory hairs. Head
without a well- developed scabrous median
frontal process
…..6
6
SIPH markedly clavate, and 1.4-1.7 × cauda. ANT III with 5-29
rhinaria. Head smooth, ANT tubercles moderately well developed, with smooth
divergent inner faces
…..Hyperomyzus lactucae
–
SIPH tapering,
cylindrical or clavate, but if
clavate then more than 1.7 × cauda, and other characters also do not apply
…..7
7
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.3
or more than 1.5. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without MTu, but if with then SIPH
are longer than R IV+V
…..8
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.4-1.2. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with well-developed MTu. SIPH shorter than R IV+V
…..11
8
Cauda helmet-shaped, not
longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..9
–
Cauda either undeveloped,
or tongue- or finger-shaped and distinctly longer than its basal width. Spiracular
apertures small and reniform
SIPH and cauda dark.
Dorsum with a solid dark shield or with variably developed dusky markings,
and dark intersegmental muscle plates
…..10
10
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. SIPH 2.1-3.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.5-2.0 × HT II. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen with
variably developed dusky segmental markings, and dark intersegmental muscle
plates. SIPH 1.0-1.4 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II. Mesosternum without
mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus salicinae
11
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.2. ANT without sec.
rhinaria. R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 are 10-18 μm
long. SIPH c.2 × longer than their basal widths. Cauda about as long as its
basal width in dorsal view
….. Protaphis sp. (Corsica, BMNH collection)
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.6. ANT III or III-IV with rhinaria. R IV+V 1.15-1.25
× HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 are 35-45 μm long, with tuberculate
bases. SIPH only about as long as their basal widths, and cauda much shorter
than its basal width in dorsal view
…..Brachyunguis/Xerobion sp. (North
Yemen, BMNH collection)
Dorsum with an extensive black sclerotic shield. SIPH dark,
imbricated, 1.7-3.6 × cauda
…..3
3
ANT III with 4-11
rhinaria. R IV+V 0.135-0.175 mm. Dorsal shield with a distinct pattern of
spinulose imbrications
…..Brachycaudus jacobi
–
ANT IIIwithout rhinaria (except in
alatiform specimens). R IV+V (0.175-) 0.18-0.24 mm. Dorsal shield almost
smooth or with indistinct imbrications
…..Brachycaudus cardui
4
SIPH dark and markedly
clavate. Dark ante- and postsiphuncular sclerites present, the latter usually
joined by a bridge across ABD TERG 7. ANT III with more than 30 rhinaria. R
IV+V with more than 40 accessory hairs
…..Amphorosiphon pulmonariae
–
SIPH if dark then not
clavate. No ante- nor post-siphuncular sclerites. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria.
R IV+V with 2-15 accessory hairs
…..5
5
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells)
…..6
–
SIPH without subapical
polygonal reticulation
…..7
6
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III.
Anterior half of subgenital plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with
3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 66-106 μm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate
with 2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs
…..Macrosiphum gei
7
SIPH pale, broad at base
and cylindrical/tapering on distal part, 0.20-0.25 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.5
…..8
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..9
8
ANT III almost always
(98%) without rhinaria. (ANT III of al. with 0-3 rhinaria). R IV+V with 8-10
accessory hairs
…..Aulacorthum langei
–
ANT III almost always
(98%) with 1-2 (-3) small rhinaria near base. (ANT III of al. with 5-26
rhinaria). R IV+V with 5-7 (-8) accessory hairs
…..Aulacorthum solani
9
ANT tubercles
well-developed, steep-sided but not convergent apically, and not spiculose or
scabrous. SIPH pale, slightly swollen on distal half
SIPH often paler at base,
and 1.1-1.5 × cauda, which has 7-9 hairs. (Alata often with 1 or more
rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Aphis punicae
–
SIPH uniformly dark, and
usually more than 1.5 × cauda (range 1.2-2.5 ×), which has 4-7(-8) hairs.
(Alata without rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Aphis gossypii
4
Many
of hairs on hind femur and dorsal side of hind tibia with finely pointed
apices, longer than trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with 7-24 hairs
…..5
–
Hairs on hind femur and
dorsal side of hind tibia shorter than trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with
4-9 hairs
…..7
5
Stridulatory apparatus present, cosisting of a conspicuous pattern of
ridges on ventro-lateral areas of abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and a row of
short, peg-like hairs on the hind tibia
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
Stridulatory apparatus
not present
…..6
6
SIPH 0.75-1.1 × ANT III and 1.8-2.7 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT 0.27-0.46
mm, and ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.8 (mostly 2.4-3.6). Cauda hardly constricted near
midlength and bearing 11-24 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark bands and dark
dorsal markings also anterior to SIPH. (Al. with 10-23 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Aphis fabae
–
SIPH 1.1-1.45 × ANT III
and 2.8-3.4 × ANT BASE VI. ANT PT 0.22-0.29 mm, and ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.6. Cauda usually clearly
constricted near midlength and bearing 6-15 (usually 9-11) hairs. Abdomen
without any dark markings. (Al. with 4-12 rhinaria on ANT III)
…..Aphis spiraecola
7
Dorsum with an extensive dark sclerotic patch.
ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs. SIPH more than 3 × their basal widths. Longest hairs
on ANT III shorter than BD III. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT
III 3-8 only)
……Aphis
craccivora
–
Dorsum without an extensive dark sclerotic
patch. ABD TERG 8 with 5-6 hairs. SIPH less than 3 × their basal widths.
Longest hairs of ANT III longer than BD III. (Al. with secondary rhinaria
distributed ANT III 16-20, IV 6-12, V 3-7)
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5.
SIPH as pores with sclerotised rims. Wax glands present, each usually
consisting of a ring of large facets around an undivided or partially divided
central area
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.
SIPH tubular, Wax glands not evident
…..3
2
Maximum diameter of SIPH pore 80-160 μm. ANT III usually more
than 1.25 × ANT IV+V together
…..Eriosoma crataegi
–
Maximum diameter of SIPH
pore less than 60 μm. ANT III usually less than 1.25 × ANT IV+V together
…..Eriosoma lanigerum
3
SIPH and cauda both black.
Cauda finger-like, usually with a midway constriction. Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings, and no stridulatory apparatus present
…..4
–
SIPH and cauda pale or
dark, but if both are black then cauda is tongue-like without a constriction,
and either dorsal abdomen has dark markings, or a stridulatory apparatus is
present
Macrosiphini gen. andsp. n.
(Taiwan, BMNH collection)
Key
to separate apterae of these two species:-
(Both
have SIPH swollen in middle)
–
SIPH black, cauda pale.
Head pale with rather low ANT tubercles. ANT III without rhinaria. Dorsal
abdomen without any dark sclerotisation
…..Micromyzus vandergooti
–
SIPH pale, cauda dark. Head dark with very well-developed ANT
tubercles. ANT III with 3-4 rhinaria in a row on basal part. Dorsal abdomen
with a dark central patch, and dark marginal, pre- and post-siphuncular
sclerites
…..
Macrosiphini gen. andsp. n. (Taiwan,
BMNH collection, leg. S.E. Halbert)
(or
try key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium)
A key to the common aphids on cultivated pear (P.
communis) is provided in Blackman & Eastop (2000). The key is here
extended to include all aphids recorded from the genus Pyrus. (Aphids
on crab-apples, often included in Pyrus, are treated under Malus.)
Host List:-
Pyrus amygdaliformis
Aphis pomi;
Brachycaudus helichrysi;
Dysaphis pyri, reaumuri; Melanaphis pyraria
P.
betulifolia
Aphis spiraecola; Melanaphis siphonella
P.
boissieriana
Dysaphis reaumuri
P.
bondoensis (?)
Sappaphis piri
P. bretschneideri
Aphis pomi;
Schizaphis piricola;
[Siciunguis
novena Zhang & Hu 1999 (= alate sexuparae of
Key to aphids on Pyrus (apterous viviparae, excluding fundatrices, except
where otherwise stated):-
1
Antenna 3-segmented. Body very small (BL 0.8-1.0 mm),
pyriform, broadest anteriorly. All females oviparous
…..Aphanostigma
iaksuiense / piri
–
Antenna 5- or 6-segmented. Body usually longer than
1 mm, not broadest anteriorly. Parthenogenetic females viviparous
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.8; if more than 0.6 then PT
bears some long fine hairs. Cauda broadly rounded, usually shorter than width
at base
…..3
–
ANT
PT/BASE more than 0.6, PT without any long fine hairs. Cauda semicircular,
helmet-shaped, tongue- or finger-shaped, about as long as its basal width or
longer
….15
3
Conspicuous wax pore plates present. SIPH either
absent or present as pores with a surrounding ring of hairs
…..4
–
Wax pore plates absent. SIPH as large pores on broad
cones with numerous hairs
…..10
4
SIPH present as large pores with surrounding hairs.
Wax pore plates comprising rings or groups of circular or polygonal facets
enclosing one or more clear central areas (on stems or roots)
…..5
–
SIPH absent or inconspicuous. Wax pore plates
honeycomb-like without any clear central areas (in leaf-nest galls)
…..9
5
All
wax pore plates consisting of a ring of facets around a single, more-or-less
circular central clear area
…..6
–
Largest
wax pore plates each consisting of a group of facets enclosing either a very
narrowor subdivided central
clear area or several clear areas
…..8
6
BL 2.0-2.7 mm. R IV+V 0.20-0.25 mm. (Cauda with 2-4
hairs)
…..Eriosoma
lanuginosum
–
BL 1.0-1.9 mm. R IV+V 0.10-0.18 mm
…..7
7
R IV+V 0.10-0.12 mm. Cauda with 2-4 hairs
…..Eriosoma
flavum
–
R IV+V 0.12-0.18 mm. Cauda with 5 or more hairs
…..Eriosoma
pyricola
8
ANT III similar in length to R IV+V. Wax pore plates
with narrow, mostly interconnecting central areas
…..Eriosoma
lanigerum
–
ANT III less than 0.5 × R IV+V. Wax pore plates with
separate, circular or polygonal clear central areas
…..Eriosoma
americanum
9
BL of spring migrant alata from leaf-nest gall
(s.m.a.) 4 mm or more. R IV+V more than 0.2 mm long and bearing 7 or more
accessory hairs
…..Prociphilus
oriens
–
BL
of s.m.a. less than 4 mm. R IV+V less than 0.16 mm long and bearing 2-5 accessory hairs .
…..Prociphilus
kuwanai
10
Body elongate, 2 or more × longer than wide.
Antennae and legs pale except for black tibial apices and hind tarsi. (Alata
with a black quadrate dorsal abdominal patch)
…..11
–
Body broadly oval, less than 2 × longer than wide.
Antennae and legs mainly dark
…..12
11
ANT
PT/BASE 0.25-0.35, without any long fine hairs distal to primary rhinarium. R
IV+V 0.14-0.18 mm long, 0.62-0.75 × HT II, and bearing 9-16 accessory hairs
…..Nippolachnus bengalensis
–
ANT
PT/BASE 0.41-0.75, with some long fine hairs distal to primary rhinarium. R
IV+V 0.17-0.22 mm long, 0.7-1.0 × HT II, and bearing more than 20 accessory
hairs
…..Nippolachnus piri
12
Abdomen with paired, pigmented spinal tubercles on
each tergite. (Alata with maculate forewings and a short pterostigma)
…..Pterochloroides
persicae
–
Abdomen
without spinal tubercles. Forewings of alata not maculate, with a long
pterostigma
…..13
13
HT
I (measured on ventral side) less than 2 × its basal diameter, less than 0.35
× HT II. Forewing of alata with pterostigma almost straight, not extending
around tip of wing
…..Pyrolachnus pyri
–
HT I more than 2 × its basal diameter, more than
0.35 × HT II. Forewing of alata with pterostigma curved distally, extending
around wing-tip
…..14
14
HT II 1.8-2.3 × HT I
…..Longistigma
caryae
–
HT II about 2.6 × HT I
…..Longistigma xizangensis*
15
SIPH shorter than cauda
…..16
–
SIPH as long as or longer than cauda
…..20
16
Abdomen without any dorsal markings
……17
–
Abdomen with dark dorsal markings
…..18
17
Cauda dark, rounded at apex. Stridulatory ridges
present on abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and a row of short, peg-like hairs on
each hind tibia
…..Aphis
odinae
–
Cauda pale or dusky, long and tapering. No
stridulatory ridges, nor peg-like hairs on hind tibiae
…..Brachysiphoniella
montana
18
SIPH very short, conical, shorter than basal width
and about 0.2 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with interrupted markings
…..Melanaphis
siphonella
–
SIPH
more than 0.7 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with an almost solid dark shield, or
with dark tranverse sclerites
…..19
19
Dorsal
abdomen usually with an almost solid dark sclerotic shield. Hairs on antenna
and dorsal body minute, less than 0.5 × diameter of ANT III. SIPH about 2 ×
basal width
…..Melanaphis pyraria
–
Dorsal
abdomen with separate transverse sclerites. Hairs on antenna and dorsal body
long and fine, much longer than diameter of ANT III. SIPH less than 1.5 ×
basal width
…..Melanaphis pahanensis
20
SIPH with closely-spaced rows of densely-packed
spinules or nodules
…..21
–
SIPH often imbricated but without densely-packed
spinules or nodules
…..26
21
Abdomen of aptera and alata without spinal tubercles.
Alata with dark dorsal patch centred on ABD TERG 3-6. Marginal tubercles if
present somewhat protruberant, and always absent from ABD TERG 7
…..Nearctaphis
bakeri
–
Abdomen
of alata with rather flat round spinal and marginal tubercles on most tergites
(present or absent on 7), and with dark patch centred on ABD TERG 4-6 or 5-6
(ABD TERG 3 unpigmented). (Forming pseudogalls inhabited by fundatrices and
alate spring migrants only)
…..22
22
Fundatrix
with ANT PT/BASE greater than 1, and with well-developed marginal sclerites
that are mostly more than 2 × diameter of any tubercles present. Alata with
spinal and marginal tubercles usually on ABD TERG 1-7
…..23
–
Fundatrix
(where known) with ANT PT/BASE less than 1, and with marginal tubercles on
small sclerites mostly less than 2 × diameter of tubercles. Alata with spinal
and marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 1-5 only
…..24
23
Fundatrix
without spinal or marginal tubercles. SIPH of alata with 18-27 rows of
spinules
…..Anuraphis
catonii
–
Fundatrix with large marginal tubercles on ABD TERG
1-7, and often also with spinal tubercles. SIPH of alata with 25-35 rows of
spinules
…..Anuraphis
subterranea
24
Alata
with 29-43 secondary rhinaria on ANT III. (Fundatrix undescribed)
…..Anuraphis
ferulae
–
Alata
with 70-105 secondary rhinaria on ANT III
…..25
25
Fundatrix usually with a marginal tubercle on ABD
TERG 6. Alata with ANT PT/BASE 3.5-4.5
…..Anuraphis
farfarae
–
Fundatrix without a marginal tubercle on ABD TERG 6.
Alata with ANT PT/BASE more than 5.0
…..Anuraphis
pyrilaseri
26
Dorsal cuticle sclerotic and strongly corrugated. R
IV+V 1.68-1.90 × HT II and bearing 2
accessory hairs
…..Eumyzus
eastopi
–
Dorsal cuticle not strongly corrugated. R IV+V
either less than 1.5 × HT II or with more than 2 accessory hairs
…..27
27
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than
its basal width in dorsal view
…..28
–
Cauda helmet-shaped, triangular or rounded in dorsal
view, not clearly longer than its basal width
…..44
28
Head capsule spinulose or nodulose. Antennal
tubercles well-developed with inner faces spinulose or scabrous and parallel
or convergent in dorsal view
…..29
–
Head capsule smooth. Antennal tubercles either small
or undeveloped or with inner faces smooth and divergent in dorsal view
…..33
29
Inner faces of antennal tubercles approximately
parallel and spiculose. ANT III with 1 or more small rhinaria near base
…..30
–
Inner faces of antennal tubercles convergent and scabrous. ANT III without rhinaria
…..31
30
Head,
antennae and legs mainly dark. Siphunculi slightly swollen on distal half
…..Pseudomegoura
magnoliae
–
Head,
antennae and legs mainly pale. Siphunculi tapering/cylindrical
…..Aulacorthum
solani
31
SIPH moderately swollen on distal half
…..Myzus
persicae
–
SIPH cylindrical or tapering on distal half
…..32
32
Spring migrant alata (s.m.a.) with 60-83 secondary
rhinaria on ANT III, 36-52 on ANT IV and 13-22 on ANT V
…..Ovatus insitus
–
S.m.a.
with 22-49 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 5-20 on IV and 0-10 on V
…..Ovatus crataegarius
33
SIPH and cauda pale, mainly concolorous with dorsal
cuticle. Antennal tubercles well
developed
…..34
–
SIPH, and usually cauda also, mainly darker than
dorsal abdomen (except when tergum is black). Antennal tubercles poorly
developed
…..37
34
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..35
–
SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..36
35
Front of head pale or dusky. SIPH of aptera pale at
least on basal half, sometimes dusky towards apex
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Front of head black. SIPH wholly black
…..Macrosiphum
rosae
36
ANT III with a single rhinarium near base and
bearing minute hairs less than 0.3 × basal diameter of segment. Cauda with a
slight mid-way constriction and blunt apex, and usually bearing 6 hairs
…..Ericaphis
gentneri
–
ANT III with 2 rhinaria near base and hairs 0.5-0.7
× basal diameter of segment. Cauda long and pointed, with 11-12 hairs
…..Sinomegoura
pyri*
37
Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 7 placed
posteriodorsal to spiracle; these tubercles not usually of larger basal
diameter than the spiracular opening
…..38
–
Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 7 placed just
posterior to spiracle and slightly ventral to an anterio-posterior line drawn
through the spiracle; these tubercles usually larger than the spiracular
opening
…..43
38
SIPH tapering gradually from base to apex, not
constricted subapically and with flange only moderately developed
…..39
–
SIPH approximately cylindrical for most of length, slightly
swollen subapically, and constricted just proximad to the well-developed
flange
…..41
39
Anterior part of head dark. SIPH uniformly black.
Alata without any secondary rhinaria on ANT V (III with 8-11, IV with 1-5)
…..Schizaphis
rotundiventris
–
Head wholly pale or dusky. SIPH either uniformly
dark, or pale/dusky with black apices. Alata with 1-6 secondary rhinaria on
ANT V (rarely 0 on one side)
…..40
40
Antennae shorter than body, reaching to base of
siphunculi. SIPH uniformly dark. Alata with secondary rhinaria distributed
ANT III 14-19, IV 5-9, V 0-5
…..Schizaphis
pyri
–
Antennae about as long as body. SIPH pale or dusky,
black only at apices. Alata with
secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 24-32, IV 14-16, V 4-6
…..Schizaphis piricola
41
Tibiae evenly pigmented. SIPH more than 0.3 mm long
and clavate proximad to subapical constriction (except fundatrix). (Fundatrix
with ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0)
…..Rhopalosiphum
nymphaeae
–
Tibiae mainly pale, dark distally. SIPH less than
0.3 mm long, with only a slight swelling proximad to subapical constriction
…..42
42
ABD
TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-4 all more than 40 µm long with
pointed apices. (Fundatrix with ANT PT/BASE equal to or less than 2.0)
…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
–
ABD
TERG 8 with 2 (-3) hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 1-4 often with blunt apices and
less than 40 µm long. (Fundatrices with ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0)
…..Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae
43
Stridulatory ridges present on ventral abdomen …..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus
(for separation see couplets 23-27 of key to
aphids on Malus)
44
First tarsal segments all with only 2 hairs.
Marginal tubercles well developed on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..Aphis
chetansapa
–
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs at least on fore
and mid-legs. Marginal tubercles if well developed then on ABD TERG 2-5 (or
2-6) as well as on 1 and 7
…..45
45
Antenna with numerous long very fine hairs, the
longest more than 2 × basal diameter of ANT III. (Alata with separate
transverse bars on dorsal abdomen)
…..46
–
Longest hairs on ANT III less than 1.8 × basal
diameter of segment. (Alata with an almost solid dark patch on dorsal
abdomen)
…..47
46
SIPH 2 or more × basal width, and sometimes bearing
one or more hairs. Cauda rounded, much shorter than its basal width
…..Sappaphis
piri
–
SIPH less than 1.5 × basal width, without hairs.
Cauda bluntly pointed, about as long as its basal width
…..Melanaphis
pahanensis
47
Spiracular openings large and rounded
…..48
–
Spiracular openings small and reniform
…..50
48
SIPH less than 2 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen dusky or
pale. Mesosternum without any mammari-form processes
…..Brachycaudus
almatinus/ helichrysi
–
SIPH more than 2 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen usually
dark. Anterior part of mesosternum with a pair of mammariform processes
…..49
49
R IV+V more than 0.17 mm, more than 0.6 × SIPH.
Dorsal abdomen and SIPH pale or dark. (Al. with secondary rhinaria only on
ANT III)
…..
Brachycaudus cardui
–
R IV+V less than 0.17 mm, about 0.5 × SIPH or less.
Dorsal abdomen always extensively
sclerotised, black, and SIPH black. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT III
and IV, or III, IV and V
…..Brachycaudus
persicae
50
Antennae at least as long as distance from frons to
SIPH bases (in alata about as long as body). SIPH more than 0.3 mm long,
black
…..Dysaphis
plantaginea
–
Antennae shorter than distance from frons to SIPH
bases (in alata less than BL). SIPH pale or dark, less than 0.3 mm long
…..51
51
R IV+V 0.186-0.210 mm, 1.46-1.48 × HT II. Marginal
tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7. Spring migrant alata (s.m.a.) with
13-22 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 2-5 on IV, 0 on V
….Dysaphis
tschildarensis
–
R IV+V 0.123-0.163 mm, 0.85-1.25 × HT II. Marginal
tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-5 or 1-7. S.m.a. where known with
23-64 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 2-27 on IV and 0-7 on V
…..52
52
SIPH 0.10-0.13 mm, 0.78-0.94 × R IV+V. S.m.a. with
strongly protruberant secondary rhinaria
…..Dysaphis
sharmai
–
SIPH 0.16-0.29 mm, 1.2-2.0 × R IV+V. S.m.a. (where
known) with secondary rhinaria weakly protruberant
…..53
53
Marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 1-7 (sometimes
missing on one side on 6); flattened, only slightly convex, the largest 55-60
µm in diameter. Longest hairs on ANT III 12-18 µm, 0.5-0.8 × basal diameter
of segment
…..Dysaphis pyraria*
–
Marginal tubercles usually present only on ABD TERG 1-5
(very rarely on 7 on one side); hemispherical, papilliform or conical, the
largest 21-47 µm in basal diameter. Longest hairs on ANT III 13-50 µm,
0.5-1.8 × basal diameter of segment
…..54
54
SIPH black, 3.4-4.1 × their diameter at midpoint.
Marginal tubercles hemispherical. S.m.a. with 23-36 secondary rhinaria on ANT
III, 2-10 on IV and 0-1 on V
…..Dysaphis
pyri
–
SIPH
pale, sometimes dusky at apices, 4.1-5.0 × their diameter at midpoint.
Marginal tubercles papilliform or conical. S.m.a. with 32-64 secondary
rhinaria on ANT III, 8-27 on
IV and 0-7 on V