ANT tubercles markedly scabrous or spiculose. ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria
…..7
–
ANT tubercles not markedly scabrous or spiculose. ANT III without rhinaria
…..8
7
ANT 0.5-0.7 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. ANT tubercles well developed, rounded, scabrous, and frontal sinus narrow. Dorsal cuticle strongly wrinkled
ANT longer than BL, with ANT PT/BASE c. 4. ANT tubercles low, divergent, spiculose, and frontal sinus very broad. Dorsal cuticle with reticulate sculpturing
Dorsal cuticle pale or dusky, ornamented with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons. Small MTu present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. SIPH 0.11-0.21 × BL, clavate or cylindrical on distal half. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-5.8
…..12
12
ABD TERG 8 with (5-) 6-16 hairs, 88-150 μm long. Hairs on outer side of hind tibia very long and fine, 2-3 × diameter of tibia at midlength
Eyes multifaceted. SIPH present ; pore-like, stump-shaped or broadly conical. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.8
…..16
–
Eyes with only 3 facets. SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE 0.1-0.5
…..24
16
Distal part of cauda developed into a knob. Body oval or elongate, variably sclerotized. SIPH stump-shaped or as raised pores on shallow cones
…..17
–
Cauda either undeveloped or broadly rounded, not evident. Body narrowly elongate, dorsum strongly sclerotized. SIPH as scarcely elevated pores with chitinised rims
…..22
17
Dorsal hairs spine-like, with numerous small denticles or spinules between the hairs. Anal plate entire. Eyes with ocular tubercles (triommatidia)
Dorsal hairs fan-shaped or finely pointed. Anal plate bilobed. Eyes without ocular tubercles
…..18
18
Dorsal hairs fan-shaped. Fore- and mid-tibiae thickened at base, forming a smooth sclerotic “patella” (clearly different from base of hind tibia). Body oval
…..19
–
Dorsal hairs pointed. Fore- and mid-tibiae with bases like hind tibia. Body elongate
…..21
19
SIPH situated on ABD TERG 6, with anterior edge of cone behind the border between ABD TERG 5 and 6. ABD TERG 8 with a pair of large processes each bearing 2 long rod-shaped or slightly capitate hairs
Front of head with a very prominent quadrate median projection, almost extending forward to apex of ANT I. Posterior margin of ABD TERG 8 slightly emarginate. Dorsal cuticle rather pale, with numerous small nodules. Wax pores not apparent
Front of head with much less prominent, rounded, median projection. Posterior margin of ABD TERG 8 not emarginate. Dorsal cuticle rather dark, especially on margins and posteriorly, with numerous wax pores
Dorsal abdominal hairs mostly flabellate, and much more numerous, in 2-3 irregular rows on each of ABD TERG 1-5. Marginal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 not longer than pleuro-spinal hairs
Primary rhinaria without fimbriate margins, the primary rhinarium on ANT V being much larger than that on ANT IV. Anal plate in normal ventral position
The aphid fauna of junipers
includes at least 19 species of Cinara, several of which are known only
from their original descriptions. An attempt is made to discriminate these
species in the key below, but for some of the species in the genus Cinara s.
str.insufficient samples are available to estimate the range of
seasonal variation, so determinations should be treated warily, especially in
the case of species marked *, specimens of which have not been seen by the
authors.
SIPH cylindrical on distal half (although reticulated zone sometimes somewhat constricted). Longest antennal hairs more than 0.5× basal diameter of segment
SIPH absent, or inconspicuous pores, or small pale cones
…..4
–
SIPH in form of large pores on broad, often pigmented, hairy cones
…..6
4
Cauda longer than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. Wax pore plates not developed. Legs normal
…..5
–
Cauda broadly rounded, much shorter than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.25 Wax pore plates on posterior dorsal abdomen. Legs very thick, and tibiae armed with spines distally (fig. 53B)
Antenna usually 4-segmented. Frons with a median quadrate projection (fig. 53C). SIPH reduced to minute pores hardly larger than spiracles. Cauda long and tapering, with more than 20 hairs
Hairs on ANT III mostly longer than diameter of segment at midpoint
…..8
8
Antennae and legs densely clothed in fine, rather short, rather recumbent, hairs; those on ANT III mostly less than 1.5× diameter of segment at midpoint, and those on hind tibia mostly less than width of tibia at midpoint (fig. 53D). SIPH base with more than 70 very fine hairs, shorter than diameter of siphuncular pore
Hairs less fine and numerous, more erect and usually longer. SIPH base if with more than 70 hairs then many of these are longer than diameter of siphuncular pore
…..9
9
Hairs on ANT III mostly less than 2× diameter of segment at midpoint and/or hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia mostly less than 1.5× width of tibia at midpoint
…..10
–
Hairs on ANT III mostly more than 2× diameter at midpoint and/or hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia mostly more than 1.5× its width at midpoint
…..14
10
SIPH cones large, of maximum basal diameter more than 0.3 mm
Longest dorsal tibial hairs 1.5-2.7 × width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III less than 1.2 × longer than maximum diameter of SIPH base. R IV+V 0.20-0.27 mm
…..20
20
Longest dorsal tibial hairs about 1.5 × width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III 0.26-0.30 (-0.35) mm long, hardly longer than ANT VI (incl. PT)
BL often less than 2.7 mm (range 2.1-3.4 mm). ANT V 0.7-0.9 × ANT VI (incl. PT). ABD TERG 2 with spinopleural sclerites
…..22
22
R IV short, 0.12-0.15 mm long, and bearing 3-4 accessory hairs. R IV+V 0.60-0.85 × HT II. ANT BASE VI often slightly constricted at about its midpoint (fig. 53G)
Hairs on antennae and dorsal body fine and with finely pointed apices
…..25
25
R III(third segment of rostrum) with more than 28 hairs. R IV+V with 6-8 accessory hairs. ANT PT with 3 subapical hairs. ANT V and sometimes also ANT IV with a secondary sensorium
R III (third segment of rostrum) with less than 18 hairs. R IV+V with 4-5 accessory hairs. ANT PT with 2 subapical hairs. ANT V without a secondary sensorium
…..26
26
ANT III 1.6-2.3 ×ANT VI (incl. PT), and bearing less than 20 hairs.Cauda bluntly triangular. ABD TERG 8 with 8-13 hairs
ANT III 2.2-3.6 ×ANT VI (incl. PT), and bearing more than 25 hairs. Cauda broadly rounded. ABD TERG 8 with 18-27 hairs
…..27
27
Metanotum and ABD TERG 1 and 2 withpairs of well-developed spinopleural sclerites.ANT VI BASE with 6-11 hairs. Longest hairs on hind tibia are 120-180 μm
ANT VI BASE with 4-6 (-7) hairs restricted to basal half (fig. 44B). R IV with 2-4 accessory hairs. Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove 0.9-1.2 mm. Alata with 1-6 rhinaria restricted to distal half of ANT III
ANT VI BASE with 7-12 hairs not restricted to basal half (fig. 44C). R IV with 5-7 accessory hairs. Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove 1.3-1.6 mm. Alata with 6-11 rhinaria extending over most of ANT III
SIPH black, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.16-0.35 of length. Cauda black. ANT III black, with 16-54 rhinaria. Dorsal hairs arising from separate dark scleroites
…..2
–
SIPH and cauda pale or dark, SIPH if dark then without polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria . Dorsal hairs not arising from separate dark scleroites
…..3
2
Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present. ANT I very long, almost 3 × ANT II. Cauda with c.8 hairs
ANT tubercles undeveloped, cuticle of head without spicules. ANT III with or without rhinaria. SIPH pale or dark
…..4
4
Dorsum with an extensive black shield.Spiracles large and rounded. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes. Cauda short and rounded, with 6-8 hairs
SIPH pale and very strongly
swollen over about distal 0.7, with maximum width of swollen part 1.9-3.0 ×
minimum width of basal stem. Cuticle of head smooth, with rather low, rounded
ANT tubercles, not projecting forward beyond medial frontal prominence in
dorsal view
SIPH pale or dark,
cylindrical or swollen on distal half to 1.1-1.5 of minimum width of basal
half. Cuticle of head smooth or spiculose. ANT tubercles project forward far
beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view
…..2
2
SIPH pale and tapering or
cylindrical, or only very slightly swollen on distal half, and with only 1-2
rows of polygonal cells (if any) at apex. ANT III without rhinaria. Head
cuticle spiculose. Cauda elongate triangular/tongue-shaped
SIPH mainly dark,
sometimes paler at base, distinctly clavate, with 4-8 rows of polygonal cells
on constricted subapical part. ANT III with 2-9 rhinaria. Head cuticle
smooth. Cauda finger-like, long and pale
…..3
3
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.15-0.4 × BD III. (Al. with 12-19 rhinaria
on ANT III)
Couplets
2-4 follow Kadyrbekov (2001b) and Kadyrbekov et al. (2002).
1
SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.25-0.32 of length. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-2.15. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
Head, thorax and marginal
and posterior parts of abdomen with extensive dark pigmentation. SIPH mainly
dark, somewhat paler in middle. ANT tubercles well developed, steep-sided. Head
with spicules at least ventrally. ANT III usually with 1-2 (-3) rhinaria on
ANT III
Densely hairy aphid, BL more than 3 mm. Aptera
with multi-facetted eyes. Secondary rhinaria rounded. SIPH as large pores on
shallow pigmented hairy cones. Cauda rounded with numerous hairs
Sparsely haired aphid, BL less than
2.5 mm. Aptera with 3-facetted eyes. Secondary rhinaria of alata transversely
elongate. SIPH as small pores without surrounding hairs or pigmentation.
Cauda triangular with 2 hairs
ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..5
2
Cauda with 14-24 hairs. Longest hairs on hind femur as long as or longer than diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Well-developed MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7. ANT PT/BASE 3-4
Cauda with 4-9 hairs. Longest hairs on hind femur 0.15-0.7 of diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Small MTu present or absent from ABD TERG 2-4(-5). ANT PT/BASE 1.5-3.3
…..3
3
Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.2-0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on anterior half of subgenital plate 0.2-0.5 × ANT BD III
Cuticle of head smooth dorsally and ventrally. PT 1.5-2.3 × ANT III, which is without rhinaria. SIPH slightly swollen subapically, narrowing to a slight constriction before flange
Head spinulose at least on ventral surface. PT 0.8-1.6 × ANT III, which is with or without 1 or more small rhinaria near base. SIPH cylindrical, slightly swollen distally, or clavate
…..8
8
SIPH clavate, with thinnest part of “stem” thinner than or as thin as hind tibia at midlength. ANT III without rhinaria
SIPH tapering/cylindrical or only slightly swollen, thicker than hind tibiae at midlength. ANT III with 1 or more small rhinaria near base
…..9
9
Outer side of ANT I with 2-4 hairs on basal half. SIPH slightly swollen on distal 0.33, with at least 2-3 rows of closed polygonal cells subapically. SIPH 2.2-2.9 × cauda. Head with anterio-dorsal part devoid of spinules
Outer side of ANT I with 1-2 hairs on basal half. SIPH cylindrical on distal part, sometimes with 1-3 indistinct rows of closed polygonal cells subapically, but usually without any. SIPH 2.0-2.5 × cauda. Head including anterio-dorsal part with numerous spinules
SIPH without polygonal reticulation, or if with reticulation then this
extends over only distal 0.1-0.2 of length, and SIPH are 0.3-0.4 × BL and
1.3-1.9 × head width across eyes
ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.9. SIPH 0.6-0.75 × cauda. Dorsal hairs arising from large, rather rugose, hemispherical, often pigmented, tuberculate bases (Fig.36b)
SIPH in form of dark, broad-based cones, shorter than their basal widths (Fig.36f). Cauda bluntly conical, shorter than its basal width. Clypeus dark and swollen, but not globose (Fig.36e)
SIPH pale or dusky, tubular, often slightly swollen, much longer than their basal widths (Fig.36i). Cauda finger-like, longer than its basal width. Clypeus globose (Fig.36d)
Hind tibiae mostly pale with a pigmented distal portion (c. a third). Dorsum of the abdomen poorly sclerotized and pigmented. Reticulated apical portion of SIPH with 1-2 rows of cells. Alatae with 29-37 secondary rhinaria
Hind tibiae throughout pigmented. Abdominal presiphuncular segments with conspicuous pigmented spino-pleural and marginal spots. Reticulated apical portion of SIPH with 2 or more rows of cells
…..3
3
Reticulated apical portion of SIPH with 3-7 rows of cells. BASE with 2 hairs. ANT III with 21-26 hairs, longest one 2.2-2.6 × articular width of segment, R IV+V 0.76-0.82 × HT II. Alatae with 25-42 secondary rhinaria
Reticulated apical portion of SIPH with 2-4 rows of cells. BASE with 3-5 hairs. ANT III with 27-37 hairs, longest one 3.0-3.6 × articular width of segment, R IV+V 0.75-1.15 × HT II. Alatae with 32-48 secondary rhinaria
ANT equal to or more than BL. ANT III with 3-15 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.5. SIPH 0.25-0.3 × BL, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.3-0.5. Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than broad
…..2
–
ANT up to 0.6 × BL. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-2.0. SIPH are short, conical or tubular, 0.05-0.15 × BL, without polygonal reticulation. Cauda is broadly rounded or conical
…..3
2
BL 2.8-4.2 mm. Cauda 0.42-0.55 mm, with 15-24 hairs
ANT only about 0.25 × BL. SIPH as small pores raised on small sclerotic cones. R IV+V not stiletto-shaped. Dorsal body hairs without tuberculate bases. Cauda is very broadly rounded
ANT more than 0.3 × BL. SIPH tubular, swollen, longer than basal width. RIV+V stiletto-shaped, with long tubular RV. Dorsal body hairs mostly arise from tuberculate bases. Cauda is conical
SIPH black, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, 1.4-1.8 ×
the finger-like cauda. ANT III with 28-62 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 4.7-6.2. R
IV+V very short, 0.6-0.8 × HT II
Key to apterae on Lactuca (also Mulgedium and Pterocypsela):-
(See
Blackman & Eastop 2000, for an illustrated key to common aphids on
lettuce.)
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH either absent , or present only as pores on shallow cones
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE at least 0.7. SIPH tubular
…..5
2
HT II of normal length. Body hairs sparse
…..3
–
HT II very elongate, more than 0.5 × hind tibia. Body hairs numerous, conspicuous
…..4
3
R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long, and without accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal segments short and thick. Cauda and anal plate not projecting posteriorly
…..Pemphigus spp.
–
R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm long, with 4-8 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal segments long and fine. Cauda and anal plate forming a dark posterior projection of the abdomen
SIPH tapering or cylindrical, or flared apically. Head without spicules. ANT III with rhinaria
…..10
10
ANT III with 1-4 small rhinaria near base. SIPH with a distinct flange. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation when present diffuse or as dark bands, not concentrated at hair-bases. R IV+V 0.09-0.14 mm long, shorter than HT II and bearing 6 accessory hairs. Cauda with 7-10 (-12) hairs
…..11
–
ANT III with more than 5 rhinaria. SIPH with flange small or undeveloped. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation when present consisting of dark scleroites at hair bases. R IV+V 0.125-0.24 mm, often longer than HT II and bearing 8 or more accessory hairs. Cauda with 8-37 hairs
…..12
11
Dorsal abdominal pigmentation usually consisting of segmentally arranged, variably developed but well-defined black bars. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 20 μm long
ANT VI BASE 0.6-0.7 × R IV+V, which is c.4.2† × longer than its basal width. Marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on ABD TERG 2-4. ANT III with 25-66 rhinaria extending for 0.7-0.9 of its length. Cauda with 12-25 hairs
ANT VI BASE c.0.9 × R IV+V, which is c.2.2† × longer than its basal width. MTu absent. ANT III with c.26 rhinaria mostly on basal half. Cauda with c.37 hairs †these figures were erroneously transposed in Blackman & Eastop (2006)
Ventral side of hind tibia with a row of short, peg-like hairs. Dorsal abdominal hairs long; those on ABD TERG 3 maximally 50-60 μm, about 2 × ANT BD III
Hind tibia without a distinct row of peg-like hairs (although ventral hairs are often the shortest). Hairs on ABD TERG 3 maximally 20-45 μm, less than 1.6 × ANT BD III
….28
28
SIPH rather thick (c.8-12 × longer than diameter at midlength), 1.1-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.45 × HT II
…..29
–
SIPH long and thin (c.11-17 × longer than diameter at midlength), 1.5-2.0 × cauda. R IV+V 0.75-0.9 (-1.0) × HT II)
…..30
29
HT II rather long and thin, 6 or more × longer than its maximum thickness and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular, shorter than or not clearly longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..32
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, or elongate triangular, clearly longer than its basal width
…..37
32
ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. Marginal tubercles (MTu) either absent or present on ABD TERG 1-5, but never on ABD TERG 7. Cauda helmet-shaped with 5-7 hairs
…..33
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.4. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with well-developed MTu. Cauda bluntly triangular with 14-28 hairs
…..34
33
SIPH imbricated, very small, 0.03-0.08 mm. Well-developed MTu present on ABD TERG 1-5. Spiracular apertures reniform. Dark dorsal abdominal cross-bands often present
Head smooth, and ANT tubercles moderately to well developed with smooth, broadly divergent inner faces. ANT III with rhinaria, and ABD TERG 1 and 7 usually without MTu
…..38
–
Head spiculose or, if smooth, then ANT tubercles weakly developed, ANT III without rhinaria and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..42
38
SIPH clavate
…..39
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half
…..40
39
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 8-19 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 6-11 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-29, IV (0)-1-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. ANT PT 1.6-2.3 × cauda
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-50 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 18-30 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 4-20, IV 0 (-1), V 0. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.4. ANT PT 2.0-3.0 × cauda
Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, usually more than 8.0. Hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.1 × BD III. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental markings
Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE less than 7.5. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.7 × BD III. Dorsum without any dark markings
…..41
41
R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II, with 16-25 accessory hairs
SIPH mainly pale and slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. ANT III without any rhinaria. (Al. with a solid black dorsal patch, and with secondary rhinaria on ANT IV-(V) as well as III)
SIPH dark and tapering/cylindrical. R IV+V (0.83-) 0.9-1.1. ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria near base. (Al. with separate dorsal cross-bands, and with secondary rhinaria usually on III only)
SIPH without hairs. Cauda tongue-shaped or knobbed
…..2
2
All adult viviparae winged. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. SIPH as short, pale, truncated cones
…..3
–
Adult viviparae apterous or alate. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH tubular, tapering or swollen on distal half
Forewings marked with broad bands of fuscous, especially along and behind the main vein and along the branches of the media. Head and thorax without spinal tubercles. Spinal tubercles on ABD TERG 2 large, dark, united over more than half their length (fig. 54A, as Tinocallis kahawaluokalani)
Forewings with veins often lightly bordered but without broad bands of fuscous. Head and thorax with spinal tubercles. Spinal tubercles on ABD TERG 2 pale or dusky, separate or fused only at bases (fig. 54B)
Aphis [aliena], [ballotae], [incerta Nevsky of Rusanova 1942], [pollinosa (nomen dubium)]; [Chaetosiphon heterotrichum]
Key to apterae on Lamium:-
1
Dorsal body hairs long and thick, much longer than ANT BD III, and many or all of them with knobbed or expanded apices, and arising from tuberculate bases
…..2
–
Dorsal body hairs mostly shorter than BD III; pointed or blunt, or if with somewhat expanded apices then without tuberculate bases
…..11
2
Longest hairs on ANT III shorter than or about equal to (0.5-1.1 ×) BD III, clearly shorter than hairs on ANT I. R IV+V at least 1.3 × HT II, with 6-18 accessory hairs. SIPH at least 0.2 × BL
…..3
–
Longest hairs on ANT III longer than (1.2-2.5 ×) BD III, similar in length to those on ANT I. R IV+V with 2-10 accessory hairs. SIPH less than 0.2 × BL
…..6
3
ANT PT 1.2-1.6 × ANT III. Longest hair on ANT III 0.9-1.1 × BD III
SIPH with distinctly swollen section on distal part, its maximum diameter 1.2-1.6 × minimum diameter on proximal half, the swollen part distinctly thicker than hind tibia. SIPH 3.6-5.0 × cauda
…..5
5
R IV+V with 11-18 accessory hairs. ABD TERG 1-4 each with a group of 2-3, rarely 4, marginal hairs on each side
ABD TERG 1-4 each with 5-14 capitate hairs; if with 12-14 then SIPH more than 0.15 × BL and more than 2 × cauda
…..9
9
SIPH 0.10-0.23 mm. The following discriminant function is less than 49.4: <0.5 × number of hairs on ABD TERG 3 plus 698 × HT II minus 0.7 × number of rhinaria on ANT III minus 309 × minimum width of basal part of SIPH
SIPH 0.17-0.38 mm; if less than 0.23 mm, then use the above discriminant function, the value of which is greater than 49.4
…..10
10
Rostrum reaching to hind coxae. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 8-14 hairs. The following discriminant function is usually (90% of specimens) greater than 20: <182 × length of longest hair on ABD TERG 2-4 plus 113 × ANT BASE VI plus 1.3 × number of hairs on ABD TERG 3 (not counting very small ones) minus 328 × length of longest hair on ANT I
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracles large and rounded. SIPH with a distinct annular incision proximal to the flange
…..12
–
Cauda either not evident, of if present then tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. Spiracles reniform. SIPH (if present) without a distinct subapical incision
…..13
12
Dorsum with a dark sclerotic shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, c. 2 × cauda
Use key to polyphagous aphids, but note the possibility that specimens similar to Aphis gossypii but with SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda may be A. punicae.
Dorsal body hairs long and pointed, the longest ones on ABD TERG 3 are 1.6-2.2 × ANT BD III. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. R IV+V 1.6-1.8 × HT II
Dorsal hairs much shorter. If dorsum is dark and sclerotic then R IV+V is less than 1.2 × HT II
…..2
2
SIPH wholly dark with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Head dark with well-developed, broadly divergent ANT tubercles. (Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation)
SIPH pale or dark, if dark then without subapical reticulation and head with ANT tubercles weakly developed
…..3
3
Head densely spiculose or nodulose, with well-developed, rounded ANT tubercles, their inner faces apically convergent. SIPH 2.8-3.5 × cauda; rather thick, very rugose for most of length and usually somewhat swollen on distal part, but narrowing and smooth subapically
If head densely spiculose then SIPH are less than 2.7 × cauda
…..4
4
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons, with 1-3 spicules in the centre of each polygon. Head smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed, SIPH clavate
Eyes of only 3 facets (except in alatiform specimens). Primary rhinaria smaller; longitudinal diameter of that on VI 0.33-0.47 × BASE VI. HT II 0.65-0.80 × hind tibia
ANT III with 11-97 rhinaria distributed over more than half of length
…..4
–
ANT III without rhinaria, or with 1-10 small rhinaria on basal part
…..8
4
SIPH strongly swollen over about distal 0.7, maximum width of swollen part being 1.5-2.6 × minimum width of basal part. Dorsum without any dark markings
SIPH cylindrical or tapering. Dorsum usually with dark markings
…..5
5
SIPH pale or dark, without any distinct polygonal reticulation. Dorsal hairs not arising from dark scleroites. Antesiphuncular sclerites absent, and usually also without postsiphuncular sclerites, but with a clear pattern of intersegmental dark markings. ANT III with 11-36 rhinaria. Thoracic spiracles much larger than abdominal ones
SIPH black with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.21-0.43 of length. Dorsal hairs arising from dark scleroites. Antesiphuncular sclerites present or absent, well-developed postsiphuncular sclerites always present. ANT III with 11-97 rhinaria. Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones
…..6
6
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. Antesiphuncular sclerites absent. R IV+V 1.15-1.26 × HT II and cauda with 16-17 hairs
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present (sometimes subdivided). R IV+V 1.17-1.85 × HT II and cauda with 14-28 hairs
…..7
7
R IV+V 1.45-1.85 × HT II. Coxae pale like basal parts of femora
ANT tubercles well-developed, smooth, divergent. SIPH pale, without subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal hairs short and inconspicuous. ANT III with 1-4 rhinaria near base