Many or all dorsal hairs expanded from base, fan- or funnel-shaped, or
with fan- or funnel-shaped apices, or (in one species) minute with
club-shaped apices. SIPH thin, at midlength less than half thickness of cauda, without any polygonal reticulation
….. Pleotrichophorus spp. (use key under Chrysothamnus)
–
Dorsal hairs never fan-or
funnel-shaped; tapering from base, with pointed, blunt or capitate apices. SIPH
either thicker or with subapical polygonal reticulation
…..2
2
SIPH wholly dark, without polygonal reticulation, less than 1.7 × the
dark cauda. Dorsum with variable but often extensive dark sclerotisation,
marked with a pale reticulate pattern. Large marginal tubercles (MTu) present
on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-7
…..Aphis melosae
–
SIPH with pale bases,
dark distally and with an extensive distal zone of polygonal reticulation;
more than 1.8 × the long pale/dusky cauda. Dorsum without dark markings. MTu
absent
…..3
3
R IV+V 0.14-0.16 mm long, with 6-9 accessory hairs. Cauda with 7-10
hairs, of which one or more subapical hairs are usually blunt or with
slightly expanded apices
…..Uroleucon erigeronense
–
R IV+V 0.24-0.25 mm long, with 34-38 accessory hairs. Cauda with 12-26
hairs, all
pointed
SIPH and cauda both dark, the latter bearing 9-25 hairs. R
IV+V 1.35-1.70× HT II. Marginal
tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1 and 7, and frequently ABD TERG 2-4
…..2
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..3
2
Hairs on ANT IIInumerous (25 or more), the longest
of them 1.7-2.2 × BD III. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Aphis hederiphaga
–
Hairs on ANT III sparse
(15 or less), the longest of them 0.6-1.7 × BD III. Apt. often alatiform with
0-19 small rhinaria on ANT III
…..Aphis hederae
3
Headuniformlywarty or
bluntly spiculosewith ANT
tubercleswell-developed andgibbous on inner apices. SIPHtapering/cylindrical, 0.15-0.18 × BL and 1.7-2.0 × cauda. ANT
PT/BASE c. 2.6-3.0
(including
also Pseudoregma sundanica, so that
the key can be applied to aphids found on several other genera of
Zingiberaceae; Alpinia, Amomum, Costus, Elettaria, Etlingera, Zingiber)
1
Head fused with pronotum,
and bearing a pair of forwardly directed horns between the antennal bases.
Eyes of 3 facets. SIPH poriform, or on low cones
…..2
–
Head not fused to
pronotum, and without horns. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular
…..4
2
Tips of horns pointed. Dorsal cuticle pale.
SIPH with pore raised on a shallow cone bearing 2-11 hairs. Wax gland plates if
present only marginal, and arranged in rows
…..Astegopteryx styracophila
–
Tips of horns rounded. Tergites mainly brown, sclerotic, the cuticle
being ornamented with numerous pustules. SIPH as simple pores. Wax gland
plate if present then in groups, and often spinal as well as marginal
…..3
3
Dorsal hairs on head are 69-78 μm long, and
those on ABD TERG 8 are 80-92 μm long. Wax glands always well-developed;
e.g. marginal wax glands on ABD TERG 2 in groups of 7-12, and spinal wax
glands on prothorax in groups of 7-17
…..Pseudoregma nicolaiae
–
Dorsal hairs on head are 28-45 μm long, and
those on ABD TERG 8 are 37-59 μm long. Wax glands less well developed,
sometimes absent; e.g. marginal wax glands on ABD TERG 2 in groups of 0-6,
and spinal wax glands on pronotum in groups of 0-5
…..Pseudoregma
sundanica
4
SIPH pale on basal half and dark on distal half,
and usually slightly swollen subapically. SIPH and femora covered with
irregular, transverse rows of spicules. (Al. with dark-bordered wing veins)
…..5
–
SIPH either mainly pale or mainly dark;
tapering, cylindrical, or clavate. SIPH and femora smooth or imbricated, not
markedly spiculose. (Al. with normal wing venation, veins not
dark-bordered)
Myzus
ornatus; Trama troglodytes; Uroleucon tardae
H. flexuosum
Myzus
persicae
H. hoopesii =
Hymenoxys hoopesii
H. nudiflorum =
Helenium flexuosum
H.
tenuifolium
Protaphis
middletonii (as maidiradicis)
Key to apterae on Helenium and Hymenoxys:-
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Body and
appendages densely hairy
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH present, tubular. Not
densely hairy
…..3
2
HT II elongate, more than 0.5 of length of
hind tibia. ANT 6-segmented
…..Trama
troglodytes
–
HT II of normal length. ANT 5-segmented
…..Smynthurodes
betae
3
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. ANT tubercles well developed
…..4
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation. ANT
tubercles poorly developed or undeveloped …..7
4
ANT, tibiae
and SIPH pale or only dark distally
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
–
ANT,
tibiae and SIPH wholly or mainly dark
…..5
5
ANT III with 3-8 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated
on distal 0.12-0.17 of length
…..Macrosiphum
valerianae
–
ANT III with 11-c.30 rhinaria. SIPH retticulated
on distal 0.27-0.37 of length
…..6
6
SIPH 0.42-0.60 mm long. ANT III with 11-20 rhinaria (usually less
than 15). ANT PT/BASE 3.3-4.7
…..Uroleucon
tardae
–
SIPH 0.81-1.33 mm long. ANT III with c. 30
rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 5.3-6.9
…..Uroleucon
martini*
7
SIPH pale, 6.5-11.2 × their width at midlength, constricted
at base and cylindrical or slightly flared on distal half, and almost
flangeless (Fig.57d).
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.9
…..Aphis vernoniae
–
SIPH pale or dark,
not constricted at base, and of different form. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-4.5
ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7 all with
flattish, subconical MTu. Longest hairs on ANT III only 4-5 μm, and
posterior hair on hind trochanter less than 10 μm …..Aphis cliftonensis
–
ABD TERG 2-5 mostly without MTu. Longest hairs on
ANT III 7-13 μm, and posterior hair on hind trochanter 30-50 μm
…..3
3
R IV+V with blunt apex, 1.0-1.2 × HT II.
Cauda pale, SIPH usually pale with dark apices
…..Aphis
nasturtii
–
R IV+V tapering to a rather acute apex, 1.2-2.1 ×
HT II. Cauda dusky/dark, SIPH dark, dusky or pale with darker apices
…..4
4
SIPH variably pigmented, rarely entirely dark,
and 0.7-1.4 × cauda. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with faint and inconspicuous cross-bands
…..Aphis
helianthemi group
–
SIPH entirely dark, 1.1-3.6 × cauda. ABD
TERG 7 and 8 with clearly defined dark cross-bands
[Simpified keys to the aphids on H.
annuus and H. tuberosus can be found in Blackman & Eastop
(2000).]
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent or
present only as pores on flat pigmented cones
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 0.8. SIPH present, tubular
…..7
2
HT II greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × length
of hind tibia. Body and appendages with numerous fine hairs
…..3
–
HT II of normal length. Hairs on body and
appendages short and rather sparse
…..6
3
SIPH present as small flat pigmented cones
…..4
–
SIPH completely absent
…..5
4
BL 3.8-5.0 mm, and ANT III1.10-1.15 mm. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotic markings
except on ABD TERG 7 and 8, or on 8 only
…..Trama
penecaeca
–
BL 2.8-3.8 mm, and ANT III 0.50-0.75 mm. Dorsal abdomen
with variably developed dark sclerotic cross-bands
…..Protrama longitarsus (incl. ssp.
sclerodensis)
5
HT II 0.84-0.92 × length of hind tibia. Eyes with
many facets
…..Trama
rara
–
HT II 0.60-0.73 × length of hind tibia. Eyes with
only 3 facets
…..Trama
troglodytes
6
R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long, a little shorter than
last ANT segment (incl. PT), and
without any accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and first tarsal
segments short and thick
…..Pemphigus sp(p).
–
R IV+V 0.13-0.175
mm long, as long as or longer than last ANT segment and bearing 4-8 accessory
hairs. Hairs at apices of hind tibiae and first tarsal segments long and fine
…..Prociphilus erigeronensis
7
ANT tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped.
SIPH without polygonal reticulation. Head not spiculose
…..8
–
ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH with or
without polygonal reticulation (if without then cuticle of head is spiculose)
…..11
8
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal
width, with 5-8 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..9
–
Cauda triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped,
longer than its basal width or, if about equal in length to basal width, then
with more than 10 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu …..10
9
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark,
imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale,
smooth-surfaced, 0.8-1.5 × cauda. ANT III 0.07-0.25
mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
10
SIPH very short, only 0.5-0.75 × cauda. ANT
PT/BASE 1.0-1.4. Longest hairs on ANT III more than 1.5 × BD III
…..Protaphis
debilicornis
–
SIPH at least 0.8 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE more than
1.4. Longest hairs on ANT III often less than 1.5 × BD III
SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation (at
least 3-4 rows of closed cells). Inner faces of ANT tubercles, divergent, not spiculose or
scabrous
…..13
–
SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation
(unless they are very markedly swollen in middle). Inner faces of antennal
tubercles parallel or apically convergent, and spiculose or scabrous
SIPH slightly swollen on distal half, with
subapical reticulated region extending less than 0.1 of length. Longest hairs
on ANT III less than 0.3 × BD III
…..Illinoia
masoni
–
SIPH cylindrical or tapering, with reticulated
region extending more than 0.1 of length. Longest hairs on ANT III more than
0.5 × BD III
…..14
14
SIPH reticulated over about distal 0.2 of
length (or less). Cauda pale with 8-18 hairs
…..15
–
SIPH usually reticulated over more than 0.2 of
length but, if less, then cauda is dark and has 20 or more hairs
…..17
15
SIPH pale, sometimes darker towards apices. ANT
III with 1-10 rhinaria restricted to basal part
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
–
SIPH dark. ANT III with more than 20
rhinaria extending over more than half of segment
…..16
16
R IV+V short, similar in length to HT II. ANT III
with 20-30 small rhinaria scattered over entire length. First tarsal segments
with 3 hairs
…..Macrosiphum
helianthi*
–
R
IV+V elongate, 1.8-2.3 × HT II. ANT III with 32-67 rather large rhinaria
concentrated on basal 0.7. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs
…..Uroleucon
budhium
17
Coxae dark
…..Uroleucon
compositae (or gobonis)
–
Coxae pale
…..18
18
Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites
present. Cauda dark
…..19
–
Antesiphuncular sclerites absent or fragmented.
Cauda pale, dusky or dark
…..20
19
SIPH with reticulation extending over distal
0.2-0.25 of length. Cauda with more than 20 hairs. ANT III with 19-35
rhinaria, dark except at base
…..Uroleucon
helianthicola
–
SIPH with reticulation extending over more than
0.3 of length. Cauda with 7-13 hairs. ANT III with 8-18 rhinaria, dark only
on rhinariated part
…..Uroleucon
illini
20
Cauda pale. ANT III with 10-46 rhinaria
…..21
–
Cauda dusky or dark, or darker towards apex. ANT
III with 5-18 rhinaria
…..23
21
SIPH 2.4-3.0 × cauda, which bears only 5-10 hairs
…..Uroleucon
pseudotanaceti
–
SIPH 1.1-1.8 × cauda, which bears 13-32 hairs
…..22
22
HT II rather
long and thin, about 6 × its maximum thickness, and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
HT II shorter,
less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.7-0.95 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae or U. maximilianicola
23
Cauda
dusky, with 13-19 hairs. SIPH reticulated over distal 0.27-0.32 of
length
…..Uroleucon sp. (California, BMNH collection)
–
Cauda
dusky or dark, with 22-32 hairs. SIPH reticulated over distal 0.29-0.40 of
length
…..24
24
Cauda dark, almost as dark as SIPH. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 ×
ANT BASE VI. Small, pale marginal tubercles (MTu) sporadically present on ABD
TERG 2-4
…..Uroleucon parvotuberculatus
–
Cauda dusky, much
paler than SIPH. R IV+V 0.75-0.95 × ANT BASE VI. MTu absent
ANT 5-segmented, with ANT
V BASE very long, more than 15 × longer than the short peg-like PT (Fig.31a). R IV+V
extremely long, similar in length to hind femur (Fig.31b)
…..Rectinasus buxtoni
–
ANT 5- or 6-segmented, base of last segment and R
IV+V relatively much shorter
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.2. SIPH very short, less than
0.07 × BL, clearly shorter than the short triangular or tongue-shaped cauda
…..3
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH at least
0.07 × BL and as long as or longer than cauda
…..7
3
R IV+V shorter than (c.0.8-0.9 ×) HT II. SIPH
pale
…..Brachyunguis
tigrahaudus*
–
R IV+V 1.2-1.8 × HT II. SIPH dark
…..4
4
SIPH tubular, longer than their basal width (Fig.31c) …..Protaphis pseudocardui
–
SIPH conical, very broad-based, much shorter than
their basal width (e.g. Fig.31d)
…..5
5
R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Xerobion
desertorum*
–
R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II
…..6
6
Marginal tubercles (MTu)only on ABD TERG 1 and 7. ANT of aptera with secondary rhinaria
(distributed III 0-8, IV 1-5 and V 0-1). R IV+V 1.7-1.8 × HT II …..Xerobion alba
–
MTu present on ABD TERG 1-4 and 7. ANT of aptera
without secondary rhinaria. R IV+V 1.5-1.65 × HT II
…..Xerobion
barsukense*
7
SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation
(at least 3-4 rows of closed cells)
…..8
–
SIPH without distal polygonal reticulation
…..23
8
SIPH reticulated over distal 0.21-0.65 of length
…..9
–
SIPH reticulated over distal 0.1-0.2 of length
…..21
9
First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. SIPH
reticulated over distal 0.33-0.65 of length
…..10
–
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. SIPH
reticulated over distal 0.21-0.30 of length
…..18
10
ANT III with 45-76 rhinaria. Cauda with c.15-20
hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella
nikolajevi*
–
ANT III with 3-46 rhinaria. Cauda with 4-14 hairs
…..11
11
Cauda triangular, tapering from its base to its
nearly acute apex, and bearing 4-8 hairs (e.g. Fig.31e)
…..12
–
Cauda finger-like, blunt at apex, with 9-23 hairs
(e.g. Fig.31f, m)
…..15
12
Dorsal body hairs very short, only about
0.1-0.25 × BD III (Fig.31i)
…..Macrosiphoniella hillerislambersi
–
Dorsal body hairs more than 0.7 × BD III
…..13
13
All dorsal body hairs long and fine-pointed
(Fig.31j). R
IV+V 1.9-2.1 × HT II
…..Macrosiphoniella medvedevi
–
Some or all dorsal body hairs with fan-shaped or
furcate apices (Fig.31k). R IV+V 1.39-1.85 × HT II
…..14
14
R IV+V 1.39-1.63 × HT II.ANT III with 23-26 rhinaria
…..Macrosiphoniella
paradoxa
–
R IV+V (Fig.31g) 1.66-1.85
× HT II. ANT III with 9-22 rhinaria
…..Macrosiphoniella
janckei
15
R IV+V 1.05-1.36 × HT II. SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.45-0.53, and 1.23-1.89 × cauda. If there are scleroites at bases of
dorsal abdominal hairs and antesiphuncular sclerites then they are weakly
pigmented. Cauda only weakly constricted, tapering on distal half (Fig.31m)
…..16
–
R IV+V 1.20-1.75 × HT II. SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.50-0.65, and 0.94-1.46 × cauda. Large dark scleroites present at
bases of all dorsal abdominal hairs, often fused into broad bars on anterior
tergites. Cauda with a very marked constriction and somewhat swollen distal
half (Fig.31f)
…..17
16
Abdomen with distinct but weakly pigmented
scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs, and crescent-shaped antesiphuncular
sclerites. Coxae and trochanters dark, and distal two-thirds of femora
entirely dark. Cauda almost as dark as SIPH
…..Macrosiphoniella
aetnensis
–
Dorsal abdomen entirely pale. Coxae and
trochanters weakly pigmented. Femora with distal halves mainly dark, but each
with a pale subapical spot. Cauda much paler than SIPH
…..Macrosiphoniella remaudierei*
17
SIPH 1.04-1.46 × cauda. R IV+V (Fig.31h) 1.20-1.56
× HT II. ANT IV 0.97-1.29 × ANT V ((Al. with 32-68 rhinaria on ANT III and
ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.0)
…..Macrosiphoniella
helichrysi
–
SIPH 0.94-1.15 × cauda. R IV+V 1.43-1.75 ×
HT II. ANT IV 1.22-1.45 × ANT V ((Al. with 60-82 rhinaria on ANT III and ANT
PT/BASE 3.8-4.7)
…..Macrosiphoniella madeirensis*
18
R IV+V 1.8-2.3 × HT II. Coxae pale
…..Uroleucon
russellae
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II. Coxae dark
…..19
19
SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda, which is pale.
Antesiphuncular sclerites present
…..Uroleucon
cichorii
–
SIPH 1.5-2.1 × cauda, which is dark.
Antesiphuncular sclerites absent
…..20
20
SIPH 1.8-2.1× cauda, which has 11-20 hairs
…..Uroleucon
compositae (or gobonis)
–
SIPH 1.5-1.7× cauda, which has 20-28 hairs
…..Uroleucon
helichrysi
21
SIPH pale, or only dusky towards apices,
1.7-2.2 × cauda. R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
–
SIPH dark, 1.5-1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT
II
…..22
22
Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation, continuous
over ABD TERG 1-6. R IV+V with 5-7 accessory hairs. ANT III with 1-7 small
rhinaria
…..Sitobion
autriquei
–
Dorsum without dark sclerotisation. R IV+V with
11-12 accessory hairs. ANT III with 5-29 rhinaria
…..Sitobion
hirsutirostris
23
R IV+V with a pair of very long accessory
hairs near base, at least 4-5 × longer than primary hairs (Fig.31l). Dorsal
hairs very numerous, with fan-shaped apices (Fig.31n)
…..Pleotrichophorus helichrysi
–
R IV+V with accessory hairs of normal
length. Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices
…..24
24
Cauda helmet-shaped, slightly constricted near base, shorter than or
not clearly longer than its basal width, and bearing 4-6 hairs
…..25
–
Cauda bluntly conical, tongue- or finger-shaped,
either distinctly longer than its basal width or bearing more than 10 hairs
…..28
25
Spiracular apertures large and rounded. RIV+V1.1-2.0 × HT II
…..26
–
Spiracular apertures small and reniform. R IV+V more
than 2 × HT II
…..27
26
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark,
imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale,
smooth-surfaced, 0.8-1.5 × cauda. ANT III 0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
27
Longest hairs on ANT III 12-15 μm, shorter than ANT BD III, and
longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 15-36 μm, less than 2 × ANT BD III
…..Oedisiphum compositarum
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
18-21 μm, as long as or longer than ANT BD III, and longest hairs on ABD
TERG 3 50-60 μm, more than 2 × ANT BD III
…..Oedisphum
soureni
28
ANT III (apt.) with13-22 secondary rhinaria, IV with 13-22 and V with 3-11. Dorsum with
a solid black shield. SIPH long, black and clavate, contrasting with pale
cauda
…..Micromyzella eliei
–
ANT III with 0-4 secondary rhinaria, IV and V
with none. Other characters also do not apply
…..29
29
R IV+V 2.3-3.0 × HT II, and bearing 17-26 accessory
hairs. Head smooth, except for a well-developed rather scabrous median
frontal tubercle, and divergent ANT tubercles, each bearing a rounded,
scabrous process
…..Ovatus
inulae
–
R IV+V less than 1.6 × HT II, and bearing less
than 15 accessory hairs. Head either smooth with ANT tubercles undeveloped or
weakly developed, or spiculose with ANT tubercles well developed
One aphid species, Pentalonia caladii, has been recorded from
the following Heliconia spp.; aurantiaca, bahai, caribaea, latispatha, metallica, stricta. (It
is possible that some of these records should be applied to P. nigronervosa; see Footit et al. 2010 and couplet 6 of key to
apterae on Hedychium.)
SIPH black with distal polygonal reticulation extending 0.33-0.40 of
length. Cauda dusky with 22-32 hairs. ANT and tibiae wholly dark, ANT III
bearing 5-14 rhinaria
Dorsum with an extensive
solid black shield. Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width. R IV+V
1.5-2.0 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsum pale, or with a U-shaped patch, or if with an extensive solid
black shield then cauda is tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width,
and R IV+V is 0.9-1.2 × HT II
(See Blackman & Eastop, 2000, Fig. 40, for illustrations of
siphunculi of Hemerocallis-feeding
aphids.)
1
SIPH markedly swollen on
distal 0.7, with maximum diameter of swollen part 1.5-2.0 × minimum diameter
of basal narrow part. Dorsal abdomen with dark spinal paired patches or
interrupted cross bands on all tergites
…..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae
–
SIPH not or only
moderately swollen distally. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings …..2
2
Head, ANT, legs and SIPH all dark. SIPH thick, swollen or cylindrical
over most of length, narrowing distally, with subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..Indomegoura indica
–
Head, ANT, legs and SIPH
mainly pale. SIPH thin, without polygonal reticulation
…..3
3
SIPH tapering or cylindrical
on distal half, more than 2.5 × cauda, with coarse imbrication. (Al. without
a black dorsal abdominal patch)
…..Myzus hemerocallis
–
SIPH slightly to moderately swollen on distal half, less than 2.5 ×
cauda, with normal imbrication. (Al. with a black dorsal abdominal patch)
Forewing membrane extensively mottled
with dark pigment (fig. 51A, as Tinocallis coreanus). Head and
prothorax pigmented dorsally with a pale spinal stripe and large pale areas
around the hair bases. Dorsal abdomen without finger-like tubercles but with
dark markings. ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. ANT III with about 6-8
widely-spaced oval secondary rhinaria
…..Pseudochromaphis
coreana
–
Forewing membrane with fuscous
bordering distal branches of media and patches at ends of Cu1a and
Cu1b (fig. 51B). Head and prothorax rather uniformly dark. Dorsal
abdomen pale, with finger-like spinal tubercles on ABD TERG 1 and 2. ANT
PT/BASE about 1 or more. ANT III with 14-18 secondary rhinaria
ABD TERG 8 with a posteriorly projecting process above cauda; in some
species this is reduced to a small, warty, knob in the centre of ABD TERG 8,
with 2 associated hairs (Figs.10f-i)
…..Cavariella spp.; use couplets 2-14 of
key to apterae on Angelica
–
No supracaudal process, nor are there 2
hairs on ABD TERG 8 close together and
associated with a warty knob
…..2
2
SIPH very small, much shorter and thinner than
cauda
…..3
–
SIPH as thick and/or as long as, or longer than,
cauda
…..4
3
Cauda triangular in dorsal view. SIPH about twice
(1.8-2.2) times as long as their diameter at midlength (Fig.10j)
…..Semiaphis
sphondylii
–
Cauda tongue shaped, with rounded apex. SIPH 1.0-1.8 × their diameter at midlength (Fig.10k)
…..Semiaphis
heraclei
4
Cauda
helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Head and ABD
TERG 8 or 7-8 usually with spinal tubercles (STu)
…..5
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its
basal width. Head without, and ABD TERG 7-8 usually without, STu
….9
5
SIPH
with close-set rows of fine spinules.
Cauda with 11-12 hairs
…..Anuraphis
subterranea
–
SIPH
with normal imbrication. Cauda with 4-8 hairs
…..6
6
Hairs on ABD TERG2-3 acute, fine-pointed, maximally 27-65 μm long
…..Dysaphis lauberti
–
Hairs
on ABD TERG 2-3 blunt, maximally 5-20 μm long
…..7
7
Hairs on ANT III fine-pointed, maximally
29-56 μm long, 1.2-2.0 × BD III
…..Dysaphis
newskyi
–
Hairs on ANT III blunt, maximally 3-18 μm
long, 0.3-0.8 × BD III
…..8
8
Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 2-3 maximally
only 3-10 μm long, 0.3-0.5 × BD III. Well-developed marginal tubercles
(MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-7. All apt. with secondary rhinaria on ANT III,
and sometimes on ANT IV
…..Dysaphis newskyi ssp. aizenbergi
–
Hairs on ANT III and ABD TERG 2-3 maximally
7-19 μm long, 0.5-0.9 × BD III. MTu present on ABD TERG 1-5, usually
absent from ABD TERG 7. Apt. usually without secondary rhinaria
…..Dysaphis crataegi group
9
ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed,
not or hardly projecting beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. SIPH
and cauda dark
…..10
–
ANT tubercles well-developed. SIPH at least
basally pale, cauda pale
…..17
10
SIPH
swollen on distal 0.7, and 0.85-1.4 × cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without (but 5
usually with) marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..11
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical, 0.8-2.2 ×
cauda. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu
…..12
11
Prosternal sclerite 1.36-2.6 × wider than long,
often convex posteriorly. SIPH 1.05-1.4 × cauda. (Al. often with sec.
rhinaria on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
Prosternal sclerite 2.2-3.6 × wider than long,
with posterior margin often straight. SIPH 0.85-1.2 × cauda. (Al. rarely with
sec. rhinaria on ANT V)
…..Hyadaphis
passerinii
12
ANT III 0.9-1.23 × cauda.ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs, and usually
no dark cross-band. Cauda usually with a distinct midlength constriction, and
bearing 7-15 (mostly 8-12) hairs
…..Aphis spiraecola
–
ANT III 1.25-2.8 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with
(2-)3-11 hairs, usually on or just posterior to a dark cross-band. Cauda
usually without a constriction, and bearing 10-31 hairs
…..13
13
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. MTu on ABD TERG 1
and 7 only. Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2(-3) hairs. (ANT III of
al. with 35-67 rather tuberculate rhinaria)
…..Aphis decepta
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.4 × HT II, but if more than 1.1 × HT II then there are at least some MTu on ABD TERG 2-4. Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2-14 hairs. (ANT III of al. with 7-40 rhinaria)
…..14
14
HT I with 3 hairs (sense
peg present). ANT III 1.05-1.95 × PT, (1.6-)2.0-4.0 (-5.0) × R IV+V, and
1.5-2.5 (-2.8) × cauda. SIPH 1.5-2.9 × cauda. (Al. with 14-40 rhinaria on ANT
III)
…..Aphis asclepiadis
–
HT I with 2 hairs (no sense peg). ANT III
0.65-1.3 × PT, 1.2-2.6 (-3.0) × R IV+V and 1.2-1.6 (-1.9) × cauda. SIPH
0.7-1.6 × cauda. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs. (Al. with 6-23 rhinaria on
ANT III)
…..15
15
ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 0-3 small MTu
…..Aphis
fabae
–
ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 5-9 often rather
large MTu
…..16
16
Longest hairs on ANT III 1.7-2.1 × BD III. Cauda
with 20-31 hairs
…..Aphis
brohmeri
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III. Cauda
with 12-15 hairs …..Aphis grosmannae
17
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. Cuticle of head smooth
…..18
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation. Cuticle of
head smooth or spiculose
…..20
18
Front of head dusky to dark. SIPH dark, or pale
only at bases. ABD TERG (1-) 2-4 (-6) with evident marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Macrosiphum
pallidum
–
Front of head pale, SIPH pale or dark only
towards apices. ABD TERG 1-6 usually without MTu, occasionally with very
small MTu on some of ABD TERG 2-4
…..19
19
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III.
Anterior half of subgenital plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with
3, 5% with 4-6 hairs). SIPH pale or dusky at apices
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 66-106 μm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III.
Anterior half of subgenital plate with 2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8
hairs. SIPH dark at apices
…..Macrosiphum gei
20
BL 3.7-5.6 mm. Head with inner faces of ANT
tubercles smooth and divergent. ANT III with 16-35 secondary rhinaria. Cauda
with 20-28 hairs
….Avicennina almatina
–
BL 1.0-2.3 mm. Head with
inner faces of antennal tubercles gibbous and spiculose. ANT III without
secondary rhinaria. Cauda with 4-8 hairs
…..21
21
SIPH coarsely imbricated, tapering, with a
slight S-curve. Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark spots.
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Siph moderately or weakly
imbricated, and slightly to moderately swollen on distal half. Dorsal abdomen
without any dark markings. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-6.1
…..22
22
ANT III with 4-15 rhinaria on basal half. ANT
PT/BASE 5.0-6.1
…..Paramyzus
heraclei
–
ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE
2.8-4.5
…..23
23
SIPH less than 0.75 × ANT III, almost smooth-surfaced,
with minimum width on basal half less than midlength diameter of hind tibia.
Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel-sided
…..Myzus
ascalonicus
–
SIPH more than 0.75 × ANT III, moderately imbricated,
with minimum width of basal half greater than midlength width of hind tibia.
Inner faces of ANT tubercles apically convergent
SIPH weakly to markedly
clavate (i.e. swollen on distal half, narrower on basal half)
…..2
–
SIPH not clavate (i.e.
not thinner on basal half than on distal half)
…..4
2
Dorsum with dark markings. ANT III with 0-7 small rhinaria near base
…..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae
–
Dorsum without dark
markings. ANT III without rhinaria
…..3
3
SIPH 0.82-1.34 × ANT III.SIPH with a narrow basal stem, its
narrowest part thinner than, or as thin as, hind tibia at midlength. R IV+V
(1.3-)1.4-1.6 × HT II, with 7-15 accessory hairs
….. Myzus ascalonicus
–
SIPH 0.54-0.81 × ANT
III. Narrowest part of SIPH not narrower
than hind tibia at midlength. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 (-1.2) × HT II, with 2-7 hairs
…..Myzus persicae
4
ANT
III 2.2-3.7 × SIPH. SIPH short and thick, 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is broad and
triangular. Dorsal abdomen with paired dark sclerites anterior to SIPH
…..Brevicoryne brassicae
–
ANT III 0.9-1.8 × SIPH.
SIPH 1.3-2.5 × cauda, which is tongue-shaped. Dorsal abdomen without dark
sclerites anterior to SIPH
…..5
5
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with
marginal tubercles. SIPH tapering from base to flange, without any trace of
swelling distally, and darker than cauda
…..Aphis gossypii
–
ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles. SIPH cylindrical or slightly swollen
on distal half, with similar pigmentation to cauda
Dorsal body densely clothed in fan-shaped hairs.
SIPH pale, about as long as cauda, without any polygonal reticulation
…..Pleotrichophorus villosae
–
Dorsal
body hairs not fan-shaped. SIPH pale or dark, longer than cauda, with or
without a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..2
2
ANT tubercles
undeveloped. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. SIPH pale, truncate,
without polygonal reticulation. Cauda, helmet-shaped, not longer than its
basal width, with 4-6 hairs
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
ANT tubercles well
developed. Spiracular apertures reniform. SIPH dark at least apically, with a
distal zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda finger-shaped with 6-27 hairs
…..2
3
SIPH wholly dark
…..4
–
SIPH pale at least at base
…..5
4
Tibiae entirely dark. ANT
III with 4-16 rhinaria
.….Uroleucon paucosensoriatum
–
Tibiae
with paler section on basal half. ANT III with 8-35 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
5
ABD TERG 2-5 with conical
marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Uroleucon heterothecae*
–
ABD TERG 2-5 without MTu
…..6
6
SIPH dark on at least distal half, pale basally, less than 0.4 × BL.
Distal parts of femora and most of tibiae dark. Cauda with some apical hairs
short, and often blunt or capitate
….. Uroleucon erigeronense
–
SIPH dark only at apices, and more than 0.4 × BL. Femora and tibiae
pale except at apices. Cauda with all hairs of similar length
(Note: apterae of Nasonovia tiarellae are unknown.)
1
Thoracic spiracular apertures much larger
than abdominal ones. ANT III with 1-44 secondary rhinaria, and secondary
rhinaria also often on ANT IV, or IV and V. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually
longer than ANT BD III, and with expanded apices. R IV+V 1.4-2.2 × HT II.
Cauda pale, finger- or tongue-shaped, with 4-7 (usually 5) hairs
…..2
–
Thoracic spiracular
apertures similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT III with 0-10 secondary
rhinaria, none on IV or V. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually shorter than ANT BD
III. R IV+V usually less than 1.4 × HT II. Cauda if pale and tongue- or
finger-shaped then usually with more than 5 hairs
Dorsal abdomen pale or with indistinct
sclerotisation
…..3
–
Dorsal abdomen with dark
marginal sclerites and/or dark spino-pleural sclerites, or cross-bars, or a
patch or shield
…..4
3
SIPH 1.2-2.3 × cauda, and 0.14-0.20 × BL.
ANT PT/BASE 4.5-9.7. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 1-44, IV 0-15, V
0-4
…..Nasonovia cynosbati
–
SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, and 0.11-0.14 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 4.1-5.6.
Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 24-54, IV 0-26, V 0-13
…..Nasonovia borealis
4
Longest
hair on ANT III 0.4-0.8 × BDIII. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 7-21,
IV 0-9, V 0-1
…..Nasonovia smithi
–
Longest hair on ANT III
0.8-1.3 × BD III. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 26-37, IV 10-15, V
0-7
…..5
5
Dorsal abdomen usually with dark marginal sclerites and spino-pleural sclerites or cross-bars, seldom with a larger more solid pigmented area. R IV+V with 7-11 accessory hairs (usually 8-10). ANT PT/BASE 4.8-6.9
…..Nasonovia heucherae
–
Dorsal abdomen with a
solid black shield. R IV+V with 10-13 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE about
6.5-7.8
ANT 5-segmented. R IV+V very long, narrow and
pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4
mostly longer than ANT BD III. MTu absent from ABD TERG 2-5
…..Aphis
althaeae
–
ANT 5- or 6-segmented. R IV+V less than 3 × its
basal width and 0.95-1.6 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 shorter than ANT BD III.
MTu often present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1 and 7
…..5
5
MTu only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5,
and diameter of tubercle on ABD TERG 7 is less than that of base of ANT III.
SIPH 0.8-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 0.85-1.1 × HT II
…..Aphis
nasturtii
–
Large
MTu usually present (except in summer dwarfs) on ABD TERG 2-5 in addition to
those on 1 and 7, those on 7 being greater in diameter than base of ANT III.
SIPH 1.4-2.5 × cauda. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 1.0-1.35 × HT II
…..Aphis umbrella
6
Head, ANT I, II and basal
part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of antenna. SIPH 0.24-0.40
× BL, about twice as long as the much paler cauda.
..….Aphis coreopsidis
–
Head and antennal segments differently pigmented. SIPH usually less
than 0.24 × BL. Cauda pale or dark.
Hind tarsus much
elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia. SIPH absent
…..Trama troglodytes
–
Hind tarsus of normal
length. SIPH present, tubular
…..2
2
SIPH with distal
reticulated zone (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells extending for
0.13 or more of length)
…..3
–
SIPH without a distinct zone
of polygonal reticulation (sometimes with transverse striae and 1-2
indistinct rows of transversely
elongate cells)
…..13
3
SIPH pale, or only dusky
towards apices, with reticulation on distal 0.13-0.20 of length. Femora
wholly pale, or only dusky at apices
…..4
–
SIPH wholly dark or only
pale at base or in middle, with reticulation on distal 0.16-0.44 of length
…..5
4
Small marginal tubercles
(MTu) only sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-5 and spinal tubercles (Stu)
only occasionally present on ABD TERG 7-8. R IV+V with 6-10 accessory hairs
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
MTu almost always present
on ABD TERG 2-5, and STu also consistently present on ABD TERG 7 and 8. R
IV+V with 7-13 accessory hairs
Antesiphuncular sclerites
absent, broken or vestigeal
…..10
7
Tibiae entirely black
…..8
–
Tibiae with paler basal
or middle section
…..9
8
Hind tibiae 0.85-1.05 ×
BL. Cauda with 9-18 hairs
…..Uroleucon pseudobscurum
–
Hind tibiae 0.70-0.85 ×
BL. Cauda with 18-28 hairs
…..Uroleucon cichorii
9
SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.33-0.40 of length. First tarsal segments usually with 3 hairs (rarely
4 or 5). ANT III with 15-28 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon pilosellae
–
SIPH reticulated on 0.19-0.30 of length. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. ANT III with 13-55 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon obscurum
10
Coxae dark, much darker than trochanters
and bases of femora. Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising from dark scleroites
…..11
–
Coxae pale or dusky,
similar to trochanters and bases of femora. Some or all of dorsal abdominal hairs arising from dark
scleroites
…..12
11
SIPH pale at base. First tarsal segments with 3 (or rarely 4) hairs.
Cauda bearing 26-32 hairs, 2.4-3.0 × R IV+V which bears 10-12 accessory
hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.2
…..Uroleucon bielawskii
–
SIPH dark at base,
sometimes paler in middle. First tarsal sgements with (4-) 5 hairs. Cauda bearing
16-24 hairs, 2.9-4.3 × R IV+V which bears 7-8 accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE
3.9-5.2
…..Uroleucon sonchi
12
R IV+V 1.3-1.4 × HT II
…..Uroleucon hieracicola
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
13
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
(MTu)
…..14
–
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without
MTu
…..22
14
Cauda obtusely triangular, about as long as
its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH very short, about equal in length to
cauda. ANT PT/BASE about 1
…..Protaphis scorzonerae*
–
Cauda tongue-shaped,
longer than its basal width. SIPH usually longer than cauda. ANT PT/BASE more
than 1.25
…..15
15
Cauda with 11-25 hairs. Dorsal abdomen
usually with scattered dark markings anterior to SIPH, and broad dark
cross-bars on ABD TERG 7and 8
…..Aphis fabae
–
Cauda with 4-10 hairs. No
dark dorsal markings anterior to SIPH
…..16
16
ANT PT 0.8-1.3 × R IV+V. R IV+V 1.5-2.0 ×
HT II
…..17
–
ANT PT 1.4-2.1 × R IV+V.
R IV+V 0.95-1.5 (occasionally more than 1.5 in summer dwarfish specimens)
…..18
17
ANT 4- or 5-segmented. Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.2-0.4 ×
diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Ventral abdominal hairs about equal to
ANT BD III, or shorter
…..Aphis pilosellae
–
ANT usually 6-segmented. Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.8-1.4 ×
diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Ventral abdominal hairs distinctly
longer than ANT BD III
…..Aphis mohelnensis
18
Cauda paler than SIPH
…..19
–
Cauda as dark as SIPH
…..20
19
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.2
…..Aphis gossypii
–
R IV+V 0.85-1.05 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.0
…..Aphis frangulae group on H. virosum, Uzbekistan (see Holman
1998)
20
Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.3-0.8 ×
diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Hairs on ANT III maximally 0.4 × BD
III
…..Aphis curtiseta
–
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter 0.9-1.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.5-1.2 × BD III
…..21
21
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 25 μm
long, about 1.3 × ANT BD III. Longest dorsal and ventral hairs on hind femur
are respectively 0.3-0.8 and 0.5-1.0 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis hieracii
–
Longest hairs on ABD TERG
3 are 50-70 μm long, 2.5-3.5 × ANT BD III. Longest dorsal and ventral
hairs on hind femur are of about equal length, 1.2-1.4 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis heiei
22
Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than
its basal width in dorsal view
…..23
–
Cauda tongue- or
finger-shaped, or triangular, longer than its basal width
…..24
23
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH
dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale,
smooth-surfaced, 0.8-1.5 (-2.0) × cauda
Dorsal hairs narrowest at base, widening gradually to a broadly fan-shaped
apex
…..Pleotrichophorus deviatus
–
Dorsal hairs not narrowest at base; blunt, pointed or with expanded,
not fan-shaped apices
…..26
26
SIPH slightly to markedly clavate
…..27
–
SIPH not clavate
…..30
27
SIPH very strongly inflated, with maximum
width 2.2-3.1 × minimum width on basal half. (ANT with 23-40 rhinaria on III,
1-7 on IV and 0-1 on V)
…..Hyperomyzus inflatus
–
SIPH less strongly
inflated, with maximum width 1.1-2.0 × minimum width on basal half. (ANT with
9-44 rhinaria on III, 0-6 on IV, 0 on V)
…..28
28
Dorsal abdomen with a large dark central
patch. SIPH with swollen part up to 1.5-2.0 × width of narrowest part on
basal half
…..Hyperomyzus hieracii
–
Dorsal abdomen without a large
dark central patch. SIPH with swollen part 1.1-1.6 × width of narrowest part
on basal half
…..29
29
SIPH 1.5-2.4 × cauda, with maximum width of distal part less than 1.3
× minimum width on basal half. Tibiae and distal halves of femora dusky to
dark
…..Hyperomyzus nigricornis
–
SIPH 1.4-1.6 × cauda,
with swollen part 1.3-1.6 × minimum width on basal half. Tibiae and femora
pale except for tibial apices
…..Hyperomyzus picridis
30
Hairs on ANT III very short, 0.2-0.3 × BD
III. ANT III with only 0-3 small rhinaria near base. Thoracic spiracular
apertures similar in size to abdominal ones
…..31
–
Hairs on ANT III 0.8-1.7
× BD III. ANT III with 2-36 rhinaria. Thoracic spiracular apertures much
larger than (more than 2 × diameter of) abdominal ones
…..34
31
ANT PT/BASE 4.4-7.5
…..32
–
ANT PT/BASE 3.0-4.2
…..33
32
R IV+V 0.87-1.13 × HT II. Dorsal cuticle rugose, variolate
…..Acyrthosiphon rubi
–
R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II.
Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled
…..Acyrthosiphon malvae
33
SIPH 1.7-2.5 × cauda and 1.0-1.3 × ANT III. R IV+V 0.75-0.9 × HT II
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda and 0.7-0.8 × ANT III. R IV+V 1.0-1.15 × HT II
…..Acyrthosiphon porrifolii
34
R IV+V about 2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE
3.1-3.8. Hind tarsus I with 3 hairs. Cauda (probably) with 5 hairs
…..Nasonovia brevipes*
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.7 × HT II.
ANT PT/BASE 3.4-11.4. Hind tarsus I with 2 or 3 hairs. Cauda with 6-9
(usually 7) hairs
…..35
35
Dorsum with extensive black sclerotisation,
including a continuous shield extending over ABD TERG 1-5
…..36
–
Dorsum with paired
spino-pleural dark markings and sometimes less distinct cross-bars, never
with a solid shield
…..38
36
ANT PT/BASE 3.4-5.0. ABD TERG 2-4 usually
with small marginal tubercles (MTu). R
IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II
…..Nasonovia compositellae ssp. compositellae
–
ANT PT/BASE 4.9-9.8. ABD TERG 2-4 usually without MTu. R IV+V 1.2-1.6
× HT II
…..37
37
ANT PT/BASE 4.9-8.3. Longest hairs on ANT
III 1.1-1.7 × BD III. R IV+V 0.16-0.19 mm, 1.2-1.5 × HT II, and bearing 8-10
accessory hairs
…..Nasonovia
compositellae ssp. nigra
–
ANT PT/BASE 8.3-9.8. Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.2 × BD III. R IV+V
0.21-0.24 mm, 1.3-1.6 × HT II, and bearing 11-14 accessory hairs
Most of the aphid species found on Hippophae are also
recorded from the closely related genus Elaeagnus, so the key
to Elaeagnuscan be used to discriminate the species listed
below. It is likely that all heteroecious Capitophorus species can
utilise either Elaeagnus or Hippophae as primary host,
depending on availability.
Head densely spiculose. SIPH
tapering and coarsely imbricated, 1.8-2.8 × ANT PT. Immatures with spinulose
hind tibiae
…..Myzus lythri
–
Head not spiculose. SIPH
almost smooth or moderateely imbricated, tapering, truncate or swollen on
distal half. 0.45-1.05 × ANT PT. Immatures with smooth hind tibiae
…..2
2
SIPH swollen on distal half, more than 2 × cauda which is much longer
than its basal width. Dorsal cuticle
with a reticulate pattern formed by roundish, bead-like spinules
(Both
species have SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation.)
–
ANT andSIPH black, and
legs brown-black on distal basal parts of femora and tibiae. Dorsal hairs all
arising from dark scleroites, and pre-
and post-siphuncular sclerites present
…..Uroleucon mierae
–
ANT,
SIPH and legs mainly pale. Dorsum without any dark markings
Couplet
for separation of apterae of these two species:-
–
Dorsal cuticle of head, thorax and most abdominal segments fused into
a sclerotic oval carapace, covered with numerous conical spine-like pustules.
ANT 4-segmented, c.0.2 × BL, not visible from above. SIPH as pores on dark
sclerites. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..Sinonipponaphis holboelliae
–
Dorsal cuticle membranous and divided normally, bearing long,
finely-pointed hairs up to 5.5 × ANT BD III. ANT 6-segmented, 0.65-0.9 × BL. SIPH
tubular, thick, tapering, with distal polygonal reticulation. Cauda short,
tongue-shaped, 1.0-1.5 × its basal width, and anal plate entire
Key to apterae on Holodiscus (based
mainly on Jensen 2021):-
1
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal
tubercles (MTu). ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT shorter than BL. Dorsal
abdomen with or without dark markings. SIPH dark, without subapical polygonal
reticulation.
…..2
–
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without
MTu. ANT tubercles well developed, with divergent inner faces. ANT longer
than BL. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. SIPH pale, dusky or light
brown apically, usually with subapical polygonal reticulation.
…..5
2
SIPH very short, about as
long as their basal widths and shorter than the pale/dusky cauda. Dorsal
abdomen without dark markings
…..Aphis schuhi
–
SIPH longer than their
basal widths and longer than the dark cauda. Dorsal abdomen with dark
markings
…..3
3
Dorsal abdomen with an
extensive solid dark shield. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.4-0.8 × BD III. Cauda
tapering to a blunt point, with 4-9 hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen with dark
spots or patches, no solid dark shield. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.8-2.2 × BD
III. Cauda rounded at apex, with 8-24 hairs
…..4
4
Cauda with 4-12 hairs, often constricted in the middle and/or pointed
apically
…..Aphis holodisci
–
Cauda with 11-25 hairs, broad and not typically constricted in middle
nor pointed apically
…..Aphis fabae
5
Cauda 0.6-1.1 × SIPH, and without or with almost no subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..Acyrthosiphon rockspirea
–
Cauda less than 0.6 ×
SIPH, and usually with 3 or morel rows of subapical polygonal reticulation
…..6
6
SIPH
weakly to distinctly clavate over apical half, with 3 or fewer rows of
subapical reticulation
…..7
–
SIPH not
clavate or only slightly wider immediately basad of subapical reticulation,
which is sometimes composed of more than 3 rows
…..9
7
Cauda with 2 pairs of lateral hairs and one
dorsal subapical hair
….Wahlgreniella sp. (Washington, USA; see Jensen 2021)
–
Cauda with 3 or more pairs of lateral hairs
…..8
8
Hairs on ANT tubercles about equal in
length to or greater than the width of ANT III. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 usually
longer than width of basal half os SIPH
…..Illinoia gracilicornis (part)
–
Hairs on ANT tubercles much shorter than
the width of ANT III. Hairs on ABD TERG 8 distinctly shorter than width of
basal half of SIPH
…..Illinoia spiraeae
9
ANT very long, with ANT V usually longer
than ANT III. Secondary rhinaria on ANT II small, protuberant, scattered
sparsely over much of length of segment. ANT I with extensive spiculose
ornamentation laterally, and almost none medially
…..Macrosiphum holodisci
–
ANT V
almost always shorter than ANT III. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III normal,
clustered near base of segment. ANT I with spiculose ornamentation absent or
extensive only medially, or both medially and laterally
…..10
10
Longest hairs on ANT III about half as long
as width of ANT III or shorter
…..11
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
about equal to or longer than width of ANT III
…..13
11
R IV+V at least 0.14 mm long.SIPH unusually long and thin, with about 2 or fewer rows of distinct
subapical reticulation
…..Macrosiphum clydesmithi
–
R IV+V almost always less
than 0.14 mm long. SIPH of moderate length, not noticeably thin, with or
without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..12
12
SIPH without or with only 1-2 rows of
subapical polygonal reticulation, and usually slightly thicker on distal half
…..Illinoia gracilicornis (part)
–
SIPH with about 3 rows of
subapical polygonal reticulation, and not at all thicker on distal half
…..Macrosiphum walkeri
13
Head almost uniformly densely spiculose
ventrally
…..Macrosiphum opportunisticum
–
Head much less spiculose
ventrally; at most eitherwith a
ventral cluster of spinules, or with a narrow band of spicules extending from
ANT tubercles to mouthparts
…..14
14
R IV+V 1.18-1.32 × HT II. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III.
Abdominal tergum pale-sclerotic. ANT tubercles each with a ventral cluster of
spicules
…..Macrosiphum pteridis
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III.
Abdominal tergum pale and membranous. ANT tubercles usually without spicules,
rarely with a narrow band ventrally between ANT tubercles and mouthparts
SIPH long and thin,
curved outwards distally, 0.25-0.37 × BL and 3.7-5.0 × cauda, which is
tongue-shaped. Hairs on front of head and dorsal body capitate
…..Capitophorus
similis
–
SIPH
short, conical, 0.07-0.10 × BL and 0.8-1.5 (-2.0) × cauda, which is
helmet-shaped and not longer than its basal width. Hairs not capitate