Body dorsoventrally flattened, elongate
oval with dorsum wholly sclerotic, with a crenulate margin due to a
continuous ring of wax glands. Eyes
3-facetted, SIPH poriform, cauda knobbed and anal plate bilobed
…..Aleurodaphis blumeae
–
Dorsum not wholly
sclerotic, no marginal wax glands. Eyes compound, SIPH tubular, cauda
tongue-shaped, anal plate entire
…..2
2
SIPH
black, swollen into a spindle shape on distal two-thirds. Cauda triangular
…..Rhopalosiphoninus tiliae
–
SIPH pale or dark, not swollen. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped
…..3
3
SIPH wholly dark, with distal polygonal reticulation
that extends over distal 0.3-0.4
…..4
–
SIPH pale at least basally, with any polygonal reticulation not
extending beyond distal 0.2
…..5
4
ANT
IIIwith 11-18 secondary rhinaria.
R IV+V 1.8-2.4 × HT II
…..Uroleucon adenocaulonae
–
ANT IIIwith 46-51 secondary rhinaria. R
IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II
…..Uroleucon amigoi
5
SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal
0.13-0.2. R IV with 7-10 accessory hairs. Thoracic spiracular pores similar
in size to abdominal ones
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH without distal
polygonal reticulation. R IV with 22-30 accessory hairs. Thoracic spiracular
pores much larger than abdominal ones
N.B. All the aphidskeyed belowhave numerous rhinaria on ANT III of
apterae, dorsal hairs arising from small dark scleroites, and dark SIPH with
distal polygonal reticulation.
1
Cauda with a remarkable bipartite structure,
the base being broadly conical, with an abrupt transition to a very thin,
somewhat twisted, hairless distal section (Fig. 7a). Anal
plate with a cauda-like posterior projection
…..Tshernovaia adenophorae
–
Cauda
finger-like, cylindrical or tapering gradually from base to apex
…..2
2
Antennal tubercules small and gentle, so as to create a shallow frontal groove. SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation on <0.25 their length. ANT III with 0-1 rhinaria.
…..Adenophoraphis burabaica
–
Antennal tubercles medium to large, so as to create a discernible frontal groove. SIPH with extensive zone of polygonal reticulation on >0.25 their length. ANT III with variable number of rhinaria, usually >1.
…..3
3
Cauda pale. R IV+V c.0.7 × HT II, and with only 2 accessory hairs
…..Uroleucon kikioense*
–
Cauda
dark. R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II, with 7 or more accessory hairs
…..4
4
SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, which has most of
distal half almost parallel-sided or slightly swollen, and a rather abruptly
pointed or rounded apex (Fig.7b). ANT
PT/BASE 2.8-5.1. BL 2.5-3.2 mm
…..Uroleucon triphyllae
–
SIPH
1.5-2.0 × cauda, which has distal half tapering and a narrow, acuminate apex
(Fig.7c). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-5.5. BL 3.7-4.3 mm
Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Capitophorus similis
A. australis (= A. alpina ssp. australis)
A. glabra = A. alpina
A. leucophylla
Aphis solanella; Brachycaudus cardui,
helichrysi
A. platyphylloides
Brachycaudus cardui,
helichrysi, virgatus
A. viridis = A. alpina
Key
to aphids on Adenostyles:-
1
Dorsal hairs long with capitate apices, and
arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH 3.7-5.0 × cauda
…..Capitophorus similis
–
Dorsal
hairs short, or long with pointed apices, without tuberculate bases. SIPH
much shorter
…..2
2
Cauda
black, tongue-shaped, as long as its basal width or longer
..…3
–
Cauda
pale or dark, helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width.
..…4
3
ANT (of apt.) usually with rhinaria on III
and IV, those on ANT III being mostly on distal half of segment. Tibiae dark
…..Aphis cacaliasteris
–
ANT
(of apt.) without rhinaria on III and IV. Tibiae mainly pale
…..Aphis fabae group (incl. solanella)
4
SIPH dark, with close-set rows of small
spinules. ANT (of apt.) with 6-19 rhinaria clustered on swollen basal half of
ANT III
…..Anuraphis farfarae
–
SIPH pale or dusky, without rows of small
spinules. ANT (of apt.) without rhinaria on ANT III and IV
..…5
5
SIPH pale or slightly dusky, less than 1.5
× cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotization
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH dusky or dark, more
than 1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with variably
developed dark sclerotization
…..6
6
Dorsal abdomen with a solid black shield
extending over the whole of ABD TERG 1-6. Genital plate with 25-42 hairs, of
which 8-17 are on the anterior half. ANT IV usually longer than (0.9-1.5 ×) R
IV+V. Never with spinal tubercles (STu)
…..Brachycaudus cardui
–
Dorsal abdomen usually with less extensive dark sclerotization, if
extensive then genital plate only has 12-32 hairs, of which only 2-5 are on
anterior half, ANT IV is usually
shorter than (0.4-1.1 ×) R IV+V, and STu frequently present on ABD TERG 7
Aphis acuminata, craccivora, [Aphis sp. (see Nieto Nafría et al. 2021b)];
Uroleucon
adesmiae
Key
to apterae on Adesmia:-
1
ANT PT/BASE 3.2-4.9, and with 2-15 small
secondary rhinaria on ANT III. SIPH with some (often rather indistinct)
subapical polygonal reticulation
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.9-2.5, and
without secondary rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). SIPH without any
subapical polygonal reticulation
…..4
2
Antennae
pale exceptfor PT and apical
parts of ANT III-IV BASE. R IV+V with 10-15 accessory hairs. Cauda with 10-15
hairs. Subgenital plate with 2-5 anterior (discal) hairs
…..Uroleucon adesmiae
–
Antennae mainly dark
except for basal part of ANT III. R IV+V with 6-10 accessory hairs. Cauda with
17-41 hairs. Subgenital plate with 8-20 anterior (discal) hairs
…..3
3
SIPHnot flared at apex.Cauda with
17-29 hairs
…..Uroleucon
nahuelhuapense*
–
SIPH slightly flared (trumpet-shaped) at apex. Cauda with 26-41 hairs
…..Uroleucon australe*
4
R IV+V with4 or more accessory hairs (occasionally 3)
…..Aphis argentina*
–
R IV+V with only 2
accessory hairs (exceptionally 3)
…..5
5
ABD TERG 7 without marginal tubercles
(MTu). (MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-4 very large)
…..Aphis difabioae*
–
ABD TERG 7 with MTu
…..6
6
R IV+V 0.17-0.21 mm, 1.35-1.63 × HT II
…..Aphis zapalina*
–
R IV+V 0.10-0.16 mm,
0.87-1.36 × HT II
…..7
7
Dorsal abdomen membranous or with only
scattered small sclerites anterior to SIPH
…..8
–
Dorsal abdomenusually with extensivesclerotisation, if reduced then at
least with a sclerite on ABD TERG 8
…..9
8
SIPH pale at base and progressively darker
towards apices, ornamented distally with rows of small spinules. ANT PT/BASE
0.95-1.2
…..Aphis renjifoanae*
–
SIPH dark over entire
length. ANT PT/BASE 1.2-1.6
…..Aphis talcensis*
9
Dorsum with segmentally divided dark bands,
sometimes partially coalesced, often reduced or fragmented. SIPH with coarse
imbrication
…..Aphis biobiensis
–
Dorsum with an extensive
dark or dusky sclerotic patch, not divided into segmental bands, but
sometimes fragmented. SIPH with normal or finely spiculose imbrication
…..10
10
Cauda with 11-22 hairs. Dorsal body hairs
thick, blunt and conspicuous. SIPH with ornamentation of fine spicules
arranged in short rows
…..Aphis adesmiae
–
Cauda with 4-13 hairs.
Dorsal body hairs fine, blunt or pointed, inconspicuous. SIPH with normal
imbrication
…..11
11
Longest hair on ANT III 0.3-0.8
× BD III. Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 8-15 µm and longest on ABD
TERG 8 are 10-23 µm. Cauda with 4-9 hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Longest hair on ANT III
0.6-1.4 × BD III. Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 18-45 µm, longest
on ABD TERG 8 are 20-65 µm. Cauda with 7-13 hairs
…..12
12
Cauda pointed at apex, with 7-8 hairs. ABD
TERG 8 with 2 hairs
…..Aphis acuminata*
–
Cauda rounded at apex, with 5-13 hairs, usually 8-11. ABD TERG 8
usually with 3-4 hairs
…..Aphis mendocina*
(If outcome is inconclusive then try key to apterae on Adesmia in Nieto Nafría et al. 2021b.)
Body and appendages conspicuously hairy. Primary
rhinaria with naked, sclerotic rims. ANT II elongate, about 2 × ANT I and similar
in length to ANT III. Anus in posterio-dorsal position, with anal plate
enlarged and surrounded on 3 sides by the U-shaped ABD TERG 8
…..Smynthurodes betae (Plate 2f)
–
Body and appendages with sparse, short
hairs. Primary rhinaria with ciliated rims. ANT II not elongate, not much
longer than ANT I and much shorter than III. Anus in normal posterio-ventral
position
…..Pemphigussp(p).
3
ABD
TERG 8with a medial process
projecting backward above the cauda
…..4
–
No supracaudal process
…..5
4
SIPH
clavate. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5
…..Cavariella aegopodii
–
SIPH tapering from base to flange. ANT
PT/BASE more than 2
…..Cavariella theobaldi
5
SIPH
very small and flangeless, onlyabout
0.5 × cauda, with aperture slanted towards mid-line of body
…..6
–
SIPH more than 0.75 × cauda
…..8
6
ABD TERG 1-4 usually with a total of at
least 2-4 (range 0-7, mean 3.2) marginal tubercles (MTu), in addition to
those consistently present on ABD TERG
5. Genital plate with a total of 13-21 (mostly 16-19) hairs. (Al. with ANT
PT/BASE 4.0-5.0)
…..Semiaphis anthrisci
–
ABD TERG 1-4 usually with
a total of only 0-1 MTu (range 0-7, means 0.3-0.9), in addition to those
consistently present on ABD TERG 5.
Genital plate with a total of 9-17 (-20) hairs. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE
2.4-4.4, but rarely more than 3.9)
…..7
7
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 8-25 μm
(mostly 12-20 μm). Genital plate with 13-20 (mostly 14-17) hairs. ANT
PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.4 and sec. rhin. distributed III
16-23, IV 1-5, V 0-1)
…..Semiaphis dauci
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 15-47 μm (mostly 18-30 μm). Genital plate with 9-20 (but
mostly 11-13) hairs. ANT PT/BASE (1.8-) 2.2-3.2. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE
3.1-3.9 (-4.4) and sec. rhin. distributed III 16-59, IV 2-12 V 0-4)
…..Semiaphis pimpinellae
8
Cauda
short and broad, rounded or helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in
dorsal view
…..9
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, at least
as long as its basal width in dorsal view
…..12
9
SIPH
with 30-40 densely packed rows of small nodules. Cauda with 9-13 hairs
…..Anuraphis subterranea
–
SIPH with normal
imbrication. Cauda with 5-7 hairs
…..10
10
ANT III and IV (of aptera) with rhinaria
…..Dysaphis newskyi ssp. mamontovae
–
ANT III and IV without
rhinaria
…..11
11
Longest hairs on ANT III not exceeding BD
III
…..Dysaphis crataegi group
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
2.6-3.9 × BD III
…..Dysaphis sibirica
12
SIPH
clavate, 0.8-1.4 × cauda and 0.1-0.2 × BL. R IV+V 0.7-1.05 × HT II
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
SIPH cylindrical or
tapering on distal half, usually more that 1.4 × cauda; if shorter, then much
less than 0.1 × BL, and R IV+V 0.95-1.5 × HT II
…..13
13
ANT tubercles well developed, their inner
faces parallel or convergent in dorsal view. SIPH and cauda mainly pale. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..14
–
ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH and cauda black. ABD TERG 1 and 7
always with MTu
.…15
14
Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark
intersegmental ornamentation.ANT
tubercleswith inner faces
convergent in dorsal view. SIPH with a slight “S”-curve
….Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal abdomen without
any dark markings. ANT tubercles with inner faces parallel in dorsal view.
SIPH straight
…..Aulacorthum solani (or A. aegopodii – see text)
15
ABD TERG 2-4 with large flat marginal
tubercles (MTu), 33-50 μm in diameter. SIPH 2-3 × cauda
…..Aphis sambuci
–
ABD TERG 2-4 with MTu if
present papilliform and with diameter 15-35 μm. SIPH often less than 2 ×
cauda
.…16
16
Dorsal body and appendages with short
hairs; those on ANT III 7-15 μm long, much shorter than BD III. ABD TERG
2-4 often with MTu
….17
–
Dorsal body and appendages
bearing longer hairs; those on ANT III 24-75 μm long, usually as long as
or longer than BD III. ABD TERG 2-4 only sporadically with MTu
…..18
17
ANT III (of apt.) 1.6-2.0 × SIPH, and
bearing rhinaria
…..Aphis subnitida
–
ANT III (of apt.) 1.0-1.4
× SIPH, and without rhinaria
….Aphis grosmannae
18
ABD TERG 2-4 without spinal hairs (i.e.,
only 2 dorsal hairs per segment, as normal for genus), so that the (pleural)
pair on ABD TERG 4 are about twice as far apart as the spinal pair on ABD
TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5 hairs
..…Aphis fabae group
–
ABD
TERG 2-4 with both spinal and pleural hairs (i.e., 4 dorsal hairs per
segment), so that the (spinal) pair on ABD TERG 4 are 1.5 or less times the
distance apart of the spinal pair on ABD TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 3-11 hairs, usually 5 or
more
SIPH as very short cones, much shorter than
cauda, which has a constriction and a very elongate triangular knob. ANT VI
BASE with several spaced-out rhinaria. R IV+V very short and blunt, about 0.5 × HT II
…..Neoantalus aeschynomenidis
–
SIPH tubular, tapering,
as long as or longer than cauda, which has no constriction. R IV+V similar in
length to HT II
…..2
2
SIPH as long as or longer than the distance
between their bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal
abdomen often with a broken pattern of dark pigmentation, never with an
unbroken black shield
…..Sitobion africanum
–
SIPH shorter than the distance between their bases, and without any
subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen either without dark markings
or with an extensive black shield
…..3
3
Dorsal
abdomen with an extensive black shield. Cauda as black as SIPH
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH …..Aphis gossypii
ANT longer than body. Femora with basal 0.6 or more of length pale, contrasting with black distal section. SIPH pale basally and dark distally. (Alata with broad-banded wing-veins, and radius fused with media to form a closed cell below the pterostigma
…..Pentalonia caladii
–
ANT shorter than body. Femora mainly dark or mainly pale. SIPH uniformly dark. (Alata with normal
pale wing veins)
…..2
2
ANT less than 0.5 × BL. Legs mainly dark.
SIPH less than 0.1 × BL and usually slightly swollen proximal to flange
…..Rhopalosiphum maidis
–
ANT more than 0.5 × BL. Legs mainly pale. SIPH more than 0.1 × BL and
tapering from base to flange, with no trace of swelling
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2× minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
…..Eucarazzia elegans
–
SIPH not swollen, and
less than 3 × cauda
…..2
(Both the following species have ANT
tubercles undeveloped, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large marginal tubercles, pale
SIPH, and R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs.)
Body dorsoventrally flattened, subcircular,
wholly sclerotic, with a distinct crenulate margin due to a continuous circle
of wax glands. Underside of head with at least one pair of thick,
dagger-shaped hairs situated lateroventrally to bases of a pair frontal
horns. SIPH pore-like
…..Cerataphis brasiliensis
–
Body of normal aphid shape, not wholly sclerotic; head without frontal horns. SIPH conical or tubular, tapering
Body flattened and dorsum sclerotic, with fused
head and pronotum, fused ABD TERG 1-7, and a crenulate rim due to a
continuous marginal row of wax glands. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..Aleurodaphis blumeae
–
Body not flattened, segments not fused, no
crenulate margin of wax glands. Cauda not knobbed, anal plate entire
….2
2
Large aphid, BL more than 4 mm. SIPH strongly
clavate, with maximum width 3-4 × diameter of tibia at midpoint. Cauda with
25-32 hairs
…..Indomasonaphis anaphalidis
–
BL
less than 4 mm. SIPH not strongly
clavate and/or cauda with less than 20 hairs
…..3
3
SIPH entirely dark with subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..4
–
SIPH if
entirely dark then without polygonal reticulation
ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than
1. ABD TERG 7 and 8 each with a pair of long hair-bearing processes. SIPH
with a subapical ring of 3-5 hairs
…..Anomalaphis comperei
–
ANT usually 6-segmented, and ANT PT/BASE
more than 2. ABD TERG 7 and 8 without
long processes, SIPH without hairs
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes of 3 facets. SIPH as raised pores with a
surrounding ring of hairs, cauda semi-circular. Each segment of thorax and
abdomen with a pair of marginal wax pore plates
…..Eriosoma japonicum
–
ANT PT/BASE much greater than 1. Eyes compound. SIPH tubular, cauda
tongue-shaped. No wax pore plates
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH only about 0.5 × distance between
their bases, and less than 1.5 × cauda. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on
ABD TERG 1 and 7
….3
–
ANT tubercles well developed, or at least
protruding further than medial part of front of head in dorsal view. SIPH at
least as long as the distance between their bases, and 1.4 or more × cauda.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..4
3
ANT/PT BASE 2.6-3.2
…..Aphis proffti
–
ANT/PT BASE 1.8-2.3
….. Aphis argrimoniae
4
SIPH mainly pale, sometimes dusky at apices
…..5
–
SIPH entirely or mainly dark
…..8
5
SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. Hairs on
ANT III inconspicuous, the longest rarely more than 0.5 × BD III
…..6
–
SIPH
with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III evident,
the longest more than 0.5 × BD III
…..7
6
SIPH 1.8-2.2 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.8.
R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II
….. Acyrthosiphon malvae agrimoniae
–
SIPH 1.4-1.8 (-2.0) × cauda. ANT PT/BASE
2.8-4.4. R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II
…..Metopolophium dirhodum
7
R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. ANT III with 15-20
rhinaria extending over more than 0.7 of its length
…..Macrosiphum agrimoniellum
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II. ANT III with 1-10
rhinaria confined to basal half
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
8
Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.5 × BD III. R IV
+ V only about as long as its basal width, shorter than HT II. Tibiae pale
…..Sitobion fragariae
–
Hairs on ANT III conspicuous, the longest of them more than 0.5 × BD III. R IV+V more than 1.5 × its basal width, similar in length to or loger than HT II. Tibiae mainly dark
.….9
9 Head
pale or dusky. SIPH often paler at extreme bases
…..Macrosiphum
pallidum
–
Head very dark or black, like SIPH, which are wholly dark
ANT tuberclesweakly developed, not projecting beyond middle part of frons in
dorsal view
…..Aphis gossypii
–
ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces divergent or
convergent
…..2
2
Innerfaces ofANT tubercles clearly divergent. SIPH dark except for pale basal
c.0.3, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation and a large flange
…..Sitobion aulacorthoides
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or
convergent. SIPH pale or dusky, without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..3
3
Dorsal abdomen with a large dark, approximately horseshoe-shaped dark
patch, and paired dark patches also on thoracic tergites
…..Neomyzus
circumflexus
–
No extensive dark dorsal patches
…..4
4
PT
1.45-2.3 × ANT III. Cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is smooth
…..Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
–
PT 0.6-1.4 (-1.6) × ANT
III, and cuticle of front of head and ANT tubercles is spiculose or rugose
…..5
5
SIPH not at all swollen, tapering with a slight S curve. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. Dorsal abdomen with an intersegmental pattern of dark ornamentation
…..Myzus ornatus
–
SIPH slightly clavate. ANT PT/BASE rarely less than 2.8. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings
SIPH dark, with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. Cauda pale. ANT dark, with hairs on III short and blunt, the
longest less than 0.5 × BD III
Abdomen with black marginal sclerites, fused
between segments to form broad black marginal stripes. R IV+V longer than HT
II. Head with minute spicules on ventral side
…..Aulacorthum
pterinigrum
–
Abdomen without broad black marginal
stripes. R IV shorter than HT II. Head without spicules
End of abdomen with backwardly directed
hair-bearing processes. SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs. Antennae
5-segmented with ANT PT/BASE less than 1. R IV+V nearly 2× longer than HT II
…..
Anomalosiphum pithecolobii
–
End of abdomen without backwardly
directed hair-bearing processes, SIPH without hairs, antennae usually
6-segmented with ANT PT/BASE more than 1, and R IV+V usually much less than
2× HT II
….2
2
ANT tubercles very well developed,
with smooth divergent inner faces. SIPH long, pale, tapering from a
broad base, without supabical reticulation
Key to aphids on Alcea (also Althaea and Lavatera):-
1
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its
basal width in dorsal view. SIPH pale, smooth, short, with an annular
incision proximal to the flange. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its
basal width. SIPH pale or dark, imbricated, without any distinct subapical
annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly
developed, not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view. Marginal
tubercles (MTu) always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..3
–
ANT tubercles well
developed.MTu absent or present,
but if present they are usually only on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) and only rarely on
ABD TERG 1 or 7
…..6
3
SIPH wholly dark
…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24
–
SIPH pale or dusky, or
only dark towards apices
…..4
4
ANT 5-segmented. R IV+V
very long, narrow and pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II.
Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 mostly longer than ANT BD III. Marginal tubercles (MTu)
absent from ABD TERG 2-5
…..Aphis althaeae
–
ANT 5- or 6-segmented. R
IV+V less than 2.5 × its basal width and 1.0-1.45 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG
2-4 shorter than ANT BD III. MTu often present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1
and 7
…..5
5
Large MTu usually present
(except in summer dwarfs) on ABD TERG 2-5 in addition to those on 1 and 7, those
on 7 being greater in diameter than base of ANT III. SIPH 1.35-2.5 × cauda. R
IV+V 1.1-1.45 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 1.0-1.35 × HT II
…..Aphis
umbrella
–
MTu only sporadically
present on ABD TERG 2-5, and diameter of tubercle on ABD TERG 7 is less than
that of base of ANT III. SIPH 0.8-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT
VI BASE 0.85-1.1 × HT II
…..Aphis nasturtii
6
ANT,
head, legs (except bases of femora), SIPH and cauda all dark. SIPH with a
distal zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising
from small dark scleroites
…..Uroleucon eoessigi
–
ANT,
head, legs, SIPH and cauda mainly pale. Dorsal abdominal hairs not arising
from scleroites
…..go
to key polyphagous
aphids, starting at couplet 4
ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces smooth
and divergent. SIPH long and pale, but without any subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..2
–
Without the above combination of characters
…..4
2
SIPH markedly clavate. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Amphorophora gei
–
SIPH
cylindrical. R IV+V 0.55-1.2 × HT II
…..3
3
R IV+V 0.55-0.75 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE
2.7-4.5. ANT VI BASE 1.25-1.75 × R IV+V
…..Metopolophium dirhodum
–
R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-5.8. ANT VI BASE 0.7-1.0 × R IV+V
….. Acyrthosiphon malvae (ssp. potha? – see text)
4
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle of head in dorsal view. SIPH dark, tapering, short; similar in
length to the tongue-shaped cauda which is dusky-dark and bears 8-10 hairs.
Dorsum pale
…..Aphis alchemillae
–
Without the above combination of characters
…..5
5
Head, ANT I and II and basal part of ANT III
dark. ANT III (of apt.) with 10-35 rhinaria. SIPH black, with subapical polygonal reticulation
Apterous viviparae present. ANT
PT/BASE more than 1
…..2
– All adult viviparae alate. ANT PT/BASE
0.5 or less. SIPH as truncate cones with appended hairs. Hind femora with a black spot near apex. Cauda
knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..3
2
ANT tubercles well-developed, steep-sided,
with short blunt hairs. ANT III-VI black contrasting with pale ANT I and II.
SIPH thick, especially at base, dark distally with a few rows of
interconnected striae at apex
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of bead-like
nodules arranged in polygons, each polygon enclosing 1 or more additional
nodules. SIPH cylindrical or clavate with a smooth constricted region
proximal to the flange
…..2
–
Dorsal cuticle without a pattern of nodules
arranged in polygons. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, not smooth and constricted
subapically
(All species have weakly developed ANT tubercles, and dark SIPH and
cauda.)
1
ANT PT /BASE less than 3.0. Cauda with 7-15 hairs
…..Aphis spiraecola
ANT PT/BASE more than 3.4. Cauda with 9-28 hairs
…..2
2
Cauda with usually more than 20 hairs. Hairs on ANT III longer than diameter of this segment at its base. Thoracic segments often partly sclerotised
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus
–
Cauda with usually less than 20 hairs. Hairs on
ANT III often shorter than diameter of this segment at its base. Thoracic
tergites usually unsclerotised
…..3
3
SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda. Stridulatory
apparatus present
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
SIPH more than 1.5 × cauda. No stridulatory apparatus
SIPH slightly swollen, but not clavate (without
narrow section on basal half). ANT tubercles absent, or if developed then not
projecting forward beyond middle part of head, so that front of head is
convex, straight or sinuate in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal
tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
Without this combination
of characters; i.e. if SIPH are
present then they are either tapering or clavate (with narrow section on
basal half), and either ANT
tubercles are well-developed or ABD
TERG 1 and 7 have MTu
..…4
2
ANT III 2.5-3.7 × SIPH.SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is broadly triangular and bears 6-9
hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 8-18 hairs.
Dorsal abdomen with paired dark markings
…..Brevicoryne brassicae
–
ANT III1.0-1.8
× SIPH. SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda which is elongate triangular or tongue-shaped and
bears 4-7 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without
dark markings
…..3
3
ANT PT1.2-1.35
× SIPH
…..Lipaphis alliariae
–
ANT PT 0.8-1.15(-1.25) × SIPH
…..Lipaphis erysimi
4
Thoracic
spiracular apertures much larger than abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE 6.5-10.
Dorsum with paired, dark intersegmental markings, far apart between ABD TERG
1-4 but nearer to midline between ABD TERG 4-5 and 5-6
…..Nasonovia ribisnigri
–
Thoracic spiracular apertures similar in size to abdominal ones, ANT PT/BASE
less than 6.5 and dorsal abdomen without intersegmental markings spaced in
that way
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes 3-facetted. Dorsum
with wax pore-plates on all segments including head
…..Diprociphilus allivorus*
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 2. Eyes
multifacetted. Dorsum without wax pore-plates
…..2
2
SIPH dark with a subapical zone of
polygonal reticulation. ANT wholly dark
…..Sitobion avenae
–
SIPH pale or dark, without subapical polygonal
reticulation. ANT not wholly dark, at least paler on basal part of III
…..3
3
Head smooth, with ANT tubercles undeveloped or weakly developed
…..4
–
Head spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles
…..8
4
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal
width in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1-6 all with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Dysaphis allii*
–
Cauda tongue-shaped, clearly longer than its basal
width. MTu absent or only regularly present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..5
5
SIPH cylindrical for most of length, with slight
distal swelling and a smooth, constricted region just proximal to flange.
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spicules arranged in polygons, each polygon
enclosing 1-3 central spicules
…..6
–
SIPH tapering with no trace of swelling and no
subapical constriction. Dorsal cuticle without a pattern of spicules arranged
in polygons
…..7
6
ANT usually 5-segmented with longest hairs on ANT
III 3-5 × BD III, and PT conspicuously curved. ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs
…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
–
ANT usually 6-segmented with longest hairs on ANT
III shorter than BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 2 (-4) hairs
…..Rhopalosiphum padi
7
Dorsum with dark markings, especially dark bands
on ABD TERG 7 and 8. SIPH and cauda both black, cauda with 11-19 hairs
…..Aphis fabae
–
Dorsal abdomen without any clearly defined dark markings. SIPH dark, cauda paler with 4-8 hairs
…..Aphis gossypii
8
SIPH tapering/cylindrical, without any trace of swelling, and with a well-developed
flange. ANT III with (0-)1-3 small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH slightly to distinctly swollen on distal
half, and with a small flange. ANT III
without rhinaria
…..9
9
SIPH longer than ANT III
…..Myzus persicae
–
SIPH shorter than ANT III
…..10
10
Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately
parallel in dorsal view, or only slightly converging apically
…..11
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles clearly convergent in
dorsal view
…..12
11
ANT
I and II and distal parts of femora pale. “Stem” of SIPH narrow,
its minimum diameter slightly less than diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint. (Al. with wing
veins not black-bordered)
…..Myzus ascalonicus
–
ANT
I and II and distal parts of femora black. Minimum diameter of
“stem” of SIPH greater than diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint.
(Al. with black-bordered wing veins)
…..Neotoxoptera formosana
12
SIPH
with swollen part only lightly imbricated and with apical flange well
developed. (Al. with dark-bordered wing veins, and with a black central
dorsal abdominal patch)
…..Neotoxoptera oliveri
–
SIPH with swollen part scabrous
(coarsely imbricated), and with apical flange only weakly developed. (Al.
with wing veins not black-bordered, and with separate transverse bars on
abdominal tergites)