SIPH tubular; tapering,
cylindrical or swollen, longer than their basal widths. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-6.7
…..2
–
SIPH in form of short
truncate cones not longer than their basal widths, or present merely as
pores, or completely absent. ANT PT/BASE 0.1-1.8
…..15
2
ABD TERG 8 with a
supracaudal process (Fig.35b).
ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.3. SIPH flangeless, with a small terminal aperture
(Fig.35a)
…..Cavariella aquatica
–
No supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-6.7. SIPH with a flange and
normal aperture
…..3
3
SIPH dark with subapical
polygonal reticulation
…..4
–
SIPH pale or dark,
without any polygonal reticulation
…..6
4
Cauda dark, almost as
dark as SIPH. Dorsal abdomen with clearly defined dark segmental markings
…..Sitobion graminis
–
Cauda pale or dusky.
Dorsal abdomen with ill-defined dark pigmentation, not segmentally divided,
or unpigmented
…..5
5
SIPH 1.75-2.25 × cauda, which has a rounded apex. Dorsal abdomen
sometimes with ill-defined dark
pigmentation, darkest in central area
…..Sitobion fragariae
–
SIPH 1.1-1.4 × cauda,
which has a rather pointed apex. Dorsal abdomen usually pale, if with dark
pigmentation then the central area is palest
…..Sitobion avenae
6
ANT tubercles markedly
scabrous or spiculose. ANT III with 1-5 rhinaria
…..7
–
ANT tubercles not
markedly scabrous or spiculose. ANT III without rhinaria
…..8
7
ANT 0.5-0.7 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.0. ANT tubercles well developed, rounded, scabrous, and
frontal sinus narrow. Dorsal cuticle strongly wrinkled
…..Carolinaia
floris
–
ANT longer than BL, with
ANT PT/BASE c. 4. ANT tubercles low, divergent, spiculose, and frontal sinus
very broad. Dorsal cuticle with reticulate sculpturing
…..Carolinaia obscura
8
Cauda pale. SIPH pale, dark-tipped or dark, if entirely dark then much
darker than cauda
…..9
–
Cauda and SIPH with
similar dusky or dark pigmentation
…..11
9
SIPH black, calf-shaped,
contrasting with long pale cauda. Femora mainly dark. ANT PT/BASE 4.9-6.7
…..Hysteroneura setariae
–
SIPH pale or with dark apices, tapering from base. Femora pale. ANT
PT/BASE 2.8-4.8 (-5.0)
…..10
10
R IV+V 0.073-0.091 mm long, 0.38-0.56 ×
cauda
…..Schizaphis graminum
–
R IV+V 0.092-0.120 mm
long, 0.6-0.8 × cauda
…..Rhopalosiphum cerasifoliae
11
Dorsal cuticle usually dusky/dark,
sclerotic and very rough, with close-set irregular angular denticulation (Fig.35c). Marginal
abdominal tubercles (MTu) absent. SIPH short, tapering (Fig.35d), 0.08-0.11 ×
BL. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-3.1
…..Schizaphis palustris
–
Dorsal cuticle pale or
dusky, ornamented with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons. Small MTu
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. SIPH 0.11-0.21 × BL, clavate or cylindrical on
distal half. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-5.8
…..12
12
ABD TERG 8 with (5-) 6-16 hairs, 88-150
μm long. Hairs on outer side of hind tibia very long and fine, 2-3 ×
diameter of tibia at midlength
…..Schizaphis scirpi
–
ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs
up to 60 μm long. Hairs on outer side of hind tibia not much longer than
its midlength diameter
…..13
13
SIPH clavate (with narrow region proximal
to swollen part), more than 2 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.1-4.0
…..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae
–
SIPH not clavate; not
more than 2 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.6-5.8
…..14
14
ANT 6-segmented. ANT PT 1.2-1.9 × ANT III.
Longest hairs on ANT III shorter than BD III
…..Rhopalosiphum padi
–
ANT usually 5-segmented,
when 6-segmented ANT PT 1.7-2.6 × ANT III. Longest hairs on ANT III longer
than BD III
…..Rhopalosiphum insertum
15
Eyes multifaceted. SIPH present ;
pore-like, stump-shaped or broadly conical. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.8
…..16
–
Eyes with only 3 facets.
SIPH absent. ANT PT/BASE 0.1-0.5
…..24
16
Distal part of cauda developed into a knob.
Body oval or elongate, variably sclerotized. SIPH stump-shaped or as raised
pores on shallow cones
…..17
–
Cauda either undeveloped
or broadly rounded, not evident. Body narrowly elongate, dorsum strongly
sclerotized. SIPH as scarcely elevated pores with chitinised rims
…..22
17
Dorsal hairs spine-like, with numerous
small denticles or spinules between the hairs. Anal plate entire. Eyes with
ocular tubercles (triommatidia)
…..Sipha glyceriae
–
Dorsal hairs fan-shaped or finely pointed. Anal plate bilobed. Eyes
without ocular tubercles
…..18
18
Dorsal hairs fan-shaped. Fore- and
mid-tibiae thickened at base, forming a smooth sclerotic “patella” (clearly
different from base of hind tibia). Body oval
…..19
–
Dorsal hairs pointed.
Fore- and mid-tibiae with bases like hind tibia. Body elongate
…..21
19
SIPH situated on ABD TERG 6, with anterior edge of cone behind the border
between ABD TERG 5 and 6. ABD TERG 8 with a pair of large processes each
bearing 2 long rod-shaped or slightly capitate hairs
…..Saltusaphis scirpus
–
SIPH situated on border between ABD TERG 5 and 6. ABD TERG 8 with or
without hair-bearing processes
…..20
20
Head broadly rounded, with lateral margin
between ANT socket and eye sloping towards vertex. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-0.8
…..Juncobia leegei
–
Head not broadly rounded,
with lateral margin between ANT socket and eye almost parallel to
mid-line. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-1.8
…..Iziphya bufo
21
Front of head with a very prominent
quadrate median projection, almost extending forward to apex of ANT I.
Posterior margin of ABD TERG 8 slightly emarginate. Dorsal cuticle rather
pale, with numerous small nodules. Wax pores not apparent
…..Thripsaphis verrucosa
–
Front of head with much
less prominent, rounded, median projection. Posterior margin of ABD TERG 8
not emarginate. Dorsal cuticle rather dark, especially on margins and
posteriorly, with numerous wax pores
…..Thripsaphis cyperi
22
Dorsal body hairs numerous, long and
spine-like, the longest 110-200 μm long. ANT III with 3-5 hairs 50-70
μm long
…..Atheroides hirtellus
–
Dorsal body hairs maximally
30 μm long, rod-shaped or flabellate. ANT III with 0-3 hairs, maximally
15-20 μm long
…..23
23
Dorsal abdominal hairs rod-shaped, ABD TERG 1-5 with only 2-4 spinal hairs and 2 pleural hairs per segment. Marginal hairs longer and more conspicuous
…..Atheroides serrulatus
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs
mostly flabellate, and much more numerous, in 2-3 irregular rows on each of
ABD TERG 1-5. Marginal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 not longer than pleuro-spinal
hairs
…..Atheroides brevicornis
24
First
tarsal segments with 2 or 3 hairs. Cauda dark, evident, semicircular or
bluntly triangular
…..25
–
First tarsal segments
with 4 or more hairs. Cauda not evident
…..26
25
Large wax glands present on head, thorax
and adbomen. Cauda rounded, with c.16 hairs. R IV+V 0.7-1.1 × HT II
…..Prociphilus erigeronensis
–
Wax glands not
evident. Cauda bluntly triangular
(conical), with c.60 hairs. R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II
…..Prociphilus corrugatans
26
Primary rhinaria without fimbriate margins,
the primary rhinarium on ANT V being much larger than that on ANT IV. Anal plate in normal ventral position
…..Forda
formicaria
–
Primary rhinaria with fimbriate margins, and of similar size on ANT IV
and V. Anal plate enlarged and displaced dorsally
The aphid fauna of junipers
includes at least 19 species of Cinara, several of which are known only
from their original descriptions. An attempt is made to discriminate these
species in the key below, but for some of the species in the genus Cinara s.
str.insufficient samples are available to estimate the range of
seasonal variation, so determinations should be treated warily, especially in
the case of species marked *, specimens of which have not been seen by the
authors.
SIPH long and tubular, with
subapical reticulation
…..2
–
SIPH (if visible) not long and tubular
…..3
2
SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half (fig. 53A). Antennal hairs short, those on ANT III all less than 0.5× basal diameter of segment
…..Illinoia
morrisoni
–
SIPH cylindrical on distal half (although reticulated zone sometimes somewhat constricted). Longest antennal hairs more than 0.5× basal diameter of segment
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
3
SIPH absent, or inconspicuous pores, or small pale cones
…..4
–
SIPH in form of large pores on broad, often pigmented, hairy cones
…..6
4
Cauda longer than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. Wax pore plates not developed. Legs normal
…..5
–
Cauda broadly rounded, much shorter than its basal width. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.25 Wax pore plates on posterior dorsal abdomen. Legs very thick, and tibiae armed with spines distally (fig. 53B)
…..Gootiella
tremulae
5
Antenna usually 4-segmented. Frons with a median quadrate projection (fig. 53C). SIPH reduced to minute pores hardly larger than spiracles. Cauda long and tapering, with more than 20 hairs
…..Sanbornia
juniperi
–
Antenna 5- or 6-segmented. Frons without a median projection. SIPH as small, pale cones (fig. 44A). Cauda tongue-shaped with about 10 hairs
…..Siphonatrophia
cupressi
6
Rostrum much longer than body
…..Stomaphis
cupressi
–
Rostrum much shorter than body
…..7
7
Hairs on ANT III sparse and
very short, less than 0.5× diameter of segment at midpoint
…..Cinara wahhaca
–
Hairs on ANT III mostly longer than diameter of segment at midpoint
…..8
8
Antennae and legs densely clothed in fine, rather short, rather recumbent, hairs; those on ANT III mostly less than 1.5× diameter of segment at midpoint, and those on hind tibia mostly less than width of tibia at midpoint (fig. 53D). SIPH base with more than 70 very fine hairs, shorter than diameter of siphuncular pore
…..Cinara
juniperivora
–
Hairs less fine and numerous, more erect and usually longer. SIPH base if with more than 70 hairs then many of these are longer than diameter of siphuncular pore
…..9
9
Hairs on ANT III mostly less than
2× diameter of segment at midpoint and/or hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia mostly
less than 1.5× width of tibia at midpoint
…..10
–
Hairs on ANT III mostly more than 2× diameter at midpoint and/or hairs on dorsal side of hind tibia mostly more than 1.5× its width at midpoint
…..14
10
SIPH cones large, of maximum basal diameter more than 0.3 mm
…..Cinara
rubicunda*
–
SIPH cones of maximum basal diameter less than 0.27 mm
…..11
11
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.5. Diameter of base of SIPH cone less than 0.12 mm
…..Cinara tonaluca*
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.4. Diameter of base
of SIPH cone more than 0.14 mm
…..12
12
ANT BASE VI less than 0.5× HT II
…..Cinara
burrilli*/pulverulens
–
ANT BASE VI more than 0.5× HT II
…..13
13
Dorsum with numerous hairs, not confined to
transverse rows. ANT III with a rhinarium near apex
…..Cinara
manitobensis
–
Dorsum with fewer hairs arranged in
transverse rows. ANT III usually without a subapical rhinarium
…..Cinara
cognita*
14
HT I with dorsal length more than, or at
least equal to (1.0-1.2×) basal width (e.g, fig. 53E). PT
with 4-5 subapical hairs
….15
–
HT I with dorsal length distinctly
shorter than (0.5-0.9×) basal width (e.g., fig. 53F). PT usually with 3
subapical hairs (subgenus Cupressobium)
…..16
15
Greatest diameter of SIPH cone 0.25 mm,
less than R IV+V. HT II less than 0.25 mm. ANT BASE VI less than 0.14 mm
…..Cinara
wahluca
–
Greatest diameter of SIPH cone at least
0.28 mm, more than R IV+V. HT II more than 0.25mm long. ANT BASE VI 0.14 mm
or more
…..Cinara
juniperensis
16
Hind tibiae uniformly brown, except
sometimes for a slightly lighter region on the basal half
…..17
–
Hind tibiae mostly pale or at least
with an extensive pale region between the dark base and apex
…..23
17
Length of sclerotised part of stylet
groove more than 1.25 mm, more than 0.37 × BL. ANT III with 0-8 secondary
rhinaria
…..18
–
Length of sclerotised part of
stylet groove less than 1.25 mm, and less than 0.34 × BL . ANT III without secondary rhinaria
…..19
18
R IV+V 0.29-0.34 mm, 3-4 × its basal
width. Dorsal length of HT I is 0.62-0.87 × its basal width
…..Cinara
smolandiae
–
R IV+V 0.35-0.40 mm, 4-5 × its
basal width. Dorsal length of HT I is 0.41-0.50 × its basal width
…..Cinara
dahurica*
19
Longest dorsal tibial hairs 1.1-1.3 ×
width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III 1.2-1.6 × longer than maximum diameter of
SIPH base. R IV+V 0.29-0.33 mm
…..Cinara
lalazarica*
–
Longest dorsal tibial hairs 1.5-2.7
× width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III less than 1.2 × longer than maximum
diameter of SIPH base. R IV+V 0.20-0.27 mm
…..20
20
Longest dorsal tibial hairs about 1.5
× width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III 0.26-0.30 (-0.35) mm long, hardly
longer than ANT VI (incl. PT)
…..Cinara
petersoni
–
Longest dorsal tibial hairs 1.9-2.7
× width of tibia at midpoint. ANT III 0.29-0.40 mm long, 1.25-1.7 × longer
than ANT VI (incl. PT)
…..21
21
BL 2.7-3.3 mm. ANT V 0.85-1.05 × ANT VI (incl. PT). ABD TERG 2
without spinopleural sclerites
…..Cinara
mordvilkoi
–
BL often less than 2.7 mm (range 2.1-3.4 mm). ANT V 0.7-0.9 ×
ANT VI (incl. PT). ABD TERG 2 with spinopleural sclerites
…..22
22
R IV short, 0.12-0.15 mm long, and
bearing 3-4 accessory hairs. R IV+V 0.60-0.85 × HT II. ANT BASE VI often slightly
constricted at about its midpoint (fig. 53G)
…..Cinara juniperi
–
R IV 0.15-0.18 mm long and bearing
4-6 accessory hairs. R IV+V0.83-0.99× HT II. ANT BASE VI
without a constriction (as in fig. 53H)
…..Cinara
oxycedri
23
Tibiae darkonly at apices (“knees” pale)
…..24
–
Tibiae dark at least at both apices and bases (dark “knees”)
…..28
24
Hairs on antennae and dorsal body thick and rigid, with acute or blunt
apices
…..Cinara asishghoshi*
–
Hairs on antennae and dorsal body fine and with finely pointed apices …..25
25
R III(third segment of
rostrum) with more than 28 hairs. R IV+V with 6-8 accessory hairs. ANT PT
with 3 subapical hairs. ANT V and sometimes also ANT IV with a secondary
sensorium
…..Cinara
tujafilina
–
R III (third segment of rostrum) with less than 18 hairs. R IV+V
with 4-5 accessory hairs. ANT PT with 2 subapical hairs. ANT V without a
secondary sensorium
…..26
26
ANT III 1.6-2.3 ×ANT
VI (incl. PT), and bearing less than 20 hairs.Cauda bluntly
triangular. ABD TERG 8 with 8-13 hairs
…..Cinara
louisianensis
–
ANT III 2.2-3.6 ×ANT
VI (incl. PT), and bearing more than 25 hairs. Cauda broadly rounded.
ABD TERG 8 with 18-27 hairs
…..27
27
Metanotum and ABD TERG 1 and 2 withpairs of well-developed
spinopleural sclerites.ANT VI BASE with 6-11 hairs. Longest hairs on
hind tibia are 120-180 μm
…..Cinara taurica*
–
Metanotum and ABD TERG 1 and 2 without spinopleural sclerites. ANT VI BASE with 5-6 hairs. Longest hairs on hind tibia are 80-140 μm
…..Cinara
pseudosabinae*
28
ANT VI BASE with 4-6 (-7) hairs
restricted to basal half (fig. 44B). R IV
with 2-4 accessory hairs. Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove 0.9-1.2
mm. Alata with 1-6 rhinaria restricted to distal half of ANT III
…..Cinara
cupressi
–
ANT VI BASE with 7-12 hairs not
restricted to basal half (fig. 44C). R IV with 5-7 accessory hairs. Length of
sclerotised part of stylet groove 1.3-1.6 mm. Alata with 6-11 rhinaria
extending over most of ANT III
SIPH black, with
polygonal reticulation on distal 0.16-0.35 of length. Cauda black. ANT III
black, with 16-54 rhinaria. Dorsal hairs arising from separate dark
scleroites
…..2
–
SIPH and cauda pale or
dark, SIPH if dark then without polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10
rhinaria . Dorsal hairs not arising from separate dark scleroites
…..3
2
Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present. ANT I very long, almost 3 × ANT II. Cauda
with c.8 hairs
…..Paczoskia jurineicola*
–
Antesiphuncular sclerites absent. ANT I less than 2 × ANT II. Cauda
with 22-28 hairs
…..Uroleucon jaceae group
3
ANT tubercles well
developed, cuticle of head spiculose. ANT III with 1-2 rhinaria near base. SIPH
pale except at apices
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
ANT tubercles
undeveloped, cuticle of head without spicules. ANT III with or without
rhinaria. SIPH pale or dark
…..4
4
Dorsum with an extensive black shield.Spiracles large and rounded. Mesosternum with a pair of dark
mammariform processes. Cauda short and rounded, with 6-8 hairs
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsum without an
extensive black shield and/or other characters do not apply
…..5
5
R IV+V longer than ANT
PT. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.0
…..6
–
R IV+V much shorter than
ANT PT.ANT PT/BASE 1.6-3.5
…..7
6
CAUDA bearing 16-20
hairs. SIPH dark
…..Protaphis terricola
–
CAUDA bearing 6-8 hairs.
SIPH pale
…..Brachyunguis tigrahaudus*
7
SIPH 1.8-2.8 × cauda which
bears c.8 hairs. ABD TERG 2-4 as well as 1 and 7 with large MTu
…..Aphis jurineae
–
SIPH 0.7-1.8 × cauda, which bears 11-27 hairs. ABD TERG 2-4 sometimes
with small MTu
SIPH pale and very strongly
swollen over about distal 0.7, with maximum width of swollen part 1.9-3.0 ×
minimum width of basal stem. Cuticle of head smooth, with rather low, rounded
ANT tubercles, not projecting forward beyond medial frontal prominence in
dorsal view
…..Neoamphorophora kalmiae
–
SIPH pale or dark,
cylindrical or swollen on distal half to 1.1-1.5 of minimum width of basal
half. Cuticle of head smooth or spiculose. ANT tubercles project forward far
beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view
…..2
2
SIPH pale and tapering or
cylindrical, or only very slightly swollen on distal half, and with only 1-2
rows of polygonal cells (if any) at apex. ANT III without rhinaria. Head
cuticle spiculose. Cauda elongate triangular/tongue-shaped
…..Ericaphis wakibae
–
SIPH mainly dark,
sometimes paler at base, distinctly clavate, with 4-8 rows of polygonal cells
on constricted subapical part. ANT III with 2-9 rhinaria. Head cuticle
smooth. Cauda finger-like, long and pale
…..3
3
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.15-0.4 × BD III. (Al. with 12-19 rhinaria
on ANT III)
…..Illinoia azaleae ssp. kalmiaflora
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-0.8 × BD III. (Al. with 22-41 rhinaria on
ANT III)
Couplets
2-4 follow Kadyrbekov (2001b) and Kadyrbekov et al. (2002).
1
SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.25-0.32 of
length. ANT PT/BASE 1.75-2.15. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles
(MTu)
…..Macrosiphoniella kareliniae
–
SIPH less than 0.1 × BL
and without polygonal reticulation. ANT PT/BASE 0.6-1.05. ABD TERG 1 and 7
(at least) with MTu
…..2
2
ABD TERG 6 with MTu. ANT
III and IV without rhinaria
…..Protaphis kareliniae*
–
ABD TERG 6 without MTu.
ANT III usually with a few rhinaria on distal part, and sometimes on ANT IV
…..3
3
ANT PT/BASE 0.6-0.7.
Diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is 2.3-2.7 × basal diameter of ANT III
…..Protaphis iliensis*
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.85-1.05.
Diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is 1.3-2.0 × basal diameter of ANT III
…..4
4
SIPH 0.047-0.057 × BL, 1.2-1.6 × their maximum width and 0.65-0.85 ×
cauda
…..Protaphis carthami
–
SIPH 0.062-0.075 × BL, 1.8-2.5 × their maximum width and 0.9-1.25 ×
cauda
Head, thorax and marginal
and posterior parts of abdomen with extensive dark pigmentation. SIPH mainly
dark, somewhat paler in middle. ANT tubercles well developed, steep-sided. Head
with spicules at least ventrally. ANT III usually with 1-2 (-3) rhinaria on
ANT III
Densely hairy aphid, BL more than 3 mm. Aptera
with multi-facetted eyes. Secondary rhinaria rounded. SIPH as large pores on
shallow pigmented hairy cones. Cauda rounded with numerous hairs
…..Cinara keteleeriae
–
Sparsely haired aphid, BL less than
2.5 mm. Aptera with 3-facetted eyes. Secondary rhinaria of alata transversely
elongate. SIPH as small pores without surrounding hairs or pigmentation.
Cauda triangular with 2 hairs
ANT tubercles undeveloped
or weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..5
2
Cauda with 14-24 hairs.
Longest hairs on hind femur as long as or longer than diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture. Well-developed MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 as well
as 1 and 7. ANT PT/BASE 3-4
…..Aphis longini
–
Cauda with 4-9 hairs. Longest hairs on hind femur 0.15-0.7 of diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Small MTu present or absent from ABD TERG 2-4(-5). ANT PT/BASE 1.5-3.3
…..3
3
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter 0.2-0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on anterior
half of subgenital plate 0.2-0.5 × ANT BD III
…..Aphis thomasi
–
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter 0.6-1.1 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on anterior
half of subgenital plate 1.0-3.0 × ANT BD III
…..4
4
R IV+V 1.40–1.52 × HT II.
Hairs on hind femora and antennae pointed. Hairs on anterior half of
subgenital plate 2.2–2.9 × ANT BD III
…..Aphis
holmani Kanturski & Bezdĕk*
–
R IV+V 1.00–1.37 × HT
II. Hairs on hind femora and antennae with blunt apices. Hairs on anterior
half of subgenital plate 1.0–2.0 × ANT BD III
…..Aphis confusa
5
Head and SIPH black. ANT
III with 7-25 rhinaria. SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.1-0.2 of
length (8 or more rows of closed cells)
…..6
–
Head and SIPH pale. ANT
III with 0-3 rhinaria. SIPH without polygonal reticulation or with only 1-4
rows of closed cells
…..7
6
R IV+V usually (in 90%)
less than 0.17 mm, 0.92-1.17 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum rosae
–
R IV+V usually (in 90%) more
than 0.17 mm, 1.19-1.9 × HT II …..Macrosiphum knautiae
7
Cuticle
of head smooth dorsally and ventrally.
PT 1.5-2.3 × ANT III, which is without rhinaria. SIPH slightly swollen
subapically, narrowing to a slight constriction before flange
……Ovatomyzus boraginacearum
–
Head spinulose at least on ventral surface. PT 0.8-1.6 × ANT III,
which is with or without 1 or more small rhinaria near base. SIPH
cylindrical, slightly swollen distally, or clavate
…..8
8
SIPH clavate, with
thinnest part of “stem” thinner than or as thin as hind tibia at midlength.
ANT III without rhinaria
…..Myzus ascalonicus
–
SIPH tapering/cylindrical
or only slightly swollen, thicker than hind tibiae at midlength. ANT III with
1 or more small rhinaria near base
…..9
9
Outer side of ANT I with
2-4 hairs on basal half. SIPH slightly swollen on distal 0.33, with at least
2-3 rows of closed polygonal cells subapically. SIPH 2.2-2.9 × cauda. Head
with anterio-dorsal part devoid of spinules
…..Aulacorthum knautiae
–
Outer side of ANT I with
1-2 hairs on basal half. SIPH cylindrical on distal part, sometimes with 1-3
indistinct rows of closed polygonal cells subapically, but usually without
any. SIPH 2.0-2.5 × cauda. Head including anterio-dorsal part with numerous
spinules
SIPH 0.15-0.22 × BL and
0.7-0.8 × head width across (and including) eyes, with polygonal reticulation
on distal 0.25-0.35 of length
…..Sitobion schoelli
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation, or if with reticulation then this
extends over only distal 0.1-0.2 of length, and SIPH are 0.3-0.4 × BL and
1.3-1.9 × head width across eyes
Dorsal hairs with
expanded, often furcate apices (Fig.36a, b). Cauda
long and thin, 4-5 × longer than its middle width (e.g. Fig.36c)
…..2
–
Dorsal hairs blunt or
pointed. Cauda less than 4 × its middle width
…..3
2
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-1.9. SIPH
0.8-0.95 × cauda. Dorsal hairs with small pale tuberculate bases (Fig.36a)
…..Chaitaphis tenuicauda
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.9. SIPH
0.6-0.75 × cauda. Dorsal hairs arising from large, rather rugose,
hemispherical, often pigmented, tuberculate bases (Fig.36b)
starting at
couplet 24, where specimens running to A.
craccivora may be A. salsolae
–
ANT PT/BASE0.8-1.4. SIPH 0.5-0.9 × cauda
…..4
4
SIPH in form of dark,
broad-based cones, shorter than their basal widths (Fig.36f). Cauda
bluntly conical, shorter than its basal width. Clypeus dark and swollen, but
not globose (Fig.36e)
…..Xerobion eriosomatinum
–
SIPH pale or dusky, tubular, often slightly swollen, much longer than
their basal widths (Fig.36i). Cauda finger-like, longer than its basal width.
Clypeus globose (Fig.36d)
ANT equal to or more than
BL. ANT III with 3-15 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.5. SIPH 0.25-0.3 × BL, with
polygonal reticulation on distal 0.3-0.5. Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer
than broad
…..2
–
ANT up to 0.6 × BL. ANT
III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-2.0. SIPH are short, conical or
tubular, 0.05-0.15 × BL, without polygonal reticulation. Cauda is broadly
rounded or conical
…..3
2
BL 2.8-4.2 mm. Cauda
0.42-0.55 mm, with 15-24 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae
–
BL 1.6-2.3 mm. Cauda
0.24-0.44 mm, with 6-13 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella frigidicola
3
ANT only about 0.25 × BL. SIPH as small pores raised on small
sclerotic cones. R IV+V not stiletto-shaped. Dorsal body hairs without
tuberculate bases. Cauda is very broadly rounded
..…Brachycaudus eurotiae*
–
ANT
more than 0.3 × BL. SIPH tubular,
swollen, longer than basal width. RIV+V stiletto-shaped, with long tubular
RV. Dorsal body hairs mostly arise from tuberculate bases. Cauda is conical
SIPH black, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, 1.4-1.8 ×
the finger-like cauda. ANT III with 28-62 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 4.7-6.2. R
IV+V very short, 0.6-0.8 × HT II
Key to apterae on Lactuca (also Mulgedium and Pterocypsela):-
(See
Blackman & Eastop 2000, for an illustrated key to common aphids on
lettuce.)
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH either absent , or present only as
pores on shallow cones
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE at least 0.7.
SIPH tubular
…..5
2
HT II of normal length.
Body hairs sparse
…..3
–
HT II very elongate, more
than 0.5 × hind tibia. Body hairs numerous, conspicuous
…..4
3
R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long, and without accessory hairs. Hairs at apices
of tibiae and on first tarsal segments short and thick. Cauda and anal plate
not projecting posteriorly
…..Pemphigus spp.
–
R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm
long, with 4-8 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and on first tarsal
segments long and fine. Cauda and anal plate forming a dark posterior
projection of the abdomen
…..Prociphilus erigeronensis
4
SIPH present as shallow
cones. Eyes usually with more than 12 facets
…..Trama caudata
–
SIPH absent. Eyes with
only 3 facets
…..Trama troglodytes
5
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells)
…..6
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation
…..31
6
SIPH pale, sometimes
dusky towards apices. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs
…..7
–
SIPH wholly dark, or pale only on basal part or in middle. First
tarsal segments with 3-5 hairs
…..9
7
SIPH reticulation consisting of numerous (<100) small polygonal cells. ANT PT/BASE 2.9-3.4
…..Uroleucon mulgedii*
–
SIPH reticulation consisting of fewer larger polygonal cells. ANT
PT/BASE more than 4
…..8
8
SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, 1.7-2.2 × cauda. ANT III with 1-8 (-10) rhinaria
on basal part
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH c.0.45 × BL and c.2.6 × cauda. ANT III with 9-15 rhinaria on
middle part
…..Macrosiphum pulcherimum*
9
SIPH with grossly inflated,
balloon-like section proximal to reticulated subapical part. Head strongly
spiculose. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical, or flared apically. Head without
spicules. ANT III with rhinaria
…..10
10
ANT III with 1-4 small rhinaria near base.
SIPH with a distinct flange. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation when present
diffuse or as dark bands, not concentrated at hair-bases. R IV+V 0.09-0.14 mm
long, shorter than HT II and bearing 6 accessory hairs. Cauda with 7-10 (-12)
hairs
…..11
–
ANT III with more than 5
rhinaria. SIPH with flange small or undeveloped. Dorsal abdominal
pigmentation when present consisting of dark scleroites at hair bases. R IV+V
0.125-0.24 mm, often longer than HT II and bearing 8 or more accessory hairs.
Cauda with 8-37 hairs
…..12
11
Dorsal abdominal pigmentation usually consisting of segmentally arranged, variably developed
but well-defined black bars. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 20 μm
long
…..Sitobion africanum
–
Dorsal abdominal
pigmentation variably developed, ill-defined and not segmentally divided.
Longest hairs on ANT III more than 20 μm long
…..Sitobion miscanthi
12
SIPH with pale basal section
…..13
–
SIPH wholly dark, or
sometimes with paler middle section
…..14
13
ANT III with 5-17 rhinaria. R IV+V longer
than HT II. SIPH more than 2 × cauda, which has 1 or more distal hairs short
and blunt or capitate
…..Uroleucon erigeronense
–
ANT III with 42-69
rhinaria. R IV+V shorter than HT II. SIPH thick, less than 2 × cauda, which
has distal hairs all fine-pointed
…..Uroleucon bielawskii
14
Cauda almost as dark as SIPH
…..15
–
Cauda distinctly paler
than SIPH
…..16
15
ANT III with 51-77 rhinaria, extending over
most of its length. Primary rhinarium on ANT V flat and not clearly larger
than secondary rhinaria on III
…..Uroleucon compositae
–
ANT III with 11-19
rhinaria confined to basal half. Primary rhinarium on ANT V protruberant and
much larger than secondary rhinaria on III
…..Uroleucon lactucicola
16
ANT III 1.5-2.0 × longer than ANT IV+V
together
…..17
–
ANT III less than 1.2 ×
ANT IV+V together
…..18
17
ANT III with 96-135 strongly protruberant
rhinaria. Cauda 1.3-1.9 × ANT V. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-6.3
…..Uroleucon formosanum
–
ANT III with 49-93
rhinaria, which do not protrude strongly. Cauda 0.85-1.3 × ANT V. ANT PT/BASE
6.0-8.4
…..Uroleucon sonchellum
18
Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites
present
…..19
–
Antesiphuncular sclerites
absent or indistinct
…..23
19
R IV+V 0.67-0.95 × HT II
…..Uroleucon chondrillae
–
R IV+V 1.17-1.84 × HT II
…..20
20
SIPH short and thick, 0.14-0.15 × BL
…..Uroleucon longisetosum
–
SIPH 0.20-0.29 × BL
…..21
21
R IV+V 1.17-1.33 × HT II
…..Uroleucon cichorii
–
R IV+V 1.45-1.84 × HT II
…..22
22
ANT VI BASE 0.6-0.7 × R IV+V, which is c.4.2†
× longer than its basal width. Marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on
ABD TERG 2-4. ANT III with 25-66 rhinaria extending for 0.7-0.9 of its
length. Cauda with 12-25 hairs
…..Uroleucon picridis
–
ANT VI BASE c.0.9 × R IV+V, which is c.2.2† × longer than its basal width. MTu absent. ANT III with c.26 rhinaria mostly on basal half. Cauda with c.37 hairs †these figures were erroneously transposed in Blackman & Eastop (2006)
…..Uroleucon hasanicum*
23
Coxae dusky/dark, distinctly darker than basal
parts of femora
…..24
–
Coxae pale, concolorous
with basal parts of femora
…..27
24
Cauda with 10-12 hairs. ANT III with 45-62
rhinaria
…..Uroleucon ochropus
–
Cauda with 20-35 hairs.
ANT III with 9-45 (-69) rhinaria
…..25
25
Scleroites at bases of
dorsal hairs more than 2×diameter of hair bases. SIPH 0.67-0.77 mm long
…..Uroleucon deltense
–
Scleroites at bases of
dorsal hairs absent or very small, rarely more than 2×diameter of hair bases.
SIPH 0.8-1.3 mm long
…..26
26
SIPH 0.25-0.4 × BL and 1.4-1.9 × cauda,
which is pale. ANT III with rhinaria confined to basal 0.5 (-0.6) of length
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
SIPH 0.20-0.25 (-0.29) ×
BL and 1.2-1.5 × cauda, which is pale or dusky. ANT III with rhinaria
extending over 0.6-0.8 of length
…..Uroleucon brevirostre*
27
Ventral side of hind tibia with a row of short, peg-like hairs. Dorsal
abdominal hairs long; those on ABD TERG 3 maximally 50-60 μm, about 2 ×
ANT BD III
…..Uroleucon fuchuense
–
Hind tibia without a distinct
row of peg-like hairs (although ventral hairs are often the shortest). Hairs
on ABD TERG 3 maximally 20-45 μm, less than 1.6 × ANT BD III
….28
28
SIPH rather thick (c.8-12 × longer than
diameter at midlength), 1.1-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.9-1.45 × HT II
…..29
–
SIPH long and thin
(c.11-17 × longer than diameter at midlength), 1.5-2.0 × cauda. R IV+V
0.75-0.9 (-1.0) × HT II)
…..30
29
HT II rather long and thin, 6 or more ×
longer than its maximum thickness and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
HT II less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.70-0.85 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
30
SIPH 1.22-1.33 mm long, 0.32-0.37 × BL.
Cauda with 27-34 hairs …..Uroleucon bicolor*
–
SIPH 0.65-0.77 mm long,
0.22-0.33 × BL. Cauda with 11-19 hairs
…..Uroleucon murale
31
Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular,
shorter than or not clearly longer
than its basal width in dorsal view
…..32
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, or elongate triangular, clearly longer
than its basal width
…..37
32
ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. Marginal tubercles
(MTu) either absent or present on ABD TERG 1-5, but never on ABD TERG 7.
Cauda helmet-shaped with 5-7 hairs
…..33
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.4. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with well-developed MTu. Cauda bluntly triangular with 14-28 hairs
…..34
33
SIPH imbricated, very small, 0.03-0.08 mm. Well-developed MTu present
on ABD TERG 1-5. Spiracular apertures reniform. Dark dorsal abdominal
cross-bands often present
…..Dysaphis microsiphon
–
SIPH smooth, 0.08-0.14
mm. MTu absent. Spiracular apertures rounded. Never with dark dorsal markings
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
34
MTu consistently present and well-developed on ABD TERG 6 as well as
on 1 and 7
…..Protaphis astrakhanica*
–
Only ABD TERG 1 and 7
with well-developed MTu.MTu on ABD
TERG 6 only sporadically present and then much smaller
….35
35
ANT PT 0.75-1.05 × SIPH
…..Protaphis terricola
–
ANT PT 1.06-1.4 × SIPH
…..36
36
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.4
…..Protaphis pseudocardui
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.0
…..Protaphis lactucicola*
37
Head smooth, and ANT tubercles moderately to well developed with smooth, broadly divergent inner faces. ANT III with rhinaria, and ABD TERG 1 and 7 usually without MTu
…..38
–
Head spiculose or, if
smooth, then ANT tubercles weakly developed, ANT III without rhinaria and ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..42
38
SIPH clavate
…..39
–
SIPH tapering or
cylindrical on distal half
…..40
39
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 8-19 μm long,
and on ANT tubercles 6-11 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III
11-29, IV (0)-1-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. ANT PT 1.6-2.3 × cauda
…..Hyperomyzus carduellinus
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are
30-50 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 18-30 μm. Secondary rhinaria
distributed ANT III 4-20, IV 0 (-1), V 0. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.4. ANT PT 2.0-3.0
× cauda
…..Hyperomyzus lactucae
40
Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger
than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, usually more than 8.0. Hairs
on ANT III 0.7-1.1 × BD III. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental
markings
…..Nasonovia ribisnigri
–
Thoracic spiracles
similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE less than 7.5. Hairs on ANT
III less than 0.7 × BD III. Dorsum without any dark markings
…..41
41
R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II, with 16-25 accessory hairs
…..Acyrthosiphon lactucae /scariolae group
–
R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II,
with 6-8 accessory hairs
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
42
Head densely spiculose and dorsum with extensive uniform dusky/dark
sclerotisation
…..43
–
Head smooth or spiculose;
if spiculose then dorsum is not extensively sclerotised or has a clearly
defined pattern of dark markings
SIPH mainly pale and slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II.
ANT III without any rhinaria. (Al. with a solid black dorsal patch, and with
secondary rhinaria on ANT IV-(V) as well as III)
…..Myzus lactucicola
–
SIPH
dark and tapering/cylindrical. R IV+V (0.83-) 0.9-1.1. ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria
near base. (Al. with separate dorsal cross-bands, and with secondary rhinaria
usually on III only)
SIPH with numerous long hairs. Cauda
rounded with an apical papilla …..Greenidea psidii
–
SIPH without hairs. Cauda
tongue-shaped or knobbed
…..2
2
All adult viviparae winged. Cauda
knobbed, anal plate bilobed. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. SIPH as short, pale,
truncated cones
…..3
–
Adult viviparae apterous or alate.
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5.
SIPH tubular, tapering or swollen on distal half
Forewings marked with broad bands of
fuscous, especially along and behind the main vein and along the branches of
the media. Head and thorax without spinal tubercles. Spinal tubercles on ABD
TERG 2 large, dark, united over more than half their length (fig. 54A, as Tinocallis
kahawaluokalani)
…..
Sarucallis kahawaluokalani
–
Forewings with veins often lightly
bordered but without broad bands of fuscous. Head and thorax with spinal
tubercles. Spinal tubercles on ABD TERG 2 pale or dusky, separate or fused
only at bases (fig. 54B)
Aphis [aliena], [ballotae], [incerta
Nevsky of Rusanova
1942], [pollinosa (nomen dubium)]; [Chaetosiphon heterotrichum]
Key
to apterae on Lamium:-
1
Dorsal body hairs long and
thick, much longer than ANT BD III, and many or all of them with knobbed or
expanded apices, and arising from tuberculate bases
…..2
–
Dorsal body hairs mostly
shorter than BD III; pointed or blunt, or if with somewhat expanded apices
then without tuberculate bases
…..11
2
Longest hairs on ANT III
shorter than or about equal to (0.5-1.1 ×) BD III, clearly shorter than hairs
on ANT I. R IV+V at least 1.3 × HT II, with 6-18 accessory hairs. SIPH at
least 0.2 × BL
…..3
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
longer than (1.2-2.5 ×) BD III, similar in length to those on ANT I. R IV+V
with 2-10 accessory hairs. SIPH less than 0.2 × BL
…..6
3
ANT PT 1.2-1.6 × ANT III. Longest hair on ANT III 0.9-1.1 × BD III
…..Cryptomyzus ballotae
–
ANT PT more than 1.6 × ANT
III. Longest hair on ANT III 0.5-0.8 × BD III
…..4
4
SIPH more-or-less
cylindrical, with little trace of swelling; thinner than hind tibia for most
of length. SIPH 2.2-3.1 × cauda
…..Cryptomyzus ribis
–
SIPH with distinctly
swollen section on distal part, its maximum diameter 1.2-1.6 × minimum
diameter on proximal half, the swollen part distinctly thicker than hind
tibia. SIPH 3.6-5.0 × cauda
…..5
5
R IV+V with 11-18
accessory hairs. ABD TERG 1-4 each with a group of 2-3, rarely 4, marginal
hairs on each side
…..Cryptomyzus korschelti
–
R IV+V with 7-13
accessory hairs. ABD TERG 1-4 each with a group of 4-5 marginal hairs on each
side
…..Cryptomyzus taoi
6
Hairs on ANT III all
pointed, the longest of them 1.7-2.1 × BD III. ANT III with 7-19 rhinaria, distributed
over most of its length
…..Cryptomyzus multipilosus*
–
Hairs on ANT III all
distinctly capitate, the longest of them either
1.2-1.7 × or 2.2-2.5 × BD III. ANT III with 0-17 rhinaria on its basal half
…..7
7
Longest hairs on ANT III 2.2-2.5
× BD III. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 30-34 hairs. R IV+V with c.10 accessory
hairs
…..Cryptaphis garwhalensis*
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
1.2-1.7 × BD III. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 5-20 hairs. R IV+V with 2-7 hairs
…..8
8
ABD TERG 1-4 each with 12-20 capitate hairs. SIPH 0.09-0.11 × BL and
1.0-1.5 × cauda
…..Cryptomyzus alboapicalis
–
ABD TERG 1-4 each with
5-14 capitate hairs; if with 12-14 then SIPH more than 0.15 × BL and more
than 2 × cauda
…..9
9
SIPH 0.10-0.23 mm. The
following discriminant function is less than 49.4: <0.5 × number of hairs
on ABD TERG 3 plus 698 × HT II minus 0.7 × number of rhinaria on ANT
III minus 309 × minimum width of
basal part of SIPH
…..Cryptomyzus ulmeri
–
SIPH 0.17-0.38 mm; if
less than 0.23 mm, then use the above discriminant function, the value of
which is greater than 49.4
…..10
10
Rostrum reaching to hind coxae. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 8-14 hairs. The
following discriminant function is usually (90% of specimens) greater than
20: <182 × length of longest hair on ABD TERG 2-4 plus 113 × ANT BASE VI plus
1.3 × number of hairs on ABD TERG 3 (not counting very small ones) minus 328 × length of longest hair on
ANT I
…..Cryptomyzus maudamanti
–
Rostrum not reaching to
hind coxae. ABD TERG 1-4 each with 4-11 hairs. Value of above discriminant
function is less than 20
…..Cryptomyzus galeopsidis
11
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal
width in dorsal view. Spiracles large and rounded. SIPH with a distinct
annular incision proximal to the flange
…..12
–
Cauda either not evident, of if present then tongue- or finger-shaped,
clearly longer than its basal width. Spiracles reniform. SIPH (if present)
without a distinct subapical incision
…..13
12
Dorsum with a dark sclerotic shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, c. 2 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus lamii
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale and smooth, less than 1.5 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
13
SIPH uniformly dark, not swollen. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..14
–
SIPH (if present) pale or
dark, or with dusky/dark apices, if wholly dark then markedly swollen. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
[punicae], solanella, spiraecola, [verbasci], sp. nr fabae
with short SIPH (Portugal; BMNH
collection, leg. F.A.
Ilharco);
Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi;
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae;
Myzus ornatus, persicae, [siegesbeckicola]
L. kisi
[Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a)];
Aulacorthum solani;
Myzus ornatus, persicae
L. macrophylla = Lippia macrophylla
L. montevidensis
Aphis aurantii,
gossypii; Aulacorthum
solani
L. sellowiana = Lantana montevidensis
Lantana sp.
Smynthurodes betae
Use key to
polyphagous aphids, but note the possibility that specimens
similar to Aphis gossypii but with SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda may be A.
punicae.
Dorsal body hairs long and pointed, the longest ones on ABD TERG 3 are 1.6-2.2 × ANT BD III. Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. R IV+V 1.6-1.8 × HT II
…..Hydronaphis laporteae
–
Dorsal hairs much
shorter. If dorsum is dark and sclerotic then R IV+V is less than 1.2 × HT II
…..2
2
SIPH wholly dark with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Head
dark with well-developed, broadly
divergent ANT tubercles. (Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation)
…..Sitobion autriquei
–
SIPH pale or dark, if
dark then without subapical reticulation and head with ANT tubercles weakly
developed
…..3
3
Head densely spiculose or nodulose, with well-developed, rounded ANT tubercles,
their inner faces apically convergent. SIPH 2.8-3.5 × cauda; rather thick,
very rugose for most of length and usually somewhat swollen on distal part,
but narrowing and smooth subapically
…..Myzus dycei
–
If head densely spiculose then SIPH are less than 2.7 × cauda
…..4
4
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spinules arranged in polygons, with 1-3 spicules in the centre of each polygon. Head smooth with ANT tubercles weakly developed, SIPH clavate
…..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae
–
Dorsal cuticle without spinules arranged in polygons, and other characters not in this combination
HT II greatly elongated,
more than 0.5 × hind tibia. Body densely clothed in fine hairs. SIPH absent
…..2
–
HT II of normal length.
Body not densely hairy, SIPH present or absent
…..3
2
Eyes multi-faceted.
Primary rhinaria enlarged; longitudinal diameter of that on VI 0.5-0.8 × BASE
VI. HT II 0.77-0.90 × hind tibia
…..Trama rara
–
Eyes of only 3 facets (except in alatiform specimens). Primary rhinaria
smaller; longitudinal diameter of that on VI 0.33-0.47 × BASE VI. HT II
0.65-0.80 × hind tibia
…..Trama troglodytes
3
ANT III with 11-97
rhinaria distributed over more than half of length
…..4
–
ANT III without rhinaria,
or with 1-10 small rhinaria on basal part
…..8
4
SIPH strongly swollen over about distal 0.7, maximum width of swollen
part being 1.5-2.6 × minimum width of basal part. Dorsum without any dark
markings
…..Hyperomyzus lampsanae
–
SIPH cylindrical or
tapering. Dorsum usually with dark markings
…..5
5
SIPH pale or dark, without any distinct polygonal reticulation. Dorsal
hairs not arising from dark scleroites. Antesiphuncular sclerites absent, and
usually also without postsiphuncular sclerites, but with a clear pattern of
intersegmental dark markings. ANT III with 11-36 rhinaria. Thoracic spiracles
much larger than abdominal ones
…..Nasonovia ribisnigri
–
SIPH black with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.21-0.43 of length. Dorsal hairs arising from dark scleroites.
Antesiphuncular sclerites present or absent, well-developed postsiphuncular
sclerites always present. ANT III with 11-97 rhinaria. Thoracic spiracles
similar in size to abdominal ones
…..6
6
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. Antesiphuncular
sclerites absent. R IV+V 1.15-1.26 × HT II and cauda with 16-17 hairs
…..Uroleucon teheranense*
–
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present (sometimes subdivided). R IV+V 1.17-1.85 ×
HT II and cauda with 14-28 hairs
…..7
7
R
IV+V 1.45-1.85 × HT II. Coxae pale like basal parts of femora
…..Uroleucon picridis
–
R IV+V 1.17-1.35 × HT II. Coxae dusky or
dark, darker than the basal parts of femora
…..Uroleucon cichorii
8
ANT tubercles well-developed, smooth, divergent. SIPH pale, without subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal hairs short and inconspicuous. ANT III with 1-4 rhinaria near base