ANT PT/BASE less than
0.5. SIPH absent. (These characters must also apply: body sparsely hairy,
head with dorsal wax plates, and R IV+V with 2-10 accessory hairs)
…..2
–
Either ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5
and SIPH present, or bracketed
characters not in that combination
Abdomen with a dark posterior extension of cauda and anal plate, which
is strongly convex. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II and bearing 4-10 accessory hairs.
(Al. sexupara without dark dorsal abdominal cross-bands)
.….Prociphilus erigeronensis
–
Cauda and anal plate not on a dark posterior extension of the abdomen.
(Cauda very small, and anal plate divided into dorsal and posterioventral
parts by a marked concavity.) R IV+V 0.74-0.96 × HT II, with 2 accessory
hairs. (Al. sexupara with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 3-8)
Antennal
tubercles undeveloped. SIPH tapering, about 1.5 × cauda
…..Aphis viridissima
–
Antennal
tubercles well developed, their inner faces convergent in dorsal view. SIPH
slightly swollen distally, about 2 × cauda
…..Myzus
persicae
4
BL more than 3.5
mm. HT II much elongated. SIPH pore-like, on very flat pigmented cones
…..Eotrama tamaricis
–
BL less than 2 mm. HT II
normal. SIPH not pore-like
…..5
5
Eye
without an ocular tubercle. SIPH
slightly swollen in middle. Dorsum
with 2-3 pairs of black spots
…..6
–
Eye with
normal 3-facetted ocular tubercle. SIPH tapering or cylindrical. Dorsum
without dark markings
…..7
6
Dorsal abdomen
with 3 pairs of large spino-pleural dark patches. SIPH 0.9-1.1 × cauda, which
bears 48-60 hairs
…..Brevicorynella sexmaculata*
–
Dorsal abdomen with 2 pairs
of large spino-pleural dark patches. SIPH 0.75-0.9 × cauda, which bears 30-40
hairs
…..Brevicorynella
quadrimaculata*
7
SIPH very short, only 0.038-0.05 × BL
…..Brachyunguis brevisiphon*
–
SIPH 0.06-0.11 × BL
…..8
8
Antenna 6-segmented, with ANT III much
longer than ANT VI (incl. PT). Cauda triangular, 1.7-2.3 × SIPH, which are
1.0-1.3 × their basal width (fig. 113A). R
IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II
…..Brachyunguis tamaricophilus
–
Antenna 5- or 6-segmented, when
6-segmented ANT III is about as long as ANT VI or shorter. Cauda digitiform, 1.0-1.6 × SIPH, which are
1.3-2.2 × their basal width (fig. 113B). R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II
SIPH as very short truncate cones, only 0.4-0.5 × cauda, which is broadly triangular in dorsal view. ANT III with c.16-17 rhinaria, and IV usually with 1-2 rhinaria
…..Microsiphum pyrethri*
–
SIPH conical, cylindrical, tapering or clavate, at least 0.6 × cauda,
which is helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped,
or triangular. ANT III and IV with or without rhinaria
…..2
2
SIPH
with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, occupying 0.08-0.81 of length
…..3
–
SIPH
without any polygonal reticulation
…..30
3
SIPH with
at least basal part pale or dusky, although often darker distally
…..4
–
SIPH
not paler at base; either wholly dark, or dark at base as well as apex with
paler middle section
…..10
4
SIPH 0.7-1.5
× cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.45-0.67 of length
…..5
–
SIPH
1.5-2.9 × cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.06-0.42 of length
…..7
5
SIPH
thicker than cauda.ANT BASE VI
0-7-1.1 × R IV+V …..Macrosiphoniella borealis*
–
SIPH
thinner than cauda. ANT BASE VI 1.4-2.3 × R IV+V
…..6
6
Body oval.SIPH less than 7 × longer than their
mininum width, c.0.10-0.12 × BL and 0.7-1.0 × cauda. ANT BASE VI 1.4-1.5 × R
IV+V
…..Macrosiphoniella abrotani (incl. ssp. chosoni)
–
Body spindle-shaped.SIPH more than 10 × longer than
their minimum width, 0.13-0.16 × BL and 1.0-1.3 × cauda. ANT BASE VI 1.9-2.3
× R IV+V
…..Macrosiphoniella oblonga
7
SIPH with zone of
polygonal reticulation ending in some transversely elongate cells and a small
but distinct flange. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 less than 40 μm long
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH flared at apex and completely lacking any flange, the zone of
polygonal reticulation ending abruptly at apex (e.g. Fig.5i). Longest
hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually more than 50 μm long
…..8
8
SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.32-0.42 of length. Cauda with 15-30 hairs. R IV+V 0.5-0.6 × ANT BASE
VI and 0.70-0.85 × HT II
…..Macrosiphoniella persequens
–
SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.06-0.25 of length. Cauda with 7-16 hairs. R IV+V 0.7-1.0 × ANT BASE
VI and 0.95-1.1 × HT II
…..9
9
SIPH 2.0-2.9 × cauda, slightly expanded at apices, with reticulation
on subapical 0.06-0.13. Cauda with 6-8 hairs
.…..Macrosiphoniella aktashica*
–
SIPH 1.8-2.3 × cauda, flared at apices, with reticulation on subapical
0.12-0.25. Cauda with 8-16 hairs
……Macrosiphoniella tapuskae
10
Cauda tapering, triangular, less than 1.7 ×
longer than its basal width; if more than 1.5 × longer than basal width then
dark (Fig.52a, b).
ANT tubercles weakly developed, so that front of head is shallowly concave in
dorsal view
…..11
–
Cauda finger-like, parallel-sided or tapering and elongate triangular,
if less than 1.7 × its basal width then pale. ANT tubercles usually well
developed, so that there is a frontal sinus
…..14
11
SIPH only c.0.5 × cauda
…..Metopeurum enslini
–
SIPH 1.3-2.3 × cauda
…..12
12
SIPH dusky, c. 2.2-2.3 × cauda, which is
pale, triangular with blunt apex, and bears 4-6 hairs (Fig.52b)
…..Metopeurum borystenicum
–
SIPH dark, 1.3-2.0 (-2.2)
× cauda, which is dusky/dark, elongate triangularwith a rather narrow apex, and bears 9-20 hairs (e.g. Fig.52a)
…..13
13
Dorsal body hairs very short and blunt, those on ABD TERG III
maximally c.10 μm
…..Metopeurum fuscoviride
–
Dorsal body hairs pointed, those on ABD TERG III c.59-60 μm
…..Metopeurum buryaticum*
14
SIPH reticulated on distal 0.11-0.32 of length. First tarsal segments
with 5:5:5 hairs
…..15
–
SIPH reticulated on
distal 0.28-0.81 of length. First tarsal segments with 3:3:3 (or 3:3:2) hairs
…..21
15
Cauda dark like the uniformly dark SIPH
…..16
–
Cauda pale or dusky, SIPH
either uniformly dark or with pale middle section
…..18
16
ANT III with 15-21 rhinaria on basal 0.6 of
length. SIPH 1.6-1.7 × cauda, which bears 13-24 hairs
…..Uroleucon minor
–
ANT III with 38-86 rhinaria distributed over 0.65-0.95 of length. SIPH either 1.3-1.6 or 1.7-2.3 × cauda, which bears 11-18 hairs
…..17
17
SIPH 1.7-2.3 × cauda. R IV+V with 7-9 accessory hairs
…..Uroleucon gobonis (or compositae?)
–
SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda. R
IV+V with 10-12 accessory hairs
…..Uroleucon simile
18
ANT III 1.5-2.0 × longer than ANT IV+V
together, and bearing 96-135 strongly protruberant rhinaria
…..Uroleucon formosanum
–
ANT III less than 1.2 ×
longer than ANT IV+V together, with 6-32 rhinaria
…..19
19
Dorsal hairs arising from small dark
scleroites. SIPH dark at both ends but usually with paler middle section;
1.7-3.2 × cauda
…..20
–
Dorsal hairs not on dark scleroites. SIPH uniformly pigmented, 1.2-1.5
× cauda
…..Uroleucon bereticum
20
Conspicuous black crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present. Cauda with 16-20 hairs
…..Uroleucon pyrethri*
–
Antesiphuncular sclerites
absent. Cauda with 5-10 hairs
….. Uroleucon tanaceti
21
Dorsal hairs arising from black sclerites
or scleroites. Conspicuous black crescent-shaped ante-siphuncular sclerites
present
…..22
–
Dorsal hairs not arising from
sclerites or scleroites. Ante-siphuncular sclerites absent or faintly
pigmented
…..27
22
SIPH c.1.5-1.6 × cauda, with reticulation on distal 0.3-0.35 of length
…..Macrosiphoniella miestingeri
–
SIPH 0.6-1.1 × cauda, with
reticulation on distal 0.40-0.81 of length
…..23
23
ANT III with (14-)29-55 rhinaria. Dorsal
sclerites in spinal region partially fused, forming short cross-bands
…..Macrosiphoniella absinthii
–
ANT III with 5-28
rhinaria. Dorsal hairs usually all or mostly on separate scleroites
…..24
24
Cauda with 24-30 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella millefolii
–
Cauda with 8-20 hairs
…..25
25
Tibiae with comtrastingly pale middle
section. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II. SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.63-0.81.
ANT III with 8-28 rhinaria
…..Macrosiphoniella sanborni
–
Tibiae wholly dark. R
IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.40-0.63. ANTIII with5-14 rhinaria
…..26
26
SIPH 0.13-0.17 × BL. HT I with 3 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella atra (ssp. latysiphon)
–
SIPH 0.08-0.10 × BL. HT I
with 2 hairs
…..Macrosiphoniella caucasica
27
SIPH 0.90 –1.45 × cauda and flask-shaped; constricted at base, strongly swollen on basal
half, narrowing on reticulated distal section to less than half the maximum
width of the swollen part, and flared at apex (Fig.13h)
…..Macrosiphoniella antennata
–
SIPH tapering from base
to apex, 0.6-1.3 × cauda
…..28
28
SIPH longer than (1.12-1.31 ×) cauda, and reticulated on distal 0.28-0.40
of length. Tibiae with pale middle sections. Dorsal hairs stout, capitate,
with papillate bases
…..Macrosiphoniella confusa
–
SIPH shorter than
(0.6-0.9 ×) cauda, reticulated on distal 0.41-0.69 of length. Tibiae entirely
dark. Dorsal hairs not arising from papillate bases
…..29
29
ANT III usually entirely black, with 12-32 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated
on distal 0.41-0.52 of length. R IV+V 0.7-0.85 × HT II and 0.55-0.75 × ANT
BASE VI
…..Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria
–
ANT III paler at base, and bearing 3-14 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated on distal 0.45-0.69 of length. R IV+V 0.85-1.05 × HT II and 0.67-1.0 × ANT BASE VI
…..Macrosiphoniella artemisiae
30
Triommatidium merged with compound eye, so
that there is no distinct ocular tubercle. Dorsal hairs small, fan- or
club-shaped, or at least with somewhat expanded apices. Front of head weakly
convex in dorsal view, ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0. SIPH
cylindrical for most of length, slightly swollen subapically (e.g. Fig.52e). R IV+V
with slightly concave sides. Cauda less than 1.5× its basal width, with 4-5
hairs
…..31
–
Triommatidum forming a
distinct ocular tubercle at posterior margin of eye. Dorsal hairs with blunt
or pointed apices, or if with expanded apices then long, with rod-shaped
stems. Other characters not in above combination
…..32
31
Dorsal hairsfan-shaped (Fig.52c). RIV+V
more than 1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.17-0.2 × BL, with basal part almost smooth (Fig.12o)
…..Coloradoa rufomaculata
–
Dorsal
hairs very small and weakly club-shaped, or with only slightly expanded
apices (Fig.52d). R IV+V less than 1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.13-0.18 × BL, with
basal part coarsely imbricated like distal part (Fig.52e)
…..Coloradoa tanacetina
32
Hairs
on ABD TERG 1-5 numerous, long, and
all or mostly with distinct, more-or-less cylindrical rod-like stems,
broadening distally into fan-shaped or capitate apices. R IV+V
stiletto-shaped with a pair of very long accessory hairs near base
..…Pleotrichophorus glandulosus
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5
without fan-shaped or distinctly capitate apices. R IV+V not stiletto-shaped
and without any very long accessory hairs
…..33
33
ANT PT/BASE 8-11.
ANT III with 7-28 rhinaria extending over 0.4-0.7 of length. Spiracular
apertures on pro-and metathorax much larger than those on abdomen
…..Nasonovia ribisnigri
–
ANT
PT/BASE 1.7-6.0. ANT III with 0-3 rhinaria near base. Thoracic
spiracular apertures reniform, similar in size and form to abdominal ones
…..34
34
Large transparent domed marginal tubercles
(MTu) present at least on ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 (Fig.5j). ANT
PT/BASE 4.1-6.0
…..Aphis vandergooti
–
MTu absent, or only
consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7; if the latter then ANT PT/BASE
1.8-3.7
…..35
35
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its
basal width in dorsal view. SIPH with a distinct subapical annular incision.
Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..36
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, much longer than its basal width. SIPH
without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda
……Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen without a black shield. ANT III
0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II. R IV+V 0.10-0.15 mm. SIPH pale, smooth,
0.8-2.0 × cauda
[Note: two Aphis species,
described by Börner (1940) and Nevsky (1951), are confused under the name A. taraxacicola; we have not attempted
to allocate specific hosts to either species.]
R IV+V 0.84-1.08 × HT II (rarely more than
1). Cauda with 14-24 hairs (usually about 17)
…..Uroleucon hypochoeridis
–
R IV+V 1.04-1.35 × HT II. Cauda with 18-33 hairs
…..Uroleucon cichorii group (incl. grossum)
13
Post-siphuncular sclerites absent or small, not much larger than scleroites at other hair bases, which are large, black and numerous, and sometimes merged together. ANT and tibiae entirely black. Cauda as black as SIPH and rather short and thick, with 8-12 hairs
…..Uroleucon taraxaci
–
Large dark post-siphuncular sclerites present. Scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs smaller and less numerous, never merged, usually paler than SIPH. ANT III usually pale at base, and tibiae with paler middle sections. Cauda pale or dark, if dark then long and bearing 13-20 hairs
…..14
14
Coxae and cauda dusky/dark. ANT III with 33-86 rhinaria on 0.7-0.95 of length
…..Uroleucon compositae (or gobonis?)
–
Coxae and cauda pale. ANT III with 8-39 rhinaria
on 0.4-0.7 of length
…..15
15
HT II rather long and thin, 6 or more ×
longer than its maximum thickness and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
HT II less than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.70-0.85 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
16
Well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu)
consistently present on ABD TERG 2-4, as well as on several other segments
…..17
–
MTu only sporadically
present, and then small, on ABD TERG 2-4, although they may be well developed
on other segments
…..20
17
Cauda finger-like or elongate triangular,
with 5-14 hairs. Head without STu
…..18
–
Cauda helmet-shaped, not
longer than its basal width in dorsal view, with 4-5(-6) hairs. Head with a
pair of spinal tubercles (STu)
…..19
18
SIPH and cauda pale. SIPH 0.10-0.13 × BL
…..Aphis nevskyana*
–
SIPH and cauda dark. SIPH
at least 0.13-0.19 × BL
…..Aphis taraxacicola
19
SIPH very short, only 0.03-0.08 mm long, 0.4-0.8 (-1.2) × cauda
…..Dysaphis microsiphon
–
SIPH c. 0.11 mm long, c.2
× cauda
…..Dysaphis taraxaci*
20
Spiracular apertures large and rounded.
Cauda short, rounded, helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width,
with a slight basal constriction
…..21
–
Spiracular apertures
reniform. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, or if short then bluntly triangular
and without any basal constriction
…..23
21
Dorsum without any dark markings. SIPH smooth, 0.05-0.10 × BL
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Dorsum with a dark shield or extensive dark markings. SIPH imbricated, 0.09-0.15 × BL
…..22
22
Longest hairs on hind
femur 10-25 mm
…..Brachycaudus
lateralis
–
Longest hairs on hind
femur more than 25 mm
long
…..Brachycaudus cardui
23
R IV+V as long as or longer than cauda,
which is dark and bluntly triangular
…..24
–
R IV+V shorter than
cauda, which is tongue- or finger-shaped
…..27
24
ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.4
…..25
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.3
…..26
25
Hairs on ANT IIIall shorter
than BD III. SIPH usually longer than cauda
…..Protaphis middletonii
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 1.0-1.5 × BD III. SIPH usually shorter than cauda
…..Protaphis knowltoni
26
ANT III usually with 1-5 rhinaria on distal part. Hairs on front of head 1.7-2.0 × ANT BD III. ABD TERG 6 (as well as 1 and 7) consistently with MTu
…..Protaphis betpakdalensis*
–
ANT III without rhinaria.
Hairs on front of head c.0.6 × ANT BD III. ABD TERG 6 without MTu
….. Protaphis scorzonerae
27
ANT tubercles well developed and head smooth, or with spicules on
ventral surface only
…..28
–
Either ANT tubercles
undeveloped/ weakly developed and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu, or head densely spiculose both
dorsally and ventrally
…..34
28
SIPH clavate
…..29
–
SIPH tapering or
cylindrical on distal half
…..31
29
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 8-19 μm long,
and on ANT tubercles 6-11 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III
11-29, IV (0)-1-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. ANT PT 1.6-2.3 × cauda
…..Hyperomyzus carduellinus
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are
30-50 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 18-30 μm. Secondary rhinaria
distributed ANT III 4-40, IV 0-2, V 0. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.9. ANT PT 2.0-3.0 ×
cauda
…..30
30
SIPH 3-5 × longer than maximum width of swollen part, which is 1.6-2.4
× minimum width on basal part. R IV+V 0.9-1.12 × HT II (mostly 0.95-1.1 ×).
(Al. with a compact black solid trapezoid dorsal abdominal patch, with hardly
any perforations)
…..Hyperomyzus pallidus
–
SIPH 4-7 × longer than maximum width of swollen part, which is 1.3-2.0 × minimum width on basal part. R IV+V 0.8-1.07 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.0). (Al. with a very irregular and variably shaped dorsal abdominal patch, interrupted by extensive perforations)
…..Hyperomyzus lactucae
31
Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger
than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, mostly more than 8.0. ANT III
with 7-28 rhinaria extending over 0.4-0.7 of length. Dorsum
usually with paired dark intersegmental markings
…..Nasonovia
ribisnigri
–
Thoracic spiracles
similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE less than 7. ANT III with 1-8 (-10) rhinaria on basal
part. Dorsum without any dark
markings
…..32
32
SIPH with at least 4 rows of polygonal
reticulation. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH without polygonal
reticulation, or with only 1-3 indistinct rows of transversely elongate
cells. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.2-0.5 × BD III
…..33
33
(Based on ovip.) ANT III with at least 3-8 rhinaria. R IV+V c.0.7 × HT
II. Head with median frontal tubercle well developed, and without spicules
…..Metopolophium arctogenicolens*
–
ANT III with 1-3
rhinaria. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. Head with median frontal tubercle weakly
developed, and with some small spicules ventrally
…..Aulacorthum
palustre
34
ANT tubercles undeveloped, ANT PT/BASE
c.1.7-1.8, SIPH cylindrical, only c. 2 × longer than wide, about as long as
cauda which bears only 4 hairs
ANT III with 2-5 long
capitate hairs. Dorsal body hairs numerous long and capitate, arising from
large tubercles, the longest hairs being 3-4 × ANT BD III (Fig.34b). R IV+V
2.2-2.5 × HT II
…..Capitophorus pakansus
–
ANT and dorsal body hairs
not long and capitate, without tuberculate bases. R IV+V less than 2 × HT II
…..2
2
SIPH long, cylindrical,
black, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.17-0.25, 2.0-2.4 × cauda which
is long and finger-like and bears 20-26 hairs. (Additional diagnostic
characters for this species: dorsal hairs all arising from dark scleroites; R
IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II; first tarsal segments with 3 hairs)
…..Uroleucon telekiae
–
SIPH short, conical pale,
without polygonal reticulation, 0-8-2.0 × cauda which is helmet-shaped and bears 4-6 hairs
ANT III with 18-33 rhinaria along most of length, and IV with 0-8. Abdominal spiracular apertures almost completely covered by cowl-like opercula. R IV+V 1.6-2.2 × HT II
…..Nasonovia stroyani
–
ANT III with 0-10
rhinaria on basal part, IV with 0. Abdominal spiracular apertures not or only
partly covered by opercula. R IV+V less than 1.6X HT II
…..2
2
SIPH with subapical
polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II, with 12-16 accessory hairs.
ANT III usually without rhinaria
SIPH
black, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsum with variably
developed segmental dark bars or paired patches
…..Sitobion africanum
–
SIPH pale or dark, without polygonal reticulation. Dorsum either
unsclerotised or with a solid dark sclerotic shield
…..2
2
ANT
tubercles very well developed, with smooth divergent inner faces. ANT longer
than BL, with PT/BASE more than 5. SIPH swollen in middle
…..3
–
ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed. ANT shorter than BL,
with PT/BASE less than 4. SIPH conical, tapering or cylindrical
…..4
3
SIPH
1.0-1.1 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.1 × HT II
…..Microparsus tephrosiae
–
SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda. R
IV+V 0.70-0.85 × HT II
…..Megoura dooarsis
4
Dorsal abdomen with an
extensive solid black shield. Cauda black
..…Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings. Cauda pale/dusky, paler than SIPH
..…5
5
Cauda 0.08-0.135 × BL
(only more than 0.12 × BL in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm),
and 0.8-1.25 × ANT V; pale to dusky, without a constriction, less than 3 ×
longer than its width at midlength, and bearing 4-7 (usually 5-6) hairs
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
Cauda 0.12-0.175 × BL, and 1.05-1.7 × ANT V; very pale, usually with a
slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest width at
midlength, and bearing 5-10 (usually 7-9) hairs
Cauda
knobbed (i.e., distinctly constricted on basal part)
…..2
2
Knob of cauda
very elongate, much longer than its maximal width, tapering to apex (e.g. fig. 114A)
…..3
–
Knob of
cauda about as long as its maximal width, with rounded apex
…..4
3
Mesonotum
and ABD TERG 4 of aptera each with a pair of very long, curved spinal
processes (0-4-0.7 mm long)
…..Lizerius
jorgei*
–
Spinal
processes in aptera only present on ABD TERG 8
…..Lizerius brasiliensis
4
Adult
viviparae apterous as well as alate. Alata with long and tapering or finger-like spinal processes (fig. 114B), like those of aptera, as well as
wart-like processes. Pronotum with 1 pair of anterio-lateral hairs
…..Paoliella
nirmalae
–
Adult
viviparae all alate. Spinal processes
if present all short and wart-like. Pronotum with 2 pairs of anterio-lateral hairs
…..5
5
Alata with paired, short, spinal
hair-bearing processes on ABD TERG 1-8 (fig. 114B), and similar marginal processes on
ABD TERG 1-4. R IV+V less than 0.75×
HT II
…..Paoliella harteni
–
Alata without abdominal processes. R IV+V more than 0.8× HT II
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2 × minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
…..Eucarazzia elegans
–
SIPH not swollen or much
less swollen, and less than 3.5 × cauda
…..2
2
SIPH dark with subapical
polygonal reticulation. Dorsum usually with a solid dark shield across ABD
TERG 1-5
…..3
–
SIPH if dark then without
polygonal reticulation. Dorsum with or without dark sclerotisation
SIPH dark distally, with pale basal section, and
polygonal reticulation on 0.21-0.45 of length. ANT III with 5-37 rhinaria.
Cauda tapering to a very thin apex, with subapical hairs usually shorter and
often blunter than lateral hairs
…..Uroleucon erigeronense
–
SIPH
wholly dark, without distal polygonal reticulation. ANT III without rhinaria.
Cauda finger-like or triangular, without shorter blunter subapical hairs
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs numerous,
with knobbed apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. R IV+V
stiletto-shaped, with concave sides. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.4. Marginal tubercles
(MTu) absent. Cauda pale, finger-like, with 5 hairs
…..Pleotrichophorus
tetradymiae
–
Dorsal hairs pointed, without tuberculate bases. R IV+V not
concave-sided. ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.0. Very large MTu present on ABD TERG 1 and
7. Cauda dark, triangular, not longer than its basal width, with 8-14 hairs
Aphis teucrii, [Aphis sp. (Spain: Seco Fernández et al. 1999)]
T. chamaedrys (incl. ssp. pinnatifidum)
Aphis alienus, teucriii; Aulacorthum solani;
Myzus ornatus; Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
T. divaricatum
Aphis
teucrii;
Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
T. flavum
Aphis
[origani], teucrii, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et al.
2014)]
T. fruticans
Aphis
teucrii
T. inflatum = T,
vesicarium
T. laciniatum
Protaphis middletonii
T. marum
Aphis
teucrii
T. montanum
Aphis
alienus, teucrii
T. orientale
Aphis
gossypii
T. polium
Aphis
polii, [salviae],
teucrii
T. pseudochamaepitys
Aphis frangulae
T. scorodonia
Aphis alienus, [“scorodoniae del Guercio” (see text under
alienus],
teucrii, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et al.
2014)];
Myzus ornatus; Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
T. vesicarium
Aphis gossypii
Teucrium spp.
Aphis fabae, [teucrii Lichtenstein (nomen
nudum)]
Key to apterae on Teucrium:-
1
Head smooth with ANT
tubercles developed, their inner faces steep-sided. ANT III without rhinaria.
SIPH pale, without polygonal reticulation, slightly swollen distally. Cauda
pale, constricted at base, and bearing 5(-7) hairs
…..Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly developed.. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal
tubercles (MTu)
…..3
–
ANT tubercles well developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
Cauda black with more than
10 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross-bands, and usually there are also
dark dorsal markings anterior to SIPH
…..4
–
Cauda pale, dusky or
dark, with 4-10 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 usually without cross-bands, or with
a narrow band on 8 only, and no dark markings anterior to SIPH
…..5
4
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its
basal width. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.8
(mostly 2.4-3.6)
……Aphis fabae
–
Cauda short, bluntly
triangular, not longer than its basal width. ANT III often with a few
rhinaria on distal part. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.1
…..Protaphis middletonii
5
R IV+V 0.85-1.22 × ANT
BASE VI, 1.10-1.45 × HT II and 0.61-1.0 × cauda, which is distinctly paler
than SIPH
…..Aphis gossypii (or frangulae)
–
R IV+V 1.14-2.25 × ANT
BASE VI, 1.18-2.12 × HT II and 0.69-1.40 × cauda, which is not distinctly
paler than SIPH
…..6
6
R IV+V 1.49-2.25 × HT II (97% of specimens >1.6), and 1.28-2.35 ×
ANT BASE VI
…..Aphis
polii
–
R IV+V 1.18-1.63 × HT II (97% of specimens <1.6), and 1.14-1.79 × ANT BASE VI
…..7
7
At least some ofABD TERG 2-5 with marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH more
than 5.5 × longer than their minimal distal width just proximal to flange
…..Aphis alienus
–
MTu rarely present on any
of ABD TERG 2-5. SIPH less than 5.4 × longer than their minimal distal width
just proximal to flange
ANT III much shorter than ANT IV+V together. First tarsal segments
with (2-) 3 hairs. Cauda broadly triangular, not or hardly longer than its
basal width in dorsal view, with 9-12 hairs
…..Aphis thalictri (s. str.)
–
ANT III much longer than
IV+V together. First tarsal segments with 5 or 6 hairs. Cauda finger-like,
much longer than its basal width, with 8-19 hairs
…..5
5
ANT PT/BASE 2.6-3.5. Dorsal cuticle corrugated and papillate. Cauda
with 8-12 hairs
…..Longicaudus cornutus*
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.91-2.08. Dorsal
cuticle smooth. Cauda with 13-19 hairs
…..6
6
ANT PT/BASE 0.91-1.46
…..Longicaudus trirhodus
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.56-2.08
…..Longicaudus dunlopi
7
ANT III much longer than
IV+V together. First tarsal segments with 5-6 hairs
…..8
–
ANT III much shorter than
ANT IV+V together. First tarsal segments with 2-3 hairs
…..9
8
ANT PT/BASE less than 2. First tarsal segments with 6 hairs
…..Longicaudus himalayanesis*
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.2.
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs
…..Longicaudus kumauni*
9
ANT III with 3-12
rhinaria on basal half. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent from ABD TERG 1 and
7. R IV+V with (3-) 4 accessory hairs
…..Nasonovia altaensis
–
ANT III without rhinaria.
MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V with 2 (-3) accessory hairs
…..10
10
Hind femora with long fine hairs, many of
them longer than trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with 11-24 hairs
…..Aphis fabae (part)
–
Hind
femora with hairs all shorter than trochantro-femoral suture. Cauda with 9-13
hairs
…..11
11
MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-4 as well
as 1 and 7. ANT PT/BASE 2.2-2.5. R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II
…..Aphis hasanica*
–
MTu only sporadically on ABD TERG 2-4. ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.1. R IV+V
0.6-0.8 × HT II
…..Aphis neothalictri*
12
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed polygonal cells)
…..13
–
SIPH without any distinct
polygonal reticulation (sometimes with 1-3 subapical rows of interconnecting
transverse striae)
…..15
13
SIPH black, with polygonal reticulation on
distal 0.3-0.4 of length. ANT black, except at base of III. Cauda dark
…..Sitobion thalictri
–
SIPH, ANT and cauda mainly pale. SIPH reticulated on distal 0.08-0.2
of length
…..14
14
SIPH distinctly swollen proximal to reticulated
part. Hairs on ANT III not exceeding 0.5 × BD III
…..Illinoia thalictri
–
SIPH cylindrical on
distal part (sometimes with reticulated part somewhat constricted). Longest
hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
15
Head densely spiculose, dorsally as well as
ventrally. ANT tubercles well developed with inner faces scabrous and
steep-sided
…..16
–
Head not spiculose. ANT
tubercles if well developed then with smooth, divergent inner faces
…..17
16
SIPH slightly clavate. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH tapering/cylindrical. ANT III amost always with 1-2 (-3) small
rhinaria on basal part
…..Aulacorthum solani
17
ANT III with 5-19 rhinaria
…..18
–
ANT III with 0-2 rhinaria
…..19
18
SIPH wholly pale.
R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 0.7-0.8 × ANT BD III
…..Nasonovia
saurotarbagataica
–
SIPH dark or dusky towards apices. R IV+V 0.6-0.9
× HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG 3-5 are 0.2-0.4 × ANT BD III
…..Nasonovia
purpurascens
19
ANT
tubercles well developed, ANT 0.9-1.4 × BL, PT/BASE c.3.8-3.9. SIPH 2.4-3.0 ×
cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon ranunculum*
–
ANT tubercles absent or
weakly developed. ANT 0.5-0.8 × BL, PT/BASE 2.0-3.5. SIPH 1.0-2.5 × cauda
…..20
20
SIPH not dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without
marginal tubercles (MTu). First tarsal segments with 4 hairs
…..Thalictrophorus thalictrophilus*
–
SIPH dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. First tarsal segments with 2-3
hairs
Body with very long, branched, hair-bearing
marginal processes
…..2
–
Body without such
processes
…..3
2
Dorsal
abdominal hairs all more-or-less acute, lanceolate, or sometimes slightly
bifurcate. Marginal processes on abdomen either with one type of hair
(usually bifurcate) at ends of lateral
branches or with, near the base, one or two dorsal branches with a thin,
acute hair
…..Cervaphis schouteniae
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs
very blunt, often club-shaped with nearly globular apices, and extremely
numerous. Marginal processes on abdomen with pointed or bifurcate hairs at
ends of lateral branches, but dorsal branches bearing very blunt or
club-shaped hairs like those on on mid-dorsal processes
…..Cervaphis rappardi
3
Body elongate spindle-shaped, with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and dark except at bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation on about distal 0.2 of length
SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. Cauda dark. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with hemispherical marginal tubercles (MTu). Dorsum usually with dark sclerotisation completely of partly fused between ABD TERG 2-4(-6) to form a solid or perforated shield
…..2
–
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7
without MTu. Dorsum if with dark markings then these are not fused between
tergites
…..3
2
R IV+V 1.05-1.25 × HT II. Posterior hair on hind trochanter maximally
c. 0.25 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Dorsal shield usually
perforated between tergites
…..Aphis thesii
–
R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II.
Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.4-0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral
suture. Dorsal shield not usually perforated between tergites
…..Aphis
neothesii
3
Dorsal abdomen with variably developed segmental dark markings,
sometimes absent. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 0.2-0.4 ×
BD III. SIPH entirely black
…..Sitobion africanum
–
Dorsal abdomen membranous. ANT III with 10-15 rhinaria, and longest
hairs 0.6-1.0 × BD III. SIPH mostly black but paler at base
Aphis [craccivora], serpylli, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et al. 2014)];
Myzus ornatus
Th. zygis
Aphis
serpylli
Thymus sp.
Myzus ascalonicus
Key to apterae on Thymus:-
1
ANT usually 4-segmented,
0.12-0.15 × BL, with PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes 3-facetted. SIPH absent.
Legs very short, with fore- and mid-tarsi usually 1-segmented. Dorsal wax
glands present on head, thorax and ABD TERG 1-8, comprising facets surrounding
an elongate central area
…..Kaltenbachiella pallida
–
ANT 5- or 6-segmented,
more than 0.5 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifacetted, SIPH
present, tarsi 2-segmented and wax glands not evident
…..2
2
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2× minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
…..Eucarazzia elegans
–
SIPH not swollen or much
less swollen, and less than 3.5 × cauda
…..3
3
SIPH 0.54-1.33 × cauda,
both black. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). Head without
spicules, and with ANT tubercles weakly developed
(Apterae of Nasonovia tiarellae
are undescribed, but will be distinguishable from those of A. solani and other polyphagous aphids
by the large thoracic spiracles, R IV+V about 1.8-2.4 × HT II, and ANT PT/BASE
at least 6.)
Dorsum with long thin finger-like
spinal and marginal processes. ANT 4-segmented, with PT/BASE less than 1
…..Paoliella flava
–
Dorsum without processes.
ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with PT/BASE more than 1.5
…..2
2
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation.Apices
of femora and SIPH dark. ANT 1.2-1.6 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are
33-50 mm long. Cauda with 11-19 hairs
…..Macrosiphum centranthi
–
SIPH are without polygonal reticulation and/or other characters are
not in that combination
SIPH absent or present only as inconspicuous pores (forming leaf-nest galls)
…..2
–
SIPH present either as short truncate cones, large pores on broad hairy cones, or long tubes
…..4
2
Alata from gall with numerous elongate secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V, not in a single row, protruding as sharp transverse ridges so that the outline is serrate (fig. 115A)
…..Tiliphagus lycoposugus
–
Alata from gall with secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V arranged in a row and not protruding as sharp ridges
…..3
3
BL of alata from gall more than 4 mm. Media of forewing unbranched. Antenna with sparse hairs and at least 4 secondary rhinaria on ANT V
…..Prociphilus
oriens
–
BL of alata from gall less than 3 mm. Media of forewing once-branched. Antenna with numerous hairs and 0-3 secondary rhinaria on ANT V (fig. 115B)
…..Patchiella reaumuri
4
BL more than 5 mm
…..5
–
BL less than 4 mm
…..6
5
Rostrum much shorter than body
…..Longistigma
caryae
–
Rostrum
much longer than body
…..Stomaphis wojciechowskii*
6
SIPH tubular, much longer than their basal width. Cauda finger-like or triangular, anal plate entire
…..7
–
SIPH as truncate cones, hardly longer than their basal width. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed (all viviparae alate)
…..9
7
SIPH black, markedly swollen over distal 0.7 of length
…..Rhopalosiphoninus
tiliae
–
SIPH pale or dark, not at all swollen
…..8
8
Aptera with SIPH mainly dark, about 3 ×
cauda, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation; cuticle of head
smooth; ANT III with 3-10 secondary rhinaria in a row
Secondary rhinaria on ANT
III round to oval, with ciliated rims. Forewing with RS absent or
indistinct and costal margin not heavily pigmented
…..Shivaphis tilisucta
–
Secondary
rhinaria on ANT III transversely elongate, with rims not ciliated. Costal
margin of forewing heavily pigmented and RS
present
…..10
10
Forewing with separate fuscous patches at
ends of veins. Hind femur black except
at base. ABD TERG 1-7 with black
marginal as well as pleural pairs of sclerites, and dark SIPH
…..Eucallipterus tiliae
–
Forewing with a zig-zag black band joining distal ends of media, Cu1a and Cu1b. Hind femur mainly pale. ABD TERG 1-7 with or without dark markings. SIPH pale
…..11
11
Mesothoracic dorsal lobes each with a
longitudinal dark stripe. Base of
forewing infuscated
…..12
–
Mesothoracic dorsal lobes without longitudinal stripes. Base of forewing clear
…..13
12
R IV+V and SIPH both shorter than HT
II. ANT III with 19-33 secondary
rhinaria
…..Tiliaphis coreana
–
R IV+V and SIPH both longer than HT II. ANT III with 8-16 secondary rhinaria
…..Tiliaphis shinjii
13
R IV+V less
than 0.8× HT II. Embryos with very
short spinal hairs (about 4 µm long) on ABD TERG 1-6
…..Tiliaphis
pseudoshinae
–
R IV+V 1.0-1.2× HT II. Embryos with all spinal hairs long (35-40 µm)
ANT tubercles well developed with smooth divergent inner faces. ANT dark except at base, with ANT PT/BASE 5.9-7.5. SIPH dark except for basal 0.2-0.3 of length, with any subapical polygonal reticulation restricted to much less than 0.1 of length
ABD TERG 8 with a wart-like or finger-like medial process, bearing 2
hairs
…..Cavariella spp.; use couplets 2-14 of
key to apterae on Angelica
–
ABD TERG 8 without a medial
hair-bearing process
…..2
2
SIPH very small, less than 0.6 × cauda
…..3
–
SIPH more than 0.6 × cauda
…..5
3
Flat or hemispherical marginal tubercles (MTu)
consistently present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7. Cauda triangular with 6-7 short
hairs near apex
…..Aphis
umbelliferarum
–
SmallMTu
occasionally present on ABD TERG 2-5, but never on 1 and 7. Cauda triangular
or tongue-shaped with longer hairs
…..4
4
SIPH cylindrical or slightly swollen, more than 1.5× their basal
width. ABD TERG 2-5 usually with small
hemispherical MTu
…..Semiaphis anthrisci
–
SIPH tapering, less than
1.5 × their basal width. MTu absent or rare
…..Semiaphis heraclei
5
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal
width. ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, usually with spinal tubercles (STu)
…..6
–
Cauda tongue- or –finger shaped, much
longer than its basal width. STu usually absent
…..8
6
SIPH short and
broad-based, rarely more 2 × their basal width. Hairs on frons long and fine,
the longest almost as long as ANT I
…..Dysaphis foeniculus
–
SIPH 2.5-3.0 × their basal width. Hairs on frons very short and blunt
…..7
7
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter0.24-0.56 (rarely more
than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8
is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently with
paired marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Dysaphis apiifolia
–
Posterior hair on hind trochanter0.42-1.00 (rarely less than 0.5) ×
length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80
μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently without any MTu,
and they are rarely paired
…..Dysaphis crataegi (incl. ssp. aethusae)
8
SIPH mainly pale, with a
supapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..9
–
SIPH pale or dark,
without polygonal reticulation
…..10
9
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate
usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 66-106 μm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate with
2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs
…..Macrosiphum gei
10
SIPH clavate, dark (except in summer dwarfs) and
0.9-1.4 × cauda. Head smooth with ANT tubercles undeveloped
…..Hyadaphis
foeniculi
–
If
SIPH are clavate then
they are pale and 1.7-2.5 × cauda, and head is spiculose with well-developed ANT tubercles
…..11
11
SIPH pale, long, tapering or cylindrical on distal half. ANT tubercles
with smooth, broadly divergent inner faces, and median frontal tubercle
evident
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
SIPH pale or dark, if pale then ANT
tubercles have steep-sided, scabrous inner faces, and median frontal tubercle
is undeveloped
…..go to key to polyphagous aphids (but note that specimens running to couplet 33 in that key could be Aphis toriliae*)
This key includes alatae as well as apterae of Carolinaia spp.; couplets 4-21 are based mainly on the key to Carolinaia spp. by Remaudière &
Muñoz Viveros (1992).
1
Very large aphid, BL about 5 mm or more, with very long rostrum about 1.5× BL
…..Stomaphis rhusivernicifluae
–
BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum much shorter than BL
…..2
2
Apterae (incl.
fundatrices)
…..3
–
Alatae
…..15
3
SIPH 0.4-0.6 ×
cauda which bears 12-20 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with
marginal tubercles (MTu). Stridulatory ridges present ventrolaterally on
abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and hind tibia with a row of short, peg-like
hairs
….. Aphis odinae
–
SIPH
relatively longer and cauda with less hairs. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. No stridulatory ridges nor peg-like hairs on hind
tibiae
…..4
4
Tergum strongly rugose
…..5
–
Tergum smooth or almost
smooth
…..6
5
Tergum pale. SIPH slightly clavate with dense, conspicuous imbrication
…..fundatrix of Carolinaia caricis
–
Tergum dark brown. SIPH moderately clavate, with only a little
imbrication
…..Carolinaia schlingeri
6
SIPH cylindrical,
tapering, with slight medial swelling, or only weakly clavate (in which case
they are c.8 × longer than their maximum diameter)
…..7
–
SIPH very distinctly
clavate (swollen on distal half), and
less than 7 × longer than their maximum diameter
…..11
7
SIPH pale, and c.5 ×
their midlength diameter
…..fundatrix
of Carolinaia tissoti
–
SIPH dark, and c.6-8 ×
their midlength diameter. ANT tubercles rugose, and ventral side of head
spiculose
…..8
8
SIPH c.8 × their midlength
diameter. ANT PT/BASE at least 4 (for further confirmation, return to key at
couplet 14)
…..Carolinaia floridensis (partim)
–
SIPH c.6 × their
midlength diameter. PT/BASE less than 4
…..9
9
Fore femora strongly
spiculose distally for more than half of length
…..Carolinaia nigra
–
Fore
femora smooth or imbricated distally, but without spicules on the
imbrications
…..10
10
ANT PT/BASE
1.5-2.0. R IV+V 1.0-1.1× HT II
…..Carolinaia
floris
–
ANT
PT/BASE 2.1-3.0. R IV+V 1.2-1.4× HT II
…..Carolinaia
japonica
11
ANT tubercles weakly developed, so that
front of head is sinuate in dorsal view. ANT shorter than BL. Tergum pale
…..12
–
ANT tubercles well developed, so that there is a deep frontal sinus. ANT
longer than BL. Tergum dark
…..13
12
SIPH pale, 2.4-3.3 × cauda, which bears 4
hairs
…..fundatrix of Carolinaia carolinensis
–
SIPH dark, only c.2 ×
longer than cauda, which bears 5 hairs
…..Carolinaia rhois
13
R IV+V heart-shaped, bulbous posteriorly.
Head smooth ventrally. Cauda paler than SIPH and bearing 5 hairs
……Carolinaia howardii
–
R IV+V not swollen,
straight-sided. Head spiculose ventrally. Cauda as dark as SIPH and bearing 4
hairs
…..14
14
SIPH markedly clavate, 5-6 × longer than max. diameter of swollen
part, and 2.3-2.6 × longer than ANT VI BASE. R IV+V 0.12-0.13 mm long. Spinal
tubercles (STu) absent
…..Carolinaia rhusifoliae
–
SIPH slightly clavate,
c.8 × longer than max. diameter of swollen part, and 3.0-3.5 × longer than ANT
VI BASE. R IV+V 0.09-0.105 mm long. Spinal tubercles (STu) often present on
head and sometimes on ABD TERG 8
…..Carolinaia floridensis (partim)
15
(Al.) Abdomen with a solid dark sclerotic patch across ABD TERG 3-5,
3-6 or 3-7
…..16
–
(Al.) Abdomen with or
without dark sclerites, but without an extensive solid dark sclerotic patch
…..18
16
(Al.) ANT III with 23-31 sec. rhinaria, IV with 9-12 and V with 5-6
…..Carolinaia carolinensis
–
(Al.) ANT III with less
than 15 sec. rhinaria, IV with less than 4, V with none
…..17
17
(Al.) Hind wing with 2 oblique veins. ANT
tubercles weakly developed, not projecting forward beyond median frontal
tubercles in dorsal view. Dorsal abdominal patch not extending beyond ABD
TERG 6. Cauda pale with 5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE less than 3, R IV+V c 0.9 × HT
II, SIPH c. 2 × cauda
…..Carolinaia schlingeri
–
(Al.) Hind wing with one oblique vein. ANT tubercles extending forward
far beyond middle part of head in dorsal view. Dorsl abdominal patch
extending from ABD TERG 3-7. Cauda as dark as SIPH and bearing 4 hairs. ANT
PT/BASE more than 4, R IV+V c.1.1 × HT II, SIPH
c. 3 × cauda
…..Carolinaia floridensis
18
(Al.) ANT PT/BASE less than 3
…..19
–
(Al.) ANT PT/BASE more
than 3
…..20
19
(Al.) Hind wing with one oblique vein. Cauda with 4 hairs.
…..Carolinaia caricis or Carolinaia tissoti
–
(Al.) Hind wing with 2
oblique veins. Cauda with 5 hairs
…..Caroliniaia floris
20
(Al.) SIPH cylindrical
…..21
–
(Al.) SIPH clavate
…..22
21
(Al.) Cuticle of mesosternum granulose.
Femora coarsely imbricated. ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
forward further than the median ocellus
…..Carolinaia nigra
–
(Al.) Cuticle of
mesosternum smooth. Femora smooth or only weakly imbricated towards apices.
ANT tubercles well developed
…..Carolinaia japonica
22
(Al.) R IV+V heart-shaped, short
(0.096-0.11 mm long). HT II 0.09-0.10 mm. ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.5
…..Carolinaia howardii
–
(Al.) R IV+V straight-sided, 0.12-0.14 mm long. HT II 0.12-0.15 mm.
ANT PT/BASE
3.3-4.1