HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS
(in alphabetical order)
Bet-Byt
| Beta | Amaranthaceae |
| Beta bengalensis | Myzus persicae |
| B. maritima | Aphis fabae, nasturtii; Myzus antirrhinii, persicae |
| B. vulgaris | Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, sambuci, |
| (incl. vars cicia, macrorhiza, | solanella; |
| rapa, saccharifera) | Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; |
| Brachyunguis harmalae; Brevicoryne brassicae; | |
| Hayhurstia atriplicis; [Lipaphis pseudobrassicae]; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae, stellariae; | |
| Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; | |
| Pemphigus betae, [bursarius], fuscicornis | |
| [populitransversus], populivenae; | |
| Prociphilus erigeronensis; | |
| Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon, staphyleae ssp. tulipaellus; | |
| Smynthurodes betae; [Uroleucon sonchi] |
Key to aphids on Beta:-
| 1 | SIPH present and only 0.6-0.8 × cauda | …..2 |
| – | SIPH present or absent, but if present then more than 0.8 × cauda | ..…3 |
| 2 | ANT PT/BASE less than 0.7. SIPH short and broad, less than 1.5 × basal width. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..Brachyunguis harmalae |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.5. SIPH 3-4 times longer than their basal width, and slightly swollen over distal 0.7. ABD TERG 1 and 7 never with MTu | .….Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| 3 | SIPH dark, slightly swollen and only 0.25-0.5 × ANT III and 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is broadly triangular and about as long as its basal width | .….Brevicoryne brassicae |
| – | SIPH present or absent, but if present then pale or dark, 0.5-1.6 × ANT III and 0.8-3.5 × cauda, which is either longer than its basal width or helmet-shaped | ..…4 |
| 4 | SIPH pale with subapical polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells). ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and divergent. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 0.6-1.2 × BD III | …..5 |
| – | SIPH (if present) pale or dark, without subapical polygonal reticulation unless black and very markedly swollen. ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed or, if well-developed, then with inner faces spiculose and steep-sided (parallel or apically convergent). ANT III with 0-4 rhinaria (if with 1-4 then longest hairs less than 0.5 × BD III) | …..6 |
| 5 | Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near apices. Dorsal hairs on head and ABD TERG 3 mostly longer than ANT BD III | …..Macrosiphum stellariae |
| – | Femora pale or honey brown near apex. Dorsal hairs on head and ABD TERG 3 not longer than ANT BD III | …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| 6 | SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical and 2.1-3.5 × cauda which bears 10-20 hairs. ABD TERG 2-4 consistently with well-developed flat marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..Aphis sambuci |
| – | Without that combination of characters | ….go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Betonica see Stachys | Lamiaceae |
| Betula Birches | Betulaceae |
Seventy-two species of aphids in 18 genera feed on Betula. Although the degree of host plant specificity may be somewhat greater than in Alnus-feeding aphids, only a small number of aphid species seem to restrict their feeding to a single species of Betula. Therefore, as in the case of Alnus, a single key is provided to all birch-feeding aphids.
Host Plant List:-
(bg indicates records from exotic hosts in botanic gardens)
| Betula aetnensis = B. etnensis | |
| B. alba see B. pendula, B. pubescens | |
| B. albosinensis | Chinese Red-Barked Birch |
| Betulaphis pelei; Calaphis flava bg; Euceraphis betulae bg; | |
| Hamamelistes similibetulae, spinosus; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch |
| Betulaphis quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis betulaecolens, flava, viridipallida; | |
| Euceraphis betulae bg, betulijaponicae bg, | |
| caerulescens bg; | |
| Hamamelistes spinosus | |
| B. alnoides | Betacallis querciphaga, sikkimensis; |
| Betulaphis hissarica, longicornis; | |
| Clethrobius comes, dryobius; | |
| Euceraphis betulae bg; Hamamelistes sp. (miyabei?); | |
| [Mesocallis obtusirostris]; | |
| Mollitrichosiphum montanum, nandii | |
| Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon, immaculata, pusilla; | |
| Taoia indica | |
| B. alpestris | Hamamelistes betulinus; Hormaphis betulae |
| B. americana | ?Hamamelistes spinosus |
| B. andrewsii | Calaphis flava bg; Euceraphis betulae bg |
| B. caerulea | Betulaphis quadrituberculata; Calaphis flava bg; |
| Callipterinella minutissima bg; Euceraphis betulae bg; | |
| Glyphina betulae; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. carpatica = B. pubescens var. glabrata | |
| B. celtiberica see B. pubescens | |
| B. chinensis | Callipterinella callipterabg; Symydobius kabae |
| B. cordifolia | Euceraphis papyrifericola |
| B. corylifolia | Euceraphis punctipennisbg |
| B. costata | Calaphis similis; Clethrobius comes; |
| Euceraphis betulijaponicae; Glyphina betulae; | |
| Symydobius kabae | |
| B. dahurica | Betulaphis japonica, quadrituberculata; |
| Calaphis betulicola, flava bg, similis; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera, tuberculata; | |
| Euceraphis betulae group bg, betulijaponicae, | |
| caerulescens; | |
| Glyphina betulae; Hamamelistes betulinus; | |
| Hormaphis betulae; Neobetulaphis alba; | |
| Stomaphis betulidahuricae; Symydobius kabae, oblongus | |
| B. davurica = B. dahurica | |
| B. divaricata | Betulaphis quadrituberculata bg; Calaphis flava bg; |
| Clethrobius comes; Euceraphis caerulescens; | |
| Glyphina betulae bg; Hamamelistes betulinus; | |
| Monaphis antennata bg | |
| B. ermanii | Betacallis odaiensis; |
| Betulaphis japonica, quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis betulicola, flava bg, similis; | |
| Callipterinella minutissima , tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis caerulescens, ontakensis, punctipennisbg; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus; Hormaphis betulae; | |
| Neobetulaphis alba; | |
| [Stomaphis sp. 1 of Yamamoto et al. 2020] | |
| Symydobius [alniarius ssp. nipponicus], kabae, oblongus | |
| B. etnensis | Callipterinella calliptera; Euceraphis betulae |
| B. fontinalis = B.occidentalis | |
| B. forestii | Calaphis flava bg; Callipterinella minutisssima bg; |
| Clethrobius comes bg; Euceraphis punctipennis bg; | |
| Hormaphis betulae bg | |
| B. fruticosa | Betulaphis japonica, quadrituberculata bg; Calaphis arctica; |
| Euceraphis [punctipennis]; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. glandulosa | American Dwarf Birch |
| Betulaphis pelei; Calaphis betulaefoliae, viridipallida; | |
| Euceraphis borealis | |
| B. gmelini | Symydobius [alniarius], kabae |
| B. grossa | Calaphis flavabg; Callipterinella callipterabg; |
| Euceraphis betulae bg, punctipennisbg; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus, kagamii; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. hissarica | Betulaphis hissarica |
| B. humilis | Euceraphis punctipennis; Calaphis flava; |
| Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. jacquemontii see B. utilis | |
| B. kamtschatica | Callipterinella calliptera, tuberculata; Clethrobius comes; |
| Euceraphis betulijaponicae, punctipennisbg ; | |
| Glyphina pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus | |
| B. kirghisorum | Euceraphis betulae, betulicola |
| B. latifolia | Calaphis flava bg; Stomaphis takahashii |
| B. lenta | Black Birch, Cherry Birch |
| Euceraphis mucida; Hamamelistes spinosus | |
| B. litwinowii | Betulaphis brevipilosa, quadrituberculata; |
| Callipterinella minutissima; | |
| Euceraphis betulae, punctipennis; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. luminifera | Betacallis luminifera, querciphaga; Euceraphis sp. |
| B. lutea = B. alleghaniensis | |
| B. mandshurica = B. platyphylla | |
| B. maximowicziana | Betacallis odaiensis; |
| Betulaphis japonica, quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis flava bg; Callipterinella minutissima; | |
| Clethrobius comes; Euceraphis [punctipennis]; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus, miyabei; | |
| Monaphis antennata; Symydobius kabae | |
| B. microphylla | Calaphis flava; Callipterinella calliptera, tuberculata; |
| Euceraphis betulae, punctipennis; | |
| Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Hormaphis betulae; Monaphis antennata; | |
| Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. middendorfii = B. divaricata | |
| B. nana | (incl. sspp. exilis, European Dwarf Birch |
| rotundifolia) Aphis galiae; Betulaphis pelei, quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis arctica, betulicola, flava; Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis borealis, punctipennis; | |
| Symydobius nanae, oblongus | |
| B. nigra | River Birch |
| Calaphis betulella, flava, neobetulella; | |
| Callipterinella tuberculata; Euceraphis betulae; | |
| Hamamelistes spinosus; Hormaphis cornu; | |
| Pemphigus ephemeratus; [Symydobius kabae] | |
| B. occidentalis (= B. fontinalis) | Western Black Birch |
| Betulaphis quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis betulaecolens, betulaefoliae, coloradensis, flava; | |
| Euceraphis quednaui; Symydobius intermedius, oblongus | |
| B. ovalifolia | Callipterinella minutissimabg; Glyphina betulae; |
| Euceraphis punctipennisbg | |
| B. papyrifera | Paper-bark Birch |
| Betulaphis quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis betulaecolens, betulaefoliae, flava, viridipallida; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera, minutissima, tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis papyrifericola, punctipennis bg; | |
| Glyphina betulae, setosa; Hamamelistes spinosus; | |
| Hormaphis cornu (?); | |
| Monaphis antennata; Symydobius americana, oblongus | |
| B. pendula (= B. verrucosa) | Silver Birch |
| (incl. dalecarlica) [Aphis fabae, spiraecola]; | |
| Betulaphis brevipilosa, quadrituberculata; | |
| Calaphis betulaecolens, betulicola, flava; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera, minutissima, tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius comes; Euceraphis betulae, [punctipennis]; | |
| Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus, spinosus; | |
| Hormaphis betulae; [Macrosiphum euphorbiae]; | |
| Monaphis antennata; Stomaphis quercus; | |
| Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. platyphylla | Betacallis odaiensis; Betulaphis japonica, quadrituberculata; |
| (incl. var. japonica) Calaphis betulicola, flava, similis; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera, minutissimabg, tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis betulae, betulijaponicae, [caerulescens]; | |
| Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus; Hormaphis betulae; | |
| Monaphis antennata; Neobetulaphis alba, [hebeiensis]; | |
| Nippolachnus piri; | |
| Stomaphis takahashii, [Stomaphis sp. 3 of Yamamoto et al. 2020]; | |
| Symydobius [brevicapillus], [fumus], kabae, oblongus | |
| B. populifolia | Gray Birch |
| Betulaphis brevipilosabg, quadrituberculatabg; | |
| Calaphis betulaecolens, flavabg, leonardi; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera; | |
| Euceraphis betulaebg, lineata, papyrifericola; | |
| Hamamelistes spinosus; Symydobius oblongusbg | |
| B. procurva | Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana |
| B. pubescens (incl. vars | Downy Birch |
| carpatica, celtiberica, Betulaphis [brevipilosa], quadrituberculata; | |
| glabrata, pumila) | Calaphis betulicola, flava; |
| Callipterinella calliptera, minutissima, tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis [betulae], punctipennis, [Euceraphis sp. | |
| (Stekolshchikov 2017)]; | |
| Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Hamamelistes betulinus; Hormaphis betulae; | |
| Monaphis antennata; | |
| Stomaphis quercus; Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. pumila | American Low Birch |
| Calaphis betulaefoliae, manitobensis; Hamamelistes spinosus | |
| B. raddeana | Euceraphis punctipennis; Glyphina betulae; |
| Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. rezniczenkoana | Callipterinella tuberculata; Symydobius oblongus |
| B. sandbergii | Betulaphis quadrituberculata bg; Calaphis flava bg; |
| Callipterinella minutissima bg; Euceraphis betulae bg | |
| B. schmidtii | Clethrobius comesbg; |
| [Monaphis sp. nr. antennata (Korea: Y. Lee et al. 2017)] | |
| B. tatewakiana | Clethrobius comes |
| B. tauschii | Callipterinella tuberculata |
| B. tianschanica | Betulaphis brevipilosa; |
| Calaphis flava; tuberculata, ugamica; | |
| Callipterinella calliptera, tuberculata; Clethrobius comes; | |
| Euceraphis betulae, [punctipennis]; | |
| Glyphina betulae, pseudoschrankiana; | |
| Symydobius oblongus | |
| B. tortuosa = B. pubescens var. pumila | |
| B. turkestanica | Betulaphis hissarica; Calaphis flava, ugamica; |
| Clethrobius comes; Euceraphis betulaebg | |
| B. ulmifolia = B. grossa | |
| B. utilis | Indian Paper Birch |
| (incl. var. jacquemontii) | Betacallis querciphaga; |
| Betulaphis brevipilosa, hissarica, longicornis, | |
| quadrituberculata bg; | |
| Calaphis flava bg; Callipterinella tuberculata; | |
| Clethrobius dryobius; Euceraphis betulae bg; | |
| Eutrichosiphum manaliensis; Monaphis antennata bg; | |
| Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon, pusilla; Symydobius oblongus bg | |
| Betula sp. | [Chaitophorus abdominalis Shinji 1924]; |
| [Clethrobius vermai]; | |
| Eutrichosiphum [alnicola], betulae, [raychaudhurii]; | |
| [Neonippolachnus betulae (=Nippolachnus piri?)]; | |
| Stomaphis radicicola; [Symydobius paucisensorius]; | |
| Taoia chuansiensis |
Key to birch-feeding aphids:-
(Couplets 4-6 have ben revised following Aoki et al. (2001), and couplets 34-36 (now 40-47) following Blackman & De Boise (2002))
| 1 | Antennae of aptera very short, less than 0.2× BL, 3- or 4-segmented. Antennae of alata (where known) 4- or 5-segmented with annular (ring-like) rhinaria | …..2 |
| – | Antennae of aptera and alata 5- or 6-segmented. Secondary rhinaria circular, oval or transversely elongate but never completely encircling antenna | …..8 |
| 2 | Adult aptera aleyrodiform, free-living on upper surface of leaf, with wax glands all around body producing a white wax fringe. Hind wing of alata with only one oblique vein (sometimes branched) | …..3 |
| – | Adult apterae in gall or pseudogall on under or upper side of leaf, not aleyrodiform (except in similibetulae; and aleyrodiform or coccidiform adults or immatures of other species may occur as overwintering stages on twigs). Hind wing of alata (where known) with 2 oblique veins | …..4 |
| 3 | Aleyrodiform adult only 0.64-0.94 mm long, dark brown to black in life with a fringe of separate, rod-like wax filaments. Alata with 3 antennal segments | …..Hormaphis cornu |
| – Aleyrodiform adult 1.0-1.2 mm long, yellowish or greenish-brown in life with fringing wax filaments fused into plates. Alata with 5 antennal segments | …..Hormaphis betulae | |
| 4 | Adult aptera aleyrodiform, brown in life with a fringe of wax threads, feeding singly on underside of leaf and producing small conical pouch galls on upperside. (Alata unknown) | …..Hamamelistes similibetulae |
| – | Gall-producing adult aptera not aleyrodiform | …..5 |
| 5 | Galls comprising cockscomb-like bags with irregular spine-like projections, protruding on upperside of leaf | …..Hamamelistes miyabei |
| – | Galls comprising reddish to crimson corrugations or blisters of leaf lamina between veins, with aphids feeding on underside | …..6 |
| 6 | Alata with SIPH absent or inconspicuous | ….. Hamamelistes spinosus |
| – | Alata having SIPH with dark rims | …..7 |
| 7 | In 1st instar larvae the longer hair on HT I is 24-42 μm long, longer than the width of HT II | …..Hamamelistes kagamii |
| – | In 1st instar larvae the longer hair on HT I is 12-20 μm long, shorter than the width of HT II | ….. Hamamelistes betulinus |
| 8 | ANT PT/BASE less than or about equal to 1.0 | …..9 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE clearly more than 1.0, and usually more than 1.5 (the single exception is one species with very small apterae, Callipterinella minutissima, which has PT/BASE in the range 1.1-1.8) | …..48 |
| 9 | Rostrum longer than body | …..10 |
| – | Rostrum shorter than body | …..13 |
| 10 | ABD TERG 1-7 with large paired dark spinal sclerotic areas, often broken into small sclerites | …..Stomaphis quercus |
| – | ABD TERG 1-5 or 1-6 without dark sclerotic areas. (ABD TERG 6 and 7 with or without paired sclerites) | …..11 |
| 11 | SIPH absent in aptera | …..Stomaphis betulidahuricae* |
| – | SIPH present in all morphs | …..12 |
| 12 | HT II more than 2 × longer than second segments of fore and mid-tarsi | …..Stomaphis takahashii |
| – | HT II at most 1.45 × longer than second segments of fore and mid-tarsi | …..Stomaphis radicicola |
| 13 | ANT PT peg-like, less than 2× its basal width | …..14 |
| – | ANT PT finger-like, more than 2× its basal width | …..18 |
| 14 | Eyes of aptera multifaceted | …..Nippolachnus piri |
| – | Eyes of aptera reduced to 3 facets | …..15 |
| 15 | Dorsum pale. Body hairs inconspicuous. SIPH absent | …..Pemphigus ephemeratus |
| – | Dorsum pigmented, hairs conspicuous. SIPH present as pores on small cones | …..16 |
| 16 | Dorsal and marginal body hairs of aptera long and fine | …..Glyphina setosa |
| – | Dorsal and marginal body hairs of aptera thick and spine-like | …..17 |
| 17 | Dorsum adorned with short wrinkles, sometimes extending into a reticulation | …..Glyphina pseudoschrankiana |
| – | Dorsum with wart-like cuticular ornamentation | …..Glyphina betulae |
| 18 | Anal plate with a medial cleft, dividing into two lobes | …..19 |
| – | Anal plate entire, rounded or with a slight medial indentation, but not clearly bilobed | …..31 |
| 19 | Cauda of aptera with a very clear constriction, separating off a distinct terminal knob | …..20 |
| – | Cauda of aptera semicircular or triangular, without a clear constriction | …..25 |
| 20 | Antennae longer than body. SIPH with a single long hair | …..21 |
| – | Antennae much shorter than body. SIPH with or without hairs | …..22 |
| 21 | Knob of cauda elongate, about 2× as long as wide. ANT VI (including PT) less than 0.5× ANT III | …..Taoia chuansiensis |
| – | Knob of cauda only a little longer than wide. ANT VI almost as long as ANT III | …..Taoia indica |
| 22 | ABD TERG 1-3 of aptera with minute spinopleural hairs, 8-10 µm long | …..23 |
| – | ABD TERG 1-3 of aptera with thick spinopleural hairs, expanded apically, 20-60 µm long, with elevated or tuberculate bases | …..24 |
| 23 | Tergum of aptera pigmented, sclerotic, scabrous or variolose. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × longer than HT II. SIPH with one or two hairs appended at base | …..Neobetulaphis chaetosiphon |
| – | Tergum of aptera mostly smooth, unpigmented. R IV+V about as long as HT II. SIPH without any hairs appended at base | …..Neobetulaphis immaculata |
| 24 | Aptera with ANT VI BASE more than 0.5× ANT III. Longest spinopleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 are 40-60 µm long | …..Neobetulaphis alba |
| – | Aptera with ANT VI BASE less than 0.5× ANT III. Longest spinopleural hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 are 20-30 µm long | …..Neobetulaphis pusilla |
| 25 | Aptera with all dorsal body hairs long and capitate (fig. 31A) | …..26 |
| – | Aptera with spinal and pleural hairs, or at least those on ABD TERG 1-4, inconspicuous, much shorter than posterior marginal hairs and those on ABD TERG 8 (figs 31B-D) | …..28 |
| 26 | SIPH of aptera densely spinulose | …..Betulaphis hissarica |
| – | SIPH of aptera smooth or weakly imbricated | …..27 |
| 27 | R IV+V shorter than HT II | …..Betulaphis quadrituberculata |
| – R IV+V longer than HT II | …..Betulaphis longicornis | |
| 28 | Aptera with spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 7 as short and inconspicuous as those on more anterior tergites. Marginal hairs on thorax and ABD TERG 1-4 also very short. Dorsal abdominal hairs only long and capitate on ABD TERG 8, and marginal hairs only long and capitate on ABD TERG 5-8. Dorsal cuticle very wrinkled (fig. 31B) | …..Betulaphis brevipilosa |
| – | Aptera with at least some of spinal and pleural hairs on ABD TERG 5-7 long and capitate, in addition to marginal hairs and those on ABD TERG 8. Dorsal cuticle smooth or somewhat wrinkled | …..29 |
| 29 | R IV+V less than 0.06 mm long, about as long as its basal width, less than 0.65 × ANT VI BASE | …..Betulaphis japonica |
| – | R IV+V more than 0.07 mm long, more than 0.7 × ANT VI BASE | …..30 |
| 30 | Aptera with marginal hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 shorter than or about as long as basal diameter of ANT III (fig. 31C) | …..Betulaphis pelei |
| – | Aptera with marginal hairs on ABD TERG 1-3 mostly much longer than basal diameter of ANT III (fig. 31D) | …..Betulaphis quadrituberculata (short-haired form) |
| 31 | Cauda broadly rounded, without a trace of a constriction. Viviparae both apterous (but alatiform) and alate, with 2-3 white bands on antennae | …..32 |
| – | Cauda with a constriction separating the terminal part as a knob. Viviparae all full-winged, with antennae not contrastedly banded | …..36 |
| 32 | ANT PT/BASE (0.77-) 0.85-1.20 | …..33 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE less than 0.85 | …..34 |
| 33 | Alata with wing veins heavily black-bordered | …..Symydobius americanus |
| – | Wing veins of alata without black borders | …..Symydobius nanae |
| 34 | ANT III with 12-22 circular or oval secondary rhinaria spaced out along length of segment (fig. 32B). Wing veins of alata black-bordered | …..Symydobius intermedius |
| – | ANT III with 1-35 transverse oval to elongate oval secondary rhinaria closely set on basal 0.5-0.75 of segment (e.g. fig. 32C). Wing veins of alata not black-bordered | …..35 |
| 35 | Abdominal marginal sclerites each bearing 1-7 circular, transparent tubercles (fig. 29C). Body, legs and antennae clothed in numerous long, fine hairs, those on ANT III and tibia being mainly longer than the diameters of their respective segments (fig. 32C) | …..Symydobius kabae |
| – | Abdominal marginal sclerites without tubercles. Hairs shorter and not so fine, those on ANT III (fig. 32D) and tibia mostly not exceeding diameters of their respective segments | …..Symydobius oblongus |
| 36 | Hairs on ANT III long and fine, 2 or more × longer than basal width of segment | …..37 |
| – | Length of hairs on ANT III at most equal to basal diameter of the segment | …..39 |
| 37 | SIPH bearing several hairs near base | …..Clethrobius dryobius |
| – | SIPH without hairs | …..38 |
| 38 | Tibiae wholly black | …..Clethrobius comes |
| – | Tibiae at least partly pale | …..Clethrobius vermai |
| 39 | ANT VI BASE with 2-12 hairs, very rarely with only 1. Thorax without ventral dark pigmentation (except sometimes in autumn populations) | …..40 |
| – | ANT VI BASE always with only 1 hair, located near primary rhinarium. Thorax with meso- and metasternites usually dark or dusky | …..42 |
| 40 | ANT V less than 2× longer than ANT VI BASE, which bears 3-12 hairs and is 3.3-4.8× longer than R IV+V. Tibiae usually with a longitudinal stripe of dark pigment on dorsal side, but pale ventrrally for most of length | …..Euceraphis lineata |
| – | ANT V more than 2× longer than ANT VI BASE, which bears 2-5 hairs and is 1.7-3.7× longer than R IV+V. Tibiae without a longitudinal stripe; either wholly dark or dark at base and/or apex with pale middle region | …..41 |
| 41 | Tibiae wholly and rather uniformly dark (except sometimes at extreme base). ANT III with secondary rhinaria extending for 0.4-0.5 of length | …..Euceraphis mucida |
| – | Tibiae usually pale or with pale middle section, if mainly dark then the palest part is in the middle and the distal part is scabrous and completely black . ANT III with secondary rhinaria on basal 0.3-0.4 of length | …..Euceraphis quednaui |
| 42 | ANT VI BASE 1.7-2.6× longer than HT II | …..Euceraphis caerulescens |
| – | ANT VI BASE 0.8-1.7× longer than HT II | …..43 |
| 43 | ANT VI BASE 2.35-3.10× longer than R IV+V, which is 0.11-0.14 mm long. R IV+V 0.52-0.62× longer than HT II | …..Euceraphis borealis |
| – | ANT VI BASE 1.24-2.72× longer than R IV+V, which is 0.12-0.19 mm long. R IV+V 0.55-0.93× longer than HT II | …..44 |
| 44 | Hind femora dark over distal c.0.7 of length, and hind tibiae almost wholly dark. ANT V 2.3-2.6× longer than ANT VI BASE | …..Euceraphis ontakensis |
| – | Hind femore pale or only dark apically or along their dorsal sides, and hind tibiae usually with at least middle section pale, sometimes wholly dark in autumn but then ANT V is 2.7-3.5× longer than ANT VI BASE | …..45 |
| 45 | HT II 1.24-1.75× longer than ANT I (measured along outside of segment), and usually (0.9-2.3×) longer than than ANT PT | ….46 |
| – | HT II 0.70-1.28× longer than ANT I (measured along outside of segment), and usually (0.7-1.1×) shorter than than ANT PT | …..47 |
| 46 | ANT VI BASE usually (90% of specimens) 0.80-1.32× longer than HT II, and (75% of specimens) 1.2-2.1× longer than R IV+V. Early spring populations often with black cross-bands on all tergites | …..Euceraphis betulae |
| – | ANT VI BASE usually (90% of specimens) 1.33-1.75× longer than HT II, and (75% of specimens) 2.1-2.5× longer than R IV+V. Early spring populations never with black cross-bands on all tergites, sometimes with 1-2 dark spinal patches | …..Euceraphis punctipennis |
| 47 | R IV+V 0.12-0.15 mm long, usually (85% of specimens) 0.57-0.67× longer than HT II | …..Euceraphis betulijaponicae |
| – | R IV+V 0.14-0.17 mm long, usually (85% of specimens) 0.67-0.79× longer than HT II | …..Euceraphis papyrifericola |
| 48 | ANT PT/BASE 7.0-9.0, with a very small primary sensorium between PT and base of ANT VI. Secondary rhinaria, numerous, circular and scattered on ANT III, not in a row (fig. 32A) | ….Monaphis antennata |
| – | ANT PT/BASE not more than 3.0, with primary sensorium of normal size. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III of alata more-or-less in a row | …..49 |
| 49 | SIPH tubular | …..50 |
| – | SIPH in form of small truncate cones, without hairs | …..54 |
| 50 | SIPH without hairs. Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width | …..Aphis galiae |
| – | SIPH with numerous long hairs. Cauda much shorter than its basal width | …..51 |
| 51 | Hind tibiae with a series of transverse ridges (fig. 27A) | …..52 |
| – | Hind tibiae without transverse ridges | …..53 |
| 52 | SIPH of aptera dark, curved outward, 0.4-0.5 × BL. (In alata 0.6-0.75 ×BL) | …..Mollitrichosiphum nandii |
| – | SIPH of aptera pale, almost straight, 0.5-0.85 × BL. (In alata 0.8-0.9 × BL) | …..Mollitrichosiphum montanum |
| 53 | SIPH very long, 0.45-0.51× BL. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-3.2 | …..Eutrichosiphum betulae |
| – | SIPH short and thick, c.0.2 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.3 | …..Eutrichosiphum manaliensis |
| 54 | Alata with ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5. Apterous vivipara very small, BL less than 1.5 mm, with antennae 5-segmented, less than 0.5× BL | …..Callipterinella minutissima |
| – | Alata with ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Apterous vivipara, if present, with BL greater than 1.5 mm and 6-segmented antennae at least 0.6 × BL | …..55 |
| 55 | Head and thorax deeply pigmented, and a pattern of dorsal abdominal markings on more than two tergites | …..56 |
| – | Head and thorax pale or only lightly pigmented, or pale with distinctive dark markings, and dorsal abdomen with any dark markings restricted to two tergites | …..57 |
| 56 | Abdomen with separate dark dorsal transverse bars on all tergites | …..Callipterinella calliptera |
| – | Abdomen with a large dark quadrate patch on ABD TERG 4-6 | …..Callipterinella tuberculata |
| 57 | Head with a black transverse band across the venter between the eyes | …..58 |
| – | Head without a ventral transverse band | …..61 |
| 58 | Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 2-5 or 4-5, and whole of SIPH, pigmented. R IV+V less than 1.2× HT II | …..59 |
| – | Marginal tubercles on ABD TERG 2-4 pale, those on 5 either pale or pigmented. R IV+V at least 1.25× HT II | …..60 |
| 59 | Head and prothorax with a dark dorsal longitudinal median stripe. Forewing veins evenly pigmented | …..Betacallis querciphaga |
| – | Head and prothorax without a dorsal longitudinal median stripe. Media of forewing pale, but Cu1b and distal part of Cu1a thickly bordered with fuscous | …..Betacallis odaiensis |
| 60 | ANT III with 17-25 secondary rhinaria, on basal 0.5-0.7 of segment | …..Betacallis sikkimensis |
| – | ANT III with 28-45 secondary rhinaria, extending more than 0.75 of length of segment | …..Betacallis luminifera |
| 61 | Alata with a distinctive pattern of dark markings dorsally; longitudinal stripes on head and thorax, and transverse bars or patches on abdomen | …..62 |
| – | Alata without a distinctive pattern of dark dorsal markings | …..63 |
| 62 | Dorsal abdomen with separate double black bars on ABD TERG 4 and 5 | …..Calaphis betulella |
| – | Dorsal abdomen with a large black quadrate patch on ABD TERG 4 and 5 | …..Calaphis neobetulella |
| 63 | Knob of cauda elongate, longer than wide | ….. Calaphis (Cepegillettea) betulaefoliae |
| – | Knob of cauda globular, no longer than its maximum width | …..64 |
| 64 | Apterous morph | …..65 |
| – | Alate morph | …..71 |
| 65 | Most proximal secondary rhinarium on ANT III located near base of segment, no further from base of segment than the length of ANT II | …..66 |
| – | Rhinaria on ANT III placed towards middle of segment, most proximal one about as far from base as the combined lengths of ANT I + II | …..68 |
| 66 | R IV+V 0.09-0.105 mm, less than 0.8× HT II, and bearing only 2-4 accessory hairs besides the 3 subapical pairs | …..Calaphis viridipallida |
| – R IV+V at least 0.11 mm long, more than 0.8× HT II, with 4-8 accessory hairs | …..67 | |
| 67 | SIPH with dark distal zone. ANT III with 4-8 secondary rhinaria | …..Calaphis ugamica* |
| – | SIPH without dark distal zone. ANT III with 2-5 secondary rhinaria | …..Calaphis flava |
| 68 | Antennae and legs wholly pale. Dorsal and marginal body hairs short and inconspicuous, except on frons and posterior abdomen | …..Calaphis manitobensis |
| – Antennae with dark apices to antennal segments, tibiae and tarsi. Dorsal and marginal body hairs conspicuous | …..69 | |
| 69 | Dorsal abdominal hairs arising from lightly pigmented tubercles. ANT III only as long as, or a little longer than, head width across eyes | …..Calaphis arctica |
| – | Dorsal abdominal hairs often arising from tubercles, but these are unpigmented. ANT III at least 1.5× head width across eyes | …..70 |
| 70 | SIPH usually dark brown distally. R IV+V more than 0.125 mm long, as long as or longer than HT II, with 14-23 accessory hairs. ANT III with 5-14 rhinaria | …..Calaphis betulicola |
| – | SIPH usually pale, occasionally a little darker at flange. R IV+V less than 0.12 mm long, shorter than HT II, with 4-7 accessory hairs. ANT III with 3-7 rhinaria | …..Calaphis coloradensis |
| 71 | SIPH with apical halves dark brown to black | …..Calaphis betulicola |
| – | SIPH pale, rarely a little dusky at flange | …..72 |
| 72 | ANT III with 4-8 secondary rhinaria | …..Calaphis coloradensis |
| – | ANT III with 8-21 secondary rhinaria | …..73 |
| 73 | Tibiae dark, forewing veins heavily bordered with fuscous | …..74 |
| – | Tibiae pale except at base and apex, forewing veins dark but not heavily bordered | …..76 |
| 74 | R IV+V usually more than 0.14 mm long, as long as or a little longer than HT II | …..Calaphis betulaecolens |
| – R IV+V usually less than 0.14 mm long, shorter than HT II | …..75 | |
| 75 | Hairs on ANT III very short, all less than 0.5× basal diameter of segment | …..Calaphis similis |
| – | Hairs on ANT III mainly more than 0.5× basal diameter of segment | …..Calaphis leonardi |
| 76 | R IV+V 0.09-0.105 mm, less than 0.8× HT II, and bearing only 2-4 accessory hairs | …..Calaphis viridipallida |
| – | R IV+V at least 0.11 mm long, more than 0.8× HT II, and bearing 4-8 accessory hairs | …..Calaphis flava (or Calaphis ugamica* – see text) |
| Bidens | Asteraceae |
| Bidens aristosa | Aphis coreopsidis |
| B. aurea | Aphis spiraecola; Myzus ornatus |
| B. bipinnata | Aphis aurantii, coreopsidis, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; |
| Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae; | |
| Pemphigus sp. (as lactucae); Prociphilus erigeronensis | |
| B. biternata | Aphis craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus ornatus |
| B. cernua | Aphis fabae, mimuli, [tripolii]; Brachycaudus helichrysi; |
| [Macrosiphum rosae]; Myzus ornatus, persicae; | |
| Pemphigus borealis, Pemphigus sp.; | |
| [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae]; Uroleucon chrysanthemi | |
| B. chrysantha | Uroleucon ambrosiae |
| B. chrysanthemoides = B. laevis | |
| B. comosa = B. tripartita | |
| B. connata | Aphis coreopsidis; Uroleucon chrysanthemi |
| B. coronata (?) | Uroleucon chrysanthemi |
| B. frondosa | Aphis coreopsidis, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola; |
| Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; | |
| [Rhodobium porosum]; [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae]; | |
| Uroleucon chrysanthemi | |
| B. grantii | Myzus ornatus |
| B. laevis | Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii; Neomyzus circumflexus; |
| Uroleucon chrysanthemi, [rudbeckiae] | |
| B. leucantha (?) | Aphis spiraecola |
| B. megapotamica = Thelesperma magapotamicum | |
| B. odorata | Geopemphigus torsus |
| B. pinnata = B. pilosa | |
| B. pilosa | Acyrthosiphon bidenticola, ilka; |
| Aphis aurantii, citricidus, coreopsidis, craccivora, fabae, | |
| gossypii, [illinoisensis], solanella, spiraecola; | |
| Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi; | |
| Hyperomyzus carduellinus; [Hysteroneura setariae]; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; | |
| Myzus ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus | |
| [Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale]; | |
| [Tricaudatus polygoni]; Ucrimyzus villalobosi; | |
| Uroleucon ambrosiae, compositae | |
| B. reptans | Aphis coreopsidis, gossypii, spiraecola; |
| Uroleucon pseudambrosiae | |
| B. subalternans | Aphis coreopsidis, spiraecola |
| B. tripartita | Aphis coreopsidis, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, [taukogi], |
| triglochinis, [Aphis sp. Davletshina1964: 124]; | |
| Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Epipemphigus niisimae]; | |
| Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria; | |
| Pemphigus borealis, [bursarius], [fuscicornis]; | |
| [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae]; Smynthurodes betae; | |
| Uroleucon chrysanthemi, tripartitum | |
| B. urbanii = B. chrysantha | |
| B. vulgata | Aphis coreopsidis, fabae; Myzus persicae; |
| Pemphigus sp. [as betae]; Prociphilus erigeronensis; | |
| Uroleucon chrysanthemi | |
| B. wallichii = B. bipinnata | |
| Bidens spp. | [Aphis frangulae group], solitaria; Capitophorus litanensis; |
| [Hyperomyzus pullatus]; Pemphigus tartareus; | |
| Uroleucon erigeronense, tucumani, [zerogutierrezis] |
Key to aphids on Bidens:-
| 1 | ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent (on roots) | ..…2 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0. SIPH present (on aerial parts) | ..…10 |
| 2 | Only alatae (sexuparae) or alatiform nymphs present | ..…3 |
| – | Apterae present | ..…7 |
| 3 | (Al.) ABD TERG (1-) 3-8 each bearing transverse dark bands. Oblique veins of hind wing parallel and widely spaced | ……4 |
| – | (Al.) ABD TERG pale. Oblique veins of hind wing divergent, with bases adjacent | ……5 |
| 4 | (Al.) Body and appendages bearing numerous long fine hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 25-50 hairs. ANT II 0.4-0.5 × ANT III and bearing 20-30 hairs. ANT BASE VI 4.5-12 × PT. Rhinaria on ANT III with plain rims | ..…Smynthurodes betae |
| – | (Al.) Body and appendages with hairs rather sparse and short. ABD TERG 8 with only 2-3 hairs. ANT II about 0.25 × ANT III and bearing 5-8 hairs. ANT BASE VI 2.8-4.5 × PT. Rhinaria on ANT III with strongly fimbriate rims | …..Geopemphigus torsus |
| 5 | (Al.) Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 12-27, IV 6-14, V 5-15, BASE VI 3-10. ANT VI BASE with 12-18 hairs. ANT BASE VI 2.5-4.0 × PT. R IV+V with 4-6 accessory hairs. Cauda with 15-20 hairs | ……Prociphilus erigeronensis |
| – | (Al.) Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 5-10, IV 1-4, V and BASE VI 0. ANT VI BASE with only 2 hairs. ANT BASE VI 4.0-6.0 × PT. R IV+V without accessory hairs. Cauda with 2-5 hairs | …..6 |
| 6 | (Al.) ANT III longer than ANT IV+V together. Secondary rhinaria on III 8-10, and on IV 2-3 | …..Pemphigus borealis |
| – | (Al.) ANT III a little shorter than ANT IV+V together. Secondary rhinaria on III 5-7, on IV 2-3 | ..…Pemphigus tartareus |
| 7 | Dorsal body and antennae clothed in numerous fine hairs. Primary rhinaria with thick sclerotised rims. Wax pore plates absent | ..….Smynthurodes betae |
| – | Dorsal body and antennae with sparse hairs. Primary rhinaria with ciliate rims. Wax pore plates present at least on posterior abdomen | …..8 |
| 8 | Head without wax pore plates. R IV+V usually without accessory hairs | ..…Pemphigus sp. |
| – | Head with wax pore plates. R IV+V with 2 or more accessory hairs | ……9 |
| 9 | Abdomen with a dark posterior extension of cauda and anal plate, which is strongly convex. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II and bearing 4-10 accessory hairs | .….Prociphilus erigeronensis |
| – | Cauda and anal plate not on a dark posterior extension of the abdomen. (Cauda very small, and anal plate divided into dorsal and posterioventral parts by a marked concavity.) R IV+V 0.74-0.86 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs | …..Geopemphigus torsus |
| 10 | ANT tubercles weakly developed, not extending forward beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without marginal tubercles (MTu) | ..…11 |
| – | ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, extending clearly beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu | ..….17 |
| 11 | Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view, with a basal constriction. SIPH pale, smooth, with a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu | …..Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| – | Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width, without a basal constriction. SIPH pale or dark, without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures small and reniform. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu | …..12 |
| 12 | SIPH 0.24-0.40 × BL, about twice as long as the much paler cauda. Head, ANT I, II and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of antenna | ..….Aphis coreopsidis |
| – | SIPH only up to 0.2 × BL. Cauda pale or dark. Head and antennal segments differently pigmented | …..13 |
| 13 | SIPH entirely dark | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24 |
| – | SIPH pale, sometimes with dark tips | …..14 |
| 14 | ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.0. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.7 × BD III | …..Aphis nasturtii |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.2 × BD III | …..15 |
| 15 | R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II, with 3-6 accessory hairs. ANT III usually with 1-15 rhinaria on distal part, often of bursiform type (sunk in pits), and IV with 0-4 | …..Aphis solitaria |
| – | R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II, with 2 (-3) accessory hairs. ANT III and IV usually without rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens) | …..16 |
| 16 | SIPH 1.5-2.0 × longer than their basal width, shorter than ANT PT, and also shorter than cauda. (Secondary rhinaria in alata III 9-20, IV 4-6, V 0) | …..Aphis mimuli |
| – | SIPH 2.0-3.5 × longer than their basal width, longer than ANT PT and often longer than cauda. (Secondary rhinaria in alata III 25-60, IV 9-25, V 7-17) | …..Aphis triglochinis |
| 17 | SIPH wholly dark, with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation | .….18 |
| – | SIPH pale or dark, or pale basally and dark distally, but if wholly dark then without any subapical reticulation | ..…25 |
| 18 | Cauda dark like SIPH | ..…19 |
| – | Cauda much paler than SIPH | .….22 |
| 19 | Tibia with paler middle section. Femora pale on basal 0.3-0.5. R IV+V not stilletto-shaped, with short accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs | ..…20 |
| – | Tibiae wholly black. Femora almost wholly dark, with only about basal 0.1 pale. R IV+V stilletto-shaped, with very long accessory hairs on basal half of R IV. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs | …..21 |
| 20 | BL c. 5.0 mm. ANT III with 30-32 rhinaria on basal half | …..Uroleucon tripartitum* |
| – | BL 1.9-4.1 mm. ANT III with 41-78 rhinaria on 0.8-0.9 of length | …..Uroleucon compositae |
| 21 | ANT PT 4.8-6.8 × R IV+V. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II | ..…Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria |
| – | ANT PT 2.4-3.5 × R IV+V. R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II | …..Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae |
| 22 | SIPH usually at least 1.6 × cauda, which bears 7-12 hairs | …..Uroleucon tucumani |
| – | SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda, which bears 16-28 hairs | …..23 |
| 23 | HT II rather long and thin, 6 or more × longer than its maximum thickness and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V | …..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae |
| – | HT II less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.7-1.1 × R IV+V | ….. 24 |
| 24 | R IV+V 0.15-0.16 mm, 0.9-1.0 × HT II | …..Uroleucon chrysanthemi |
| – | R IV+V 0.16-0.22 mm, 1.1-1.33 × HT II | ……Uroleucon ambrosiae |
| 25 | Head smooth with inner faces of ANT tubercles smooth and divergent | ..…26 |
| – | Head spiculose or nodulose with inner faces of ANT tubercles steep-sided, convergent or parallel | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5 |
| 26 | SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation | …..27 |
| – | SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation | …..28 |
| 27 | SIPH with a distinctly paler basal part contrasting with dark distal part, and with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.25-0.35 of total length. Some of distal caudal hairs usually shorter and blunt or capitate | …..Uroleucon erigeronense |
| – | SIPH pale or dusky, without contrastingly pale basal part, and with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.13-0.20 of length. Distal caudal hairs all pointed | …..Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| 28 | Dorsal hairs long and capitate, the spinal and marginal ones c. 3 × ANT BD III | …..Capitophorus litanensis |
| – | Dorsal hairs short, less than 1.5 × ANT BD III | …..29 |
| 29 | SIPH swollen on distal 0.7 of length | .…..30 |
| – | SIPH tapering/cylindrical | …..31 |
| 30 | Prothoracic spiracular apertures much larger than those on abdomen, which are reniform. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-29, IV 0-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. Alata with a dorsal abdominal (imperfect) patch | .…..Hyperomyzus carduellinus |
| – | Prothoracic spiracular apertures not much larger than those on abdomen. Secondary rhinaria only on ANT III (1-20). ANT PT/BASE 5.3-8.2. Alata without any dorsal abdominal dark patch | …..Ucrimyzus villalobosi |
| 31 | ANT PT/BASE 5.9-7.5. ANT dark except at base, and SIPH dark except for basal 0.2-0.3 of length | ..…Acyrthosiphon bidenticola |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 3.0-3.75. ANT and SIPH mainly pale/dusky | .…..Acyrthosiphon ilka |
| Bifora | Apiaceae |
| Bifora radians | Aphis fabae |
| Bifrenaria | Orchidaceae |
| Bifrenaria aureofulva | Cerataphis orchidearum |
| B. secunda = B. aureofulva |
| Bignonia | Bignoniaceae |
| B. capensis = Tecoma capensis | |
| B. radicans = Campsis radicans | |
| B. stans = Tecoma stans | |
| B. unguis-cati = Dolichandra unguis-cati | |
| B. venusta = Pyrostegia venusta | |
| Bignonia sp. | Aphis gossypii, [punicae]; [Macrosiphum rosae]; |
| Myzus ornatus |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Bilderdykia see Fallopia | Polygonaceae |
| Billardiera | Pittosporaceae |
| Billardiera fusiformis | Myzus persicae |
| B. heterophylla | Aphis spiraecola |
| B. lineata = Marianthus lineatus | |
| B. scandens | Aphis spiraecola; Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Billbergia | Bromeliaceae |
| Billbergia nutans | Myzus persicae |
| B. ×windii | Myzus persicae |
| Bischofia | Euphorbiaceae |
| Bischofia javanica | Aphis aurantii, odinae, [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a: 98)]; |
| B. trifoliata = B. javanica |
Use key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 25.
| Biscutella | Brassicaceae |
| Biscutella auriculata | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| B. austriaca see B. laevigata | |
| B. cichoriifolia | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| B. laevigata (incl. ssp. austriaca) | Aphis fabae; Brevicoryne brassicae; |
| Myzus persicae |
Key to apterae on Biscutella:-
| – | SIPH barrel-shaped, 0.8-1.0 × cauda which is broadly triangular, about as long as its basal width, and bears 7-8 hairs | …..Brevicoryne brassicae |
| – | Without that combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Biserrula | Fabaceae |
| Biserrula pelecinus = Astragalus pelecinus |
| Bistorta | Polygonaceae |
| Bistorta bistortoides | Aphthargelia symphoricarpi (? – see text); |
| [Illinoia sp. (Washington, USA; aphidtrek.org)] | |
| B. vivipara = Persicaria vivipara |
| Bituminaria | Fabaceae |
| Bituminaria bituminosa | Aphis craccivora, cytisorum |
Use key to apterae on Caragana.
| Bixa | Bixaceae |
| Bixa orellana | Aphis gossypii; Neomyzus circumflexus; |
| Sinomegoura citricola |
(Use key to polyphagous aphids)
| Blackstonia | Gentianaceae |
| Blackstonia perfoliata | Aphis gentianae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; |
| Neomyzus circumflexus |
Key to apterae on Blackstonia:-
| – | ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 with large domed marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..Aphis gentianae |
| – | Without that combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Blainvillea | Asteraceae |
| Blainvillea gayana | Aphis gossypii |
| B. rhomboidea | Uroleucon ambrosiae group |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Blechnum | Blechnaceae |
| Blechnum brownei | Aphis gossypii |
| (incl. pyramidatum) | |
| B. buchtienii | Gibbomyzus pteridophytorum |
| B. occidentale | Idiopterus nephrelepidis |
| B. orientale | Macromyzus woodwardiae; Micromyzus filicis |
| B. patersonii | Idiopterus nephrelepidis |
| B. spicant | Macrosiphum dryopteridis; Taiwanomyzus alpicola |
Use key to fern-feeding aphids under Polypodium.
| Blechum | Acanthaceae |
| Blechum pyramidatum | Aphis gossypii |
| Blepharis | Acanthaceae |
| Blepharis boerhaviaefolia | Aphis gossypii |
| Blephilia | Lamiaceae |
| Blephilia hirsuta | Aphis coreopsidis |
| Bletia | Orchidaceae |
| Bletia spp. | Myzus ascalonicus, persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids, or key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium.
| Bletilla | Orchidaceae |
| Bletilla striata | Aphis gossypii; Pseudomegoura magnoliae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids, or try key to orchid-feeding aphids under Cymbidium.
| Blitum | Amaranthaceae |
| Blitum capitatum | Aphis fabae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. virgatum | Aphis fabae |
Use key to apterae on Chenopodium.
| Blotiella | Dennstaedtiaceae |
| Blotiella natalensis | Idiopterus nephrelepidis |
| Blumea | Asteraceae |
| Blumea aurita = B. viscosa | |
| B. axillaris | Aphis gossypii |
| B. balsamifera | Aphis gossypii; Protaphis formosana; |
| Uroleucon [gobonis], orientale | |
| B. chinensis | Aleurodaphis blumeae |
| B. lacera | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Brachycaudus helichrysi; |
| Myzus ornatus, persicae | |
| B. laciniata | Aphis gossypii |
| B. megacephala | Aleurodaphis blumeae |
| B. solidaginoides = B. axillaris | |
| B. viscosa | Aphis gossypii; Uroleucon ambrosiae |
| B. wightiana | Aphis gossypii |
| Blumea spp. | Uroleucon budhium, compositae |
Key to apterae on Blumea:-
| 1 | Body flattened and dorsum sclerotic, with fused head and pronotum, fused ABD TERG 1-7, and a crenulate rim due to a continuous marginal row of wax glands. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed | …..Aleurodaphis blumeae |
| – | Body not flattened, segments not fused, no crenulate margin of wax glands. Cauda not knobbed, anal plate entire | …..2 |
| 2 | ANT PT/BASE about 1. SIPH a little shorter than cauda, which is broadly triangular with a rounded apex | …..Aphis formosana |
| – | ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 (or less than 0.5). SIPH longer than cauda, which is helmet-shaped or tongue-shaped | …..3 |
| 3 | SIPH wholly dark with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation | .….4 |
| – | SIPH pale or dark, but if wholly dark then without any subapical polygonal reticulation | ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 4 | R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II | …..5 |
| – | R IV+V long and thin, 1.7-2.0 × HT II | …..6 |
| 5 | Cauda pale, contrasting with dark SIPH, which are 1.0-1.5 × cauda. Coxae pale. ANT III with 8-35 rhinaria | …..Uroleucon ambrosiae |
| – | Cauda almost as dark as SIPH, which are 1.7-2.3 × cauda. Coxae dark. ANT III with 51-77 rhinaria | …..Uroleucon compositae |
| 6 | SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.12-0.17 of length | .…..Uroleucon budhium |
| – | SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.21-0.30 of length | ……Uroleucon orientale |
| Blumeopsis | Asteraceae |
| Blumeopsis falcata | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| Bocconia | Papaveraceae |
| Bocconia frutescens | Acyrthosiphon bidenticola; Aulacorthum solani; |
| Brachycaudus helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; | |
| Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus | |
| Bocconia sp. | [Sitobion avenae] |
Key to apterae on Bocconia:-
| – | ANT tubercles well developed with smooth divergent inner faces. ANT dark except at base, with ANT PT/BASE 5.9-7.5. SIPH dark except for pale basal 0.2-0.3 of length, with any subapical polygonal reticulation restricted to much less than 0.1 of length | ..…Acyrthosiphon bidenticola |
| – | Without that combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Boechera | Brassicaceae |
| Boechera stricta | Aphis gossypii |
| B. laevigata | Pemphigus populitransversus |
| Use key under Arabis. |
| Boehmeria | Urticaceae |
| Boehmeria candidissinia | Myzus ornatus |
| B. cylindrica | Aphis gossypii; [Uroleucon ambrosiae] |
| B. frutescens = Oreocnide frutescens | |
| B. japonica | Myzus moriokae, boehmeriae |
| B. longispica | Myzus persicae |
| B. nipononivea | Myzus boehmeriae, moriokae |
| B. nivea (incl. candicens, tenacissima) | Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; |
| Myzus boehmeriae, moriokae, ornatus, persicae | |
| B . pannosa | Aulacorthum solani |
| B. platanifolia | Myzus boehmeriae; Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. platyphylla | Myzus persicae |
| B. polystachya | [Schoutedenia ralumensis] |
| B. sidaefolia | [Matsumuraja sp.]; Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. spicata | Myzus boehmeriae |
| Boehmeria sp. | [Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus]; [Capitophorus indicus]; |
| Myzus fataunae, indicus |
Key to aphids on Boehmeria:-
| 1 | ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces parallel or convergent and strongly nodulose or spiculose | ..…2 |
| – | ANT tubercles weakly developed (or if well developed then smooth and divergent) | ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 2 | Dorsal hairs and those on ANT III longer than BD III | .…. “Myzus” moriokae* |
| – | Dorsal hairs and hairs on ANT III mostly very short and inconspicuous, less than 0.5 × BD III (except those on head and ABD TERG 7 and 8) | …..3 |
| 3 | ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. SIPH strongly imbricated or scabrous, and curved or with asymmetrical swelling of inner side | ..…4 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5. SIPH variously imbricated, straight, tapering or slightly clavate | .….6 |
| 4 | ANT 5-segmented. Dorsal cuticle sclerotic, wrinkled and/or nodulose. ABD TERG 7 extended posteriorly, cowl-like | …..Myzus fataunae |
| – | ANT 6-segmented. Dorsum membranous or sclerotic. ABD TERG 7 not extended posteriorly | ..…5 |
| 5 | Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental ornamentation. ANT V shorter than ANT IV | .….Myzus ornatus |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without dark intersegmental ornamentation. ANT V longer than IV (?) | …..Myzus indicus* |
| 6 | Dorsum with distinctive black markings; a large roughly horseshoe-shaped abdominal patch, and paired patches on thoracic tergites | ….. Neomyzus circumflexus |
| – | Dorsum without dark markings | …..7 |
| 7 | SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II. (Immatures with spinules on hind tibiae) | …..Myzus boehmeriae |
| – | SIPH slightly clavate. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II. (Immatures without spinules on hind tibiae) | ..…Myzus persicae |
| Boerhavia | Nyctaginaceae |
| Boerhavia coccinea | Aphis gossypii |
| B. diffusa | Aphis craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus persicae |
| B. erecta | Aphis [coreopsidis], craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola |
| B hispida (?) | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola |
| B. repens | Aphis gossypii |
| B. viscosa = B. coccinea |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Boisduvalia | Onagraceae |
| Boisduvalia densiflora | Aphis (Bursaphis) sp., Idaho USA (see aphidtrek.org) |
| (= Epilobium densiflorum) |
| Bolboschoenus see Scirpus | Cyperaceae |
| Boltonia see Kalimeris | Asteraceae |
| Boltonia indica = Kalimeris indica | |
| B. lautureana = Kalimeris lautureana |
| Bomarea | Alstroemeriaceae |
| Bomarea caldasiana = B. multiflora | |
| B. multiflora | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| Bombax | Bombacaceae |
| Bombax buonopozense | Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus |
| B. ceiba | Aphis citricidus, gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus persicae |
| B. malabaricum = B. ceiba |
(Use key to polyphagous aphids )
| Bonjeania see Lotus | Fabaceae |
| Bontia | Scrophulariaceae |
| Bontia daphnoides | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Borago | Boraginaceae |
| Borago officinalis | Aphis fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, symphyti, [triglochinis], |
| [varians]; | |
| Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; | |
| [Uroleucon compositae] | |
| B. orientalis = Trachystemon orientalis | |
| Borago spp. | Brachycaudus cardui ssp. turanica |
Key to apterae on Borago:-
| 1. | Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width, with a basal constriction. Spiracular apertures rounded. SIPH with a subapical annular incision | …..2 |
| – | Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform. SIPH without a subapical annular incision | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, (noting that specimens running to Aphis gossypii may be A. symphyti – see text for this species) |
| 2. | SIPH pale or slightly dusky, less than 1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotization | …..Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| – | SIPH dusky or dark, more than 1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed dark sclerotization | …..Brachycaudus cardui (incl. ssp. turanica) |
| Boronia | Rutaceae |
| Boronia denticulata | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. megastigma | Aphis gossypii; Myzus ornatus, persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Borreria see Spermacoce | Rubiaceae |
| Bossekia see Rubus | Rosaceae |
| Bossekia deliciosa see Rubus deliciosa | |
| B. nutkana see Rubus parviflorus | |
| B. odorata see Rubus odoratus |
| Bothriochloa | Poaceae |
| Bothrichloa bladhii | Hysteroneura setariae; Metopolophium dirhodum; |
| Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae | |
| B. caucasica = B. bladhii | |
| B. glabra = B. bladhii | |
| B. insculpta | Forda orientalis; Hysteroneura setariae; |
| Sitobion africanum, miscanthi | |
| B. ischaemum | Schizaphis graminum;Sipha flava, maydis; |
| Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. pertusa | Forda orientalis, riccobonii; Hysteroneura setariae; |
| Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sitobion lambersi, miscanthi; | |
| Tetraneura akinire |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Bothriocline | Asteraceae |
| Bothriocline laxa | Aphis gossypii |
| B. longipes | Aphis gossypii; Capitophorus elaeagni; |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae; | |
| Uroleucon compositae | |
| B. inyangana | Myzus persicae |
| B. ugandensis | Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi; |
| Uroleucon compositae |
Key to apterae on Bothriocline:-
| – | Hairs on front of head and dorsal body mostly long and capitate, with tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE more than 6. SIPH pale with dark apices | …..Capitophorus elaeagni |
| – | Dorsal hairs not capitate, without tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE less than 6. SIPH dark or pale, with or without dark apices | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bothriospermum | Boraginaceae |
| Bothriospermum chinense | Myzus persicae |
| B. tenellum = B. zeylanicum | |
| B. zeylanicum | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Bougainvillea | Nyctaginaceae |
| Bougainvillea brasiliensis = B. spectabilis | |
| B. buttiana | Myzus persicae |
| B. glabra (incl. var. sanderiana) | Aphis aurantii, craccivora, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae | |
| B. spectabilis | Aphis aurantii, [bougainvilleae Börner in Bodenheimer & |
| Swirski 1957 (nomen nudum)], citricidus, craccivora, | |
| fabae, gossypii, odinae, spiraecola; | |
| Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Greenidea ficicola]; | |
| Myzus antirrhinii, ornatus, persicae; | |
| Neomyzus circumflexus | |
| B. spinosa | Aphis craccivora |
| Bougainvillea spp. | Lizerius cermeli; [Schoutedenia ralumensis]; |
| Sinomegoura citricola |
Key to aphids on Bougainvillea:-
| – | Fore femora much thicker than mid and hind femora. Anal plate bilobed. Cauda with a constriction and an elongate knob. SIPH as short dark truncate cones. Apt. with long, pointed marginal processes. Forewing of al. with pterostigma extended to tip and heavily infuscated cubital veins | ..…Lizerius cermeli |
| – | Fore femora similar in thickness to mid and hind femora. Anal plate entire. Other characters not as above | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bouteloua | Poaceae |
| Bouteloua americana | Sipha flava |
| B. gracilis | Sitobion graminis |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Bouvardia | Rubiaceae |
| Bouvardia spp. | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; |
| Myzus ornatus, persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Bowkeria | Stilbaceae |
| Bowkeria gerrardiana = B. verticillata | |
| B. verticillata | Myzus ornatus, persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Boykinia | Saxifragaceae |
| Boykinia elata = B. occidentalis | |
| B. occidentalis | Nasonovia stroyani |
| Brachanthemum | Asteraceae |
| Brachanthemum fruticulosum | Myzus ornatus |
| Brachiaria | Poaceae |
| Brachiaria brizantha | Sitobion africanum, graminis, leelamaniae |
| B. comata | Aphis gossypii; Hysteroneura setariae |
| B. deflexa | Hysteroneura setariae |
| B. fasciculata | Sipha flava; Tetraneura akinire |
| B. humidicola | Sitobion africanum |
| B. kotschyana = B. comata | |
| B. lachnantha | Sitobion graminis |
| B. lata | Aphis gossypii |
| B. mutica | Hysteroneura setariae; Rhopalosiphum maidis; |
| Schizaphis graminum, hypersiphonata; Sitobion miscanthi; | |
| Tetraneura akinire | |
| B. paspaloides = Urochloa glumaris | |
| B. ramosa | Sitobion graminis; Tetraneura akinire, radicicola group |
| B. remota | Tetraneura akinire |
| B. reptans | Hysteroneura setariae; Pseudoregma panicola; |
| Schizaphis graminum; Tetraneura akinire | |
| B. subquadripara | Hysteroneura setariae; Rhopalosiphum padi |
| Brachiaria sp.(?) | Pentalonia gavarri (as Micromyzus brachiariae) |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Brachychiton | Sterculiaceae |
| Brachychiton spp. | Myzus persicae; Sitobion sp. |
| Brachycome see Brachyscome | Asteraceae |
| Brachyglottis | Asteraceae |
| Brachyglottis huntii | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| Brachylaena | Asteraceae |
| Brachylaena dentata (?) | Aphis gossypii |
| B. discolor | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| B. ramiflora | Uroleucon compositae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Brachypodium (including Brevipodium) | Poaceae |
| Brachypodium phoenicoides | Myzus persicae; Sipha elegans, flava |
| B. pinnatum | Anoecia corni, major, zirnitsi; Metopolophium dirhodum; |
| Paracletus cimiciformis; Rhopalomyzus poae; | |
| Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha maydis; | |
| Tetraneura africana, longisetosa, ulmi | |
| B. retusum | Atheroides serrulatus; Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae; |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans | |
| B. sylvaticum | Anoecia corni, major, zirnitsi; Diuraphis noxia; |
| Forda rotunda; Melanaphis pyraria; | |
| Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi; | |
| Sitobion avenae, miscanthi; Tetraneura longisetosa |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Brachyscome (including Brachycome) | Asteraceae |
| B. iberidifola | Uroleucon compositae |
| B. multifida | Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Brachystegia | Fabaceae |
| Brachystegia spp. | Aphis craccivora, gossypii |
(Use key to polyphagous aphids )
| Brachytheciastrum | Brachytheciaceae |
| Brachytheciastrum velutinum | Muscaphis musci |
Use key to moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.
| Brachythecium | Brachytheciaceae |
| Brachythecium albicans | Pseudacaudella rubida |
| B. frigidum | Myzodium mimulicola |
| B. rivulare | Myzodium mimulicola |
| B. rutabulum | Muscaphis musci |
| B. salebrosum | Muscaphis escherichi |
| B. starkii | [Pachypappa sacculi] |
| B. velutinum | Muscaphis musci |
| Brachythecium sp. | [Clydesmithia canadensis]; [Prociphilus xylostei] |
Use key to moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.
| Brasilettia see Peltophorum | Fabaceae |
| Brasenia | Cabombaceae |
| Brasenia schreberi | Rhopalosiphum maidis |
| Brassaia see Schefflera | Araliaceae |
| Brassia | Orchidaceae |
| Brassia cochleata | Myzus ornatus |
| B. lawrenceana = B. cochleata |
| Brassica | Brassicaceae |
| Brassica alba = Sinapis alba | |
| B. arvensis = Sinapis arvensis | |
| B. barrelieri | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| B. campestris = B. rapa | |
| B. caulorapa = B. oleracea | |
| B. cernua = B. juncea | |
| B. chinensis = B. rapa | |
| B. elongata | Aphis nasturtii, triglochinis |
| B. fimbriata = B. oleracea | |
| B. fruticulosa | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| B. hirta = Sinapis alba | |
| B. integrifolia = B. juncea | |
| B. juncea | Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; |
| (incl. var. crispifolia) | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brevicoryne brassicae; |
| [Liosomaphis himalayensis]; Lipaphis pseudobrassicae; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; | |
| Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; [Sitobion avenae, miscanthi]; | |
| [Utamphorophora commelinensis] | |
| B. kaber = Sinapis arvensis | |
| B. napobrassica = B. napus | |
| B. napus (incl. vars | Aphis fabae; Brevicoryne brassicae; |
| esculenta, rapifera) | Lipaphis pseudobrassicae; Myzus ascalonicus, persicae; |
| Pemphigus populitransversus; Smynthurodes betae | |
| B. nigra | Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani; |
| Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi, pseudobrassicae; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ornatus, persicae; | |
| Pemphigus populitransversus; Protaphis middletonii | |
| B. oleracea | Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, nasturtii, spiraecola; |
| (incl. vars acephala, | Aulacorthum [prasinum], solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; |
| alboglabra, botrytis, | Brevicoryne brassicae; [Dysaphis montemartinii ghanii]; |
| capitata, caulorapa, | [Hyalopterus pruni]; Lipaphis pseudobrassicae; |
| gongyloides, ramosa) | Macrosiphum euphorbiae; |
| Myzus antirrhinii, ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; | |
| Pemphigus populitransversus; Protaphis middletonii; | |
| Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon; | |
| [Sitobion miscanthi]; Smynthurodes betae | |
| B. pekinensis = B. rapa | |
| B. petsai = B. rapa | |
| B. rapa | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Brevicoryne brassicae; |
| [Dysaphis tulipae]; [Liosomaphis himalayensis]; | |
| Lipaphis erysimi, [lepidii], pseudobrassicae; | |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus antirrhinii, persicae; | |
| Pemphigus populitransversus; Protaphis middletonii; | |
| Pseudobrevicoryne buhri; | |
| Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; Smynthurodes betae; | |
| [Tuberocephalus longqishanensis (= Myzus padellus?)] | |
| B. rugosa = B. juncea | |
| B. rupestris | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| B. sabularia = B. barrelieri | |
| B. sinapistrum = Sinapis arvensis | |
| B. tournefortii | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| Brassica spp. | Brevicoryne nigrisiphunculata; Lipaphis unguibrevis; |
| [Myzus certus] |
Key to apterae on Brassica and Sinapis:-
(See Blackman & Eastop (2000) for simpler keys to aphids on cultivated Brassica spp.)
| 1 | SIPH present and only 0.6-0.8 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.8 | ..…Brachyunguis harmalae |
| – | SIPH present or absent, but if present then ANT PT/BASE is always more than 1 | ..…2 |
| 2 | SIPH as very short, flangeless, pigmented cones, less than 0.5 × cauda. Apt. with secondary rhinaria on distal part of ANT III, and also usually on IV and V | .….Pseudobrevicoryne buhri |
| – | SIPH either absent or tubular and at least 0.6 × cauda. ANT of aptera with or without secondary rhinaria, but these are always restricted to ANT III | ..…3 |
| 3 | SIPH slightly swollen, but not clavate (without narrow section on basal half). ANT tubercles absent, or if developed then not projecting forward beyond middle part of head, so that front of head is convex, straight or sinuate in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..4 |
| – | Without this combination of characters; i.e. if SIPH are present then they are tapering, cylindrical or clavate (with narrow section on basal half), and either ANT tubercles are very well-developed or ABD TERG 1 and 7 have MTu | ..…8 |
| 4 | ANT III 2.5-3.7 × SIPH, which are 0.65-1.0 × cauda | .….5 |
| – | ANT III 1.2-1.7 × SIPH, which are 1.2-1.6 × cauda | .….6 |
| 5 | SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is as dark as SIPH and broadly triangular. R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.8. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT III 40-78, IV 0-5, V 0) | ..…Brevicoryne brassicae |
| – | SIPH 0.65-0.8 × cauda, which is tongue-shaped and pale, contrasting with jet black SIPH. R IV+V 0.85-0.95 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-2.2. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 36-38, IV 0, V 0) | ..…Brevicoryne nigrisiphunculata |
| 6 | ANT PT/BASE about 1.2. SIPH more than 2 × ANT PT. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT III 5-8, IV 0-2, V 0) | .….Lipaphis unguibrevis |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. SIPH about as long as ANT PT. (Al. with secondary rhinaria on ANT III 9-32, IV 2-13, V 0-3) | ..…7 |
| 7 | ANT III + PT together 1.95-2.5 × SIPH (90% of specimens less than 2.4 ×) | …..Lipaphis erysimi |
| – | ANT III + PT together 2.1-3.2 × SIPH (90% of specimens more than 2.4 ×) | …..Lipaphis pseudobrassicae |
| 8 | Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, usually more than 8.0. Hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.1 × BD III. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental markings | …..Nasonovia ribisnigri |
| – | Without that combination of characters | ..…9 |
| 9 | SIPH pale, very long and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths, 0.33-0.45 × BL and 2.5-3.5 × cauda | …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii |
| – | SIPH (if present) pale or dark, thicker and relatively shorter | …..10 |
| 10 | ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH 0.7-1.3 × cauda | …..Aphis triglochinis |
| – | Without that combination of characters; if ANT PT/BASE is less than 1.9 then SIPH are either absent or more than 1.3 × cauda | …..11 |
| 11 | SIPH mainly pale and moderately clavate. Dorsal abdomen evenly darkly pigmented. Cauda dark | …..Myzus raphanense* |
| – | Without that combination of characters; If SIPH are pale and clavate then dorsum and cauda are pale | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Breea | Asteraceae |
| Breea segeta | Aphis gossypii; Capitophorus elaeagni, [evelaeagni]; |
| [Hyperomyzus sinilactucae]; Uroleucon cephalonopli |
Use key to apterae on Cirsium.
| Bremeria | Rubiaceae |
| Bremeria landia | Aphis spiraecola |
| (var holosericea) |
| Brevipodium see Brachypodium | Poaceae |
| Breynia (including Melanthesa) | Phyllanthaceae |
| Breynia cernua | Aphis eugeniae; Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| B. disticha | Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| B. formosana = B. vitis-idaea | |
| B. fruticosa | Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| B. microphylla | Sitobion breyniae |
| B. nivosa = B. disticha | |
| B. oblongifolia | Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| B. officinalis = B. vitis-idaea | |
| B. patens =B. retusa | |
| B. racemosa | Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| B. retusa | Aphis spiraecola |
| B. rhamnoides = B. vitis-idaea | |
| B. vitis-idaea | Aphis gossypii; Schoutedenia ralumensis; |
| Sitobion phyllanthi |
Key to apterae on Breynia:-
| 1 | ABD TERG 7 with a pair of long, pointed backwardly-directed processes. SIPH as short cones. ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than 1 | ..…Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| – | ABD TERG 7 without processes. SIPH tubular, much longer than wide. ANT usually 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE more than 2 | …..2 |
| 2 | SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation (if with only a few indistinct polygonal cells then SIPH are constricted at apex and have a very small flange). ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..3 |
| – | SIPH without subapical reticulation. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu | …..4 |
| 3 | Dorsum with transverse segmental bands or rows of sclerites, and large marginal sclerites which usually bear small tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 2-4 (-6). ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.2. R IV+V 0.6-0.8 × HT II. SIPH long and thin, constricted at apex, with slight subapical swelling and often rather indistinct subapical polygonal reticulation | …..Sitobion phyllanthi |
| – | Dorsum without sclerotic markings. MTu usually absent. ANT PT/BASE 5.2-6.5. R IV+V 0.85-0.94 × HT II. SIPH with polygonal reticulation over about distal 0.3 of length | …..Sitobion breyniae |
| 4 | Cauda black with 8-16 hairs. Hind tibia with a row of short spine-like hairs on ventral side of basal half. HT I with 3 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.5 | …..Aphis eugeniae |
| – | Without that combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24 |
| Brickellia (incl. Kuhnia) | Asteraceae |
| Brickellia eupatorioides | Uroleucon atripes |
| B. grandiflora | Aphis coreopsidis |
| B. hebecarpa = B. paniculata | |
| B. leptophylla = B. eupatorioides | |
| B. microphylla | Uroleucon nevadense |
| B. nutanticeps | Uroleucon mexicanum, paucosensoriatum |
| B. paniculata | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. veronicifolia | Uroleucon erigeronense |
| Brickellia sp. | Uroleucon erigeronense, reynoldense |
Key to apterae on Brickellia:-
| 1 | SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation extending over 0.3 or more of length. ANT tubercles rather well developed, their inner faces broadly divergent | .….2 |
| – | SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed or absent | .….4 |
| 2 | SIPH 4-6 × cauda. Small aphid, BL 1.1-1.3 mm | …..Uroleucon nevadense |
| – | SIPH 1.0-2.35 × cauda. BL more than 1.5 mm | …..3 |
| 3 | SIPH pale at base, 1.8-2.35 × cauda, which has 6-10 hairs, the most distal 3-4 of which are shorter than the more proximal (lateral) hairs, and often blunt. Tibiae pale or dusky on basal half | ..…Uroleucon erigeronense |
| – | SIPH entirely dark, 1.0-1.8 × cauda which has all hairs pointed. Tibiae uniformly pigmented, brown or black | …..4 |
| 4 | SIPH with polygonal reticulation extending over distal 0.41-0.60 of length | …..Uroelucon mexicanum |
| – | SIPH with distal polygonal reticulation extending over less than 0.4 of length | …..5 |
| 5 | ABD TERG 2-5 with marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..Uroleucon atripes |
| – | ABD TERG 2-5 without MTu | …..6 |
| 6 | ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs. SIPH nearly smooth basad of reticulated zone | …..Uroleucon paucosensoriatum |
| – | ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs. SIPH eveny spiculated basad of reticulated area | …..Uroleucon reynoldense |
| 7 | Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH short, conical, pale and smooth | ..…Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| – | Cauda tongue-shaped, more than twice its basal width. SIPH long and thin, dark and imbricated | ..…Aphis coreopsidis |
| Bridelia | Euphorbiaceae |
| Bridelia atroviridis | Sitobion sp. |
| B. bridelifolia | Sitobion halli |
| B. minutiflora | Greenideoida elongata |
| B. mollis | [Aphis craccivora] |
| B. monoica = B. tomentosa | |
| B. ovata | Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; Sinomegoura citricola |
| B. tomentosa | Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus; Greenidea brideliae, fulva; |
| Greenideoida elongata, fransseni; | |
| Bridelia sp. | Aphis gossypii; Schoutedenia ralumensis |
Key to species on Bridelia:-
| 1 | SIPH as pores on very broad cones. ABD TERG 7 with a pair of long, pointed, backward projections | …..Schoutedenia ralumensis |
| – | SIPH tubular. ABD TERG 7 without long projections | …..2 |
| 2 | SIPH with numerous long hairs | …..3 |
| – | SIPH without hairs | …..6 |
| 3 | Antenna 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0. SIPH with a reticulate pattern of pale transverse interconnected striae either at base or over most of their length. Cauda with a terminal papilla | …..4 |
| – | Antenna 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE about 1.0. SIPH without a reticulate pattern. Cauda semicircular, without a papilla | …..5 |
| 4 | SIPH with pale reticulation extending over almost their entire length. Cauda with apical papilla short, not or hardly longer than its width at base. R IV+V less than 1.4 × HT II | …..Greenidea brideliae |
| – | SIPH with reticulation only at base. Cauda with apical papilla finger-like, more than twice as long as its basal width. R IV+V long and slender, more than 1.9 × HT II | …..Greenidea fulva* |
| 5 | Body 2.5-3.3 × its maximum width. ANT III 2.2-2.7 × ANT IV. SIPH 0.89-1.55 mm long. Dorsum with minute spinules in irregular transverse rows | …..Greenideoida elongata |
| – | Body 2.0-2.2 × its maximum width. ANT III 1.7-2.0 × ANT IV. SIPH 0.63-0.87 mm long. Dorsum without spinules | …..Greenideoida fransseni* |
| 6 | Antennal tubercles weakly developed. Cauda tongue-shaped, rounded at apex | …..7 |
| – | Antennal tubercles moderately to well developed. Cauda finger-like, tapering distally | …..8 |
| 7 | Stridulatory apparatus present. Cauda as black as SIPH, with over 20 hairs | ….. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus |
| – | No stridulatory apparatus. Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-7 hairs | …..Aphis gossypii (or try key to polyphagous aphids) |
| 8 | SIPH about 0.2 × BL, similar in length to cauda, without any polygonal reticulation | …..Sinomegoura citricola |
| – | SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, clearly longer than cauda, with an subapical zone of polygonal reticulation | …..Sitobion halli, Sitobion sp. |
| Brillantaisia | Acanthaceae |
| Brillantaisia cicatricosa | Myzus ornatus |
| B. niteus = B. owariensis | |
| B. owariensis | Aphis gossypii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Briza | Poaceae |
| Briza maxima | Metopolophium dirhodum; Sitobion fragariae |
| B.media | Forda formicaria, marginata; Rhopalosiphum padi; |
| Sitobion avenae | |
| B. minor | Melanaphis pyraria; Rhopalosiphum padi; Sipha maydis; |
| Sitobion avenae |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Bromopsis see Bromus | Poaceae |
| Bromus (including Ceratochloa) | Poaceae |
| Bromus arvensis | Anoecia corni; Forda marginata; |
| Schizaphis dubia, longicaudata, rufula; Sipha maydis; | |
| Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. berteroanus | Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi; |
| Sitobion avenae | |
| B. biebersteinii | Sipha flava |
| B. carinatus | Diuraphis mexicana, noxia; |
| Metopolophium dirhodum, fasciatum; | |
| Rhopalosiphum padi; Utamphorophora bromicola | |
| B. catharticus (incl. | Anoecia corni, vagans; Aploneura lentisci; |
| unioloides, wildenowii) | Diuraphis mexicana, noxia; Geoica lucifuga; |
| Metopolophium chandrani, dirhodum; | |
| Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi, rufiabdominale; | |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha maydis; | |
| Sitobion africanum, avenae, fragariae, graminis, miscanthi; | |
| Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. ciliatus | Forda marginata; Sitobion fragariae |
| B. commutatus | Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae |
| B. danthoniae | Diuraphis noxia; Forda hirsuta, marginata, pawlowae; |
| Geoica utricularia; Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. diandrus | Israelaphis ilharcoi |
| B. erectus | Anoecia furcata; Forda formicaria, marginata, pawlowae; |
| Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum padi; | |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans, maydis; | |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. gussonei = B. diandrus | |
| B. hordeaceus | Anoecia corni, furcata, haupti; Aploneura lentisci; |
| Diuraphis noxia; Forda formicaria, marginata, pawlowae; | |
| Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae; Rhopalosiphum padi; | |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha maydis; | |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae, miscanthi, paludum; | |
| Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. inermis | Anoecia corni, haupti; [Ceratovacuna korotnevi]; |
| Cryptaphis bromi; | |
| Diuraphis bromicola, frequens, holci; | |
| Forda formicaria, marginata; | |
| Metopolophium dirhodum; Paracletus cimiciformis; | |
| Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi; | |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans, maydis; | |
| Sitobion avenae, [Sitobion sp. (Raychaudhuri 1984)]; | |
| Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. japonicus | Anoecia corni; Diuraphis bromicola; Forda marginata; |
| Geoica utricularia; | |
| Paracletus bykovi ssp. uzbekistanicus, cimiciformis; | |
| Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum; | |
| Sitobion akebiae, avenae, fragariae | |
| B. lanceolatus | Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion avenae, fragariae |
| B. madritensis | Diuraphis noxia; Forda formicaria, marginata, riccobonii; |
| Geoica utricularia; Melanaphis pyraria; | |
| Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzus persicae; | |
| Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi; Schizaphis graminum; | |
| Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. marginatus | Diuraphis mexicana, noxia, tritici; Forda marginata; |
| Sipha flava | |
| B. maximus = B. rigidus | |
| B. mollis = B. hordeaceus | |
| B. nemoralis = B. ramosus | |
| B. oxyodon | Sitobion avenae |
| B. polyanthus | Diuraphis mexicana |
| B. porteri | Schizaphis graminum |
| B. proximus var. genuinus | Diuraphis mexicana, noxia |
| B. racemosus | Macrosiphum euphorbiae; |
| Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae cerealium; | |
| Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum padi; | |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. ramosus | Forda formicaria, marginata; Rhopalosiphum padi; |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. rigens = B. scoparius | |
| B. rigidus (incl. maximus) | Anoecia haupti; Aploneura lentisci; Baizongia pistaciae; |
| Diuraphis noxia; Forda formicaria; | |
| Geoica utricularia; Israelaphis carmini, ilharcoi, lambersi; | |
| Melanaphis pyrexia; Metopolophium dirhodum; | |
| Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum; | |
| Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. rubens | Aphis craccivora; Diuraphis noxia |
| B. scoparius | Forda marginata; Geoica utricularia; |
| Melanaphis pyrarius; Paracletus bykovi; Sipha maydis; | |
| Sitobion avenae; Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. secalinus | Diuraphis bromicola; Rhopalosiphum padi; |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion avenae | |
| B. squarrosus | Rhopalosiphum padi; Sitobion lambersi |
| B. sterilis | Anoecia corni; Aploneura lentisci; Atheroides serrulatus; |
| Baizongia pistaciae; Forda formicaria, marginata; | |
| Geoica utricularia; Hyalopteroides humilis; | |
| Israelaphis ilharcoi; Metopolophium dirhodum; | |
| Paracletus bykovi ssp. uzbekistanicus; | |
| Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon; Rhopalosiphum padi; | |
| Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans; | |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae; | |
| Tetraneura ulmi | |
| B. tectorum | Diuraphis mexicana, noxia; Forda marginata; |
| Melanaphis pyraria; Paracletus bykovi; | |
| Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum; | |
| Sitobion avenae, fragariae | |
| B. unioloides = B. catharticus | |
| B. variegatus | Sitobion avenae, fragariae |
| B. villosus = B. madritensis | |
| B. willdenowii = B. catharticus | |
| Bromus spp. | [Aploneura ampelina]; Chaetosiphella tshernavini; |
| Laingia psammae; Metopolophium albidum |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Brosimum | Moraceae |
| Brosimum gaudichaudii | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| Broussonettia | Moraceae |
| Broussonettia kazinoki | Aphis gossypii; [Cavariella araliae] |
| B. papyrifera | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Browallia | Solanaceae |
| Browallia americana | Aphis fabae |
| B. viscosa = B. americana | |
| Browallia sp. | Aphis spiraecola |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Brugmansia | Solanaceae |
| Brugmansia arborea | Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. ×candida | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. sanguinea | Myzus persicae |
| B. suaveolens | Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae; |
| Neomyzus circumflexus |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Brunella see Prunella | Lamiaceae |
| Brunellia | Brunelliaceae |
| Brunellia comocladifolia | Neomyzus circumflexus |
| Brunfelsia | Solanaceae |
| Brunfelsia americana | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| B. uniflora | [Ceratopemphigus zehntneri] |
| Brunnera | Boraginaceae |
| Brunnera macrophylla | Aphis gossypii; Neomyzus circumflexus |
| Use key to apterae on Anchusa. |
| Brya | Fabaceae |
| Brya ebenus | Aphis craccivora |
| Bryanthus | Ericaceae |
| Bryanthus empetriformis | Macrosiphum opportunisticum |
| Bryonia | Cucurbitaceae |
| Bryonia alba | Aphis fabae, nasturtii |
| B. dioica | Aphis fabae, gossypii, spiraecola; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. rhamnoides (?) | Aphis gossypii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Bryophyllum | Crassulaceae |
| Bryophyllum calycinum = Kalanchoe pinnata | |
| B. delagoense | Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. pinnatum | Aphis gossypii, sedi, [Aphis sp. (Leonard 1972a)]; |
| Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae; | |
| Neomyzus circumflexus | |
| B. proliferum | Myzus ornatus; Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. waldheimii | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
Use key to apterae on Kalanchoe.
| Bryum | Bryaceae |
| Bryum pallens | Jacksonia papillata |
| Bryum sp. | Muscaphis musci |
Use key to moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.
| Buchanania | Anacardiaceae |
| Buchanania latifolia | [Formosaphis micheliae] |
| Buchenavia | Combretaceae |
| Buchenavia sp. | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| Buchnera | Orobanchaceae |
| Buchnera hispida | Aphis gossypii |
| Buddleja | Scrophulariaceae |
| Buddleja asiatica | [Aiceona retipennis]; Aphis gossypii |
| B. brasiliensis | Myzus persicae |
| B. coriacea | Myzus persicae |
| B. curviflora | Aphis spiraecola; Myzus persicae |
| B. cystisoides (?) | Aphis gossypii |
| B. davidii (incl. var. | Aphis craccivora, faabae, verbasci; |
| nanhoensis) | Myzus antirrhinii, ornatus, persicae |
| B. macrostachya | Aphis gossypii |
| B. madagascariensis | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola, verbasci; Myzus persicae; |
| [Hyalopterus pruni] | |
| B. officinalis | Aphis gossypii |
| B. paniculata | Aphis raji, verbasci |
| B. variabilis = B. davidii | |
| B. venenifera | Aphis spiraecola |
| Buddleja spp. | [Aphis paraverbasci]; Aulacorthum solani; |
| Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Greenideoidea lutea]; | |
| [Mollitrichosiphum nandii]; [Taoia indica] |
Key to apterae on Buddleja:-
| 1 | R IV+V 1.3-1.9 × cauda and 0.7-1.5 × ANT PT | …..2 |
| – | R IV+V shorter than cauda and 0.2-0.6 × ANT PT | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids; specimens from B. davidii running to Myzus persicae are likely to be M. antirrhinii |
| 2 | SIPH 6-17 × longest lateral abdominal hair (which is 23-51 μm). SIPH (1.8-) 2.0-2.6 × cauda, and 1.1-1.75 × R IV+V. ANT PT 5.9-15 × longest lateral abdominal hair. ANT PT/BASE 1.85-2.75, only less than 2.1 in large specimens with BASE VI at least 0.125 mm. ABD TERG 1 and 7 consistently with marginal tubercles (MTu). (Al. with 12-32 secondary rhinaria on ANT III and 1-10 on IV) | …..Aphis verbasci |
| – | SIPH 1.8-2.7 × longest lateral abdominal hair (which is 78-103 μm). SIPH 1.2-2.0 (-2.4) × cauda, and 0.6-1.15 × R IV+V. ANT PT 1.5-2.4 × longest lateral abdominal hair. ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.0. ABD TERG 1 with MTu, but ABD TERG 7 often without. (Al. with 4-9 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, and 0 on IV) | …..Aphis raji |
| Bufonia | Caryophyllaceae |
| Bufonia macropetala | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| Buglossoides | Boraginaceae |
| Buglossoides arvensis | Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus cardui |
| B. purpureocaerulea | Aulacorthum solani; Myzus persicae |
| B. tenuiflora | [Anuraphis lithospermi Rusanova 1942 (nomen nudum)] |
Key to apterae on Buglossoides:-
| – | Dorsum with an extensive dark sclerotic shield. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes | …..Brachycaudus cardui |
| – | Without that combination of characters; if dorsum has extensive dark sclerotisation then spiracular apertures are small and reniform. No mesosternal processes | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bulbine | Asphodelaceae |
| Bulbine alooides | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| Bulbine spp. | Aphis gossypii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Bulbinella | Asphodelaceae |
| Bulbinella sp. | Myzus persicae |
| Bulbophyllum | Orchidaceae |
| Bulbophyllum sp. | Cerataphis orchidearum |
| Bulbostylis | Cyperaceae |
| Bulbostylis hispidula | Aphis gossypii |
| Bulnesia | Zygophyllaceae |
| Bulnesia retamo | Aphis craccivora |
| Bunchosia | Malpighiaceae |
| Bunchosia lanceolata = B. lindeniana | |
| B. lindeniana | Myzus persicae |
| Bunias | Brassicaceae |
| Bunias erucago | Brevicoryne brassicae |
| Bunium | Apiaceae |
| Bunium capusii | [Cavariella aegopodii] |
| B. persicum | Cavariella [aegopodii], bunii; [Rhopalomyzus narzikulovi] |
| B. setosum (?setaceum) | [Brachyunguis flexosiphon]; [Cavariella aegopodii]; |
| Dysaphis foeniculus; | |
| Hyadaphis coriandri, haplophylli; | |
| Semiaphis anthrisci, dauci, horvathi | |
| Bunium sp. | Dysaphis bunii; Hyadaphis coerulescens |
Key to apterae on Bunium:-
| 1 | SIPH very small and flangeless, only c.0.5 × cauda or less, with apex curved towards midline | …..2 |
| – | SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda | …..4 |
| 2 | ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.5 | …..Semiaphis anthrisci |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.5 | …..3 |
| 3 | Well-developed flat marginal tubercles (MTu) usually present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-5, mostly much larger than spiracular apertures, and spinal tubercles (STu) usually present on ABD TERG 5-7 | …..Semiaphis horvathi |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.5. MTu and STu irregularly present, MTu rarely larger than the spiracular apertures, except on ABD TERG 5 | …..Semiaphis dauci |
| 4 | Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH dark, tapering | ….5 |
| – | Cauda tongue-shaped, distinctly longer than its basal width. SIPH pale or dark, clavate or with some swelling | …..6 |
| 5 | Pronotum with a pair of pleural hairs close to the posterior border | …..Dysaphis bunii* |
| – | Pronotum without a pair of pleural hairs | …..Dysaphis foeniculus |
| 6 | ABD TERG 8 with a backwardly-pointing supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE about 1.1 | ..…Cavariella bunii* |
| – | No supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 | ..…7 |
| 7 | SIPH short and stumpy, less than 0.1 × BL | ..…Hyadaphis coriandri |
| – | SIPH swollen or clavate, more than 0.1 × BL | ..…8 |
| 8 | ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.3. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II | ..…Hyadaphis coerulescens |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.2. R IV+V 0.5-0.7 × HT II | ..…Hyadaphis haplophylli |
| Buphthalmum | Asteraceae |
| Buphthalmum salicifolium | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Capitophorus inulae |
| Buphthalmum sp. | Aulacorthum solani |
Key to apterae on Buphthalmum:-
| – | Dorsal hairs thick and capitate. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-9.5 | …..Capitophorus inulae |
| – | Dorsal hairs pointed or inconspicuous. ANT PT/BASE less than 5.5 | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bupleurum | Apiaceae |
| Bupleurum aureum | Aphis bupleuri, [fabae], talgarica; Hyadaphis bupleuri; |
| Macrosiphum bupleuri, gei; | |
| Semiaphis anthrisci, dauci, sphondylii | |
| B. baldense | Aphis bupleuri |
| B. czimganicum = B. falcatum ssp. cernuum | |
| B. euphorbioides | Semiaphis heraclei |
| B. exaltatum = B. falcatum ssp. cernuum | |
| B. falcatum (incl. ssp. cernuum) | Aphis bupleuri; |
| Hyadaphis agabiformis, bupleuri | |
| B. fruticosum | Aphis caroliboerneri; Cavariella aegopodii] |
| B. krylovianum | Aphis talgarica; Semiaphis sphondylii |
| B. linearifolium = B. falcatum ssp. cernuum | |
| B. longifolium | Aphis funitecta, talgarica; |
| Macrosiphum bupleuri, cholodkovskyi; | |
| Semiaphis anthrisci | |
| B. multinerve | Aphis funitecta, talgarica; Semiaphis sphondylii |
| B. praealtum | Aphis bupleuri |
| B. ranunculoides | Aphis bupleuri |
| B. rigidum | Aphis caroliboerneri |
| B. rossicum = B. falcatum | |
| B. scorzonerifolium | Aphis bupleuri; Hyadaphis mongolica |
| B. stellatum | Semiaphis sp. (Switzerland, BMNH colln, leg. Stäger) |
| Bupleurum sp. | Hyadaphis bupleuriphila; |
| Semiaphis sp. (France, BMNH colln, leg. G. Remaudière) |
Key to aphids on Bupleurum:-
| 1 | ANT tubercles well developed, divergent. SIPH very long with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation | …..2 |
| – | ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed. SIPH without subapical reticulation | …..4 |
| 2 | R IV+V 0.70-0.79 × HT II | …..Macrosiphum bupleuri |
| – | R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II | …..3 |
| 3 | ANT IV 1.0-1.4 × ANT V. ANT III 4.9-6.9 × BASE VI and 0.85-1.25 × PT. Anterior part (“disc”) of subgenital plate bearing 2-7 hairs (usually 2-3) | .….Macrosiphum cholodkovskyi |
| – | ANT IV 0.9-1.1 × ANT V. ANT III 4.0-5.2 × BASE VI and 0.70-1.1 × PT. Anterior part of subgenital plate with 2-12 (usually 5-6) hairs | ..…Macrosiphum gei |
| 4 | SIPH not swollen. If marginal tubercles (MTu) are present at all then they occur on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…5 |
| – | SIPH with distinct swelling. If MTu are present then they are on ABD TERG 2-4 (-6) never on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…8 |
| 5 | ANT (of apt.) usually without secondary rhinaria | …..6 |
| – | ANT III-IV (-V) (of apt.) with secondary rhinaria | ……7 |
| 6 | ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.2. SIPH 0.56-0.77 × cauda, which bears 5-8 hairs. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 7-16, IV 1-5, V 0-3) | ..…Aphis caroliboerneri |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.35-1.45. SIPH 0.47-0.53× cauda, which bears c.11-12 hairs. (Al. unknown) | …..Aphis talgarica |
| 7 | SIPH very short, 0.6-0.7 × HT II. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 very small, or absent. (Al. with rhinaria distributed ANT III 54-67, IV 32-40, V 14-18) | ..…Aphis funitecta |
| – | SIPH 0.8-1.1 × HT II. Large MTu present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. (Al. with secondary rhinaria distrubuted ANT III 28-41, IV 13-15, V 0-10) | .….Aphis bupleuri |
| 8 | SIPH very small and flangeless, only c.0.5 × cauda or less, with apex curved towards midline. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 | …..Semiaphis sp(p). |
| – | SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, if shorter than cauda then ANT PT/BASE less than 1 | …..9 |
| 9 | SIPH clearly shorter than (about 0.75 ×) cauda. ANT PT/BASE less than 1 | …..Hyadaphis agabiformis |
| – | SIPH 0.9-1.7 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE more than 1 | ..…10 |
| 10 | Dorsum sclerotic, with strongly impressed reticulate sculpturing | …..Hyadaphis mongolica |
| – | Dorsum membranous or only lightly sclerotised, variably reticulated, not strongly impressed | …..11 |
| 11 | SIPH and cauda dark (dusky in hot weather dwarfs). R IV+V 0.45-0.6 × HT II. SIPH 0.95-1.25 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-2.4 | ..…Hyadaphis bupleuri |
| – | SIPH and cauda pale. R IV+V 0.75-1.02 × HT II. SIPH 1.27-1.67 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.8 | ..…Hyadaphis bupleuriphila |
| Bursaria | Pittosporaceae |
| Bursaria spinosa | Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| (incl. vars incana, inermis) | |
| Use key to polyphagous aphids. |
| Bursera | Burseraceae |
| Bursera simaruba | Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Butea | Fabaceae |
| Butea frondosa = B. monosperma | |
| B. minor (?) | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. monosperma | Aphis aurantii, craccivora, gossypii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Butia | Arecaceae |
| Butia capitata | Cerataphis brasiliensis |
| B. eriospatha | Cerataphis brasiliensis |
Use key to apterae on palms under Calamus.
| Butomus | Butomaceae |
| Butomus umbellatus | Aphis nasturtii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; |
| Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae |
Key to apterae on Butomus:-
| 1 | ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent. SIPH mainly pale, 0.25-0.35 × BL, cylindrical on distal half and with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation | ..…Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| – | ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH about 0.2 × BL, without polygonal reticulation | …..2 |
| 2 | SIPH pale or only dark at apices, cylindrical or tapering. Dorsum without bead-like spinules | …..Aphis nasturtii |
| – | SIPH dusky or dark, swollen on distal half. Dorsal cuticle with a reticulate pattern of bead-like spinules | ..…Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae |
| (or try key to polyphagous aphids) |
| Buxus | Buxaceae |
| Buxus harlandii | Myzus persicae |
| B. liukiuensis | Sinomegoura citricola |
| B. sempervirens | Aphis aurantii, fabae, spiraecola; |
| Myzus persicae; Protaphis middletonii; | |
| B. sinica | Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus |
| B. wallichiana | [Amphicercidus tuberculatus] |
| Buxus spp. | [Taiwanaphis decaspermi]; [Macrosiphum rosae] |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Byttneria | Malvaceae |
| Byttneria biloba | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |