Dorsum of aptera without spinules, or with spinules only on marginal areas of thorax and ABD TERG 1-2
…..11
11
Antennae of aptera 5- or 6-segmented, of alata 6-segmented.Dorsal abdomen with ill-defined dark pigmentation leaving pale central area on ABD TERG 1-3. SIPH of aptera usually dusky/dark distally
Cauda with a constriction and a terminal knob. Body and appendages mainly pale, sometimes with dark markings
…..14
14
Head and pronotum with a longitudinal dark spinal stripe, and ABD TERG 1-7 each with paired dark dorsal spinal as well as marginal sclerites (fig. 35E). (Wings not maculate)
…..15
–
Head
and pronotum without a spinal longitudinal stripe. If ABD TERG 1-7 have a
complete set of paired dark dorsal sclerites then wings are strongly maculate
…..16
15
R IV with 4-10 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5-6 ventral hairs. Embryos with long hairs (55-70 μm) on ABD TERG 2
Anterior frontal hairs 30-38 um, longer than basal diameter of ANT III, pointed or slightly capitate (fig. 35D). ANT III-VI and tibiae often completely dark
Forewings with pigment extending between veins, or with veins at least heavily bordered with pigment. Abdomen broad and often with large dark marginal processes
…..21
–
Forewings
not pigmented between veins. Abdomen with or without smaller, pale marginal
processes
…..25
21
ANT III with 4-6 hairs, 1-2 × longer than basal diameter of segment
ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with a pair of quadrate spinal processes, as long as or longer than their basal widths (fig. 35G). Distal parts of hind femora dark
Spinal processes on ABD TERG 1-3 all similarly developed, finger-like, longer than their basal widths (fig.35I). Anteriorly directed hairs on front of head and ANT I-III long and capitate. SIPH pale
Spinal
processes only ever well-developed on ABD TERG 3, and then conical, shorter than
their basal widths. Hairs on front of head and ANT I-III short or very short,
and pointed. SIPH black except at bases
ABD TERG 8 with a
thin transverse band. Alata with pigmented (maculate) forewings and normal
pterostigma
…..29
29
Hind tibia with some of more distal hairs on ventral side very long and fine-pointed, at least 2-3 × longer than neighbouring short hairs (fig. 93D). Mesosternal processes always absent or weakly developed. (SIPH cones small and often pale)
Hind tibia with hairs on ventral side often longer
and finer distally, but not with some hairs 2-3 × longer than others.
Mesosternum of summer aptera usually with a pair of mammariform or
papilliform processes. (SIPH cones usually large and pigmented)
…..30
30
ANT/PT BASE 0.40-0.68, usually more than 0.5. Alata with forewing pigmented to base
Aptera with head, thorax and ABD TERG 1 fused as prosoma. Legs and antennae much reduced, often concealed beneath body. SIPH small or absent. Antennae of alata with narrow ring-like sensoria
…..2
–
Aptera of normal aphid form with well-developed legs
and antennae. SIPH evident, conical or tubular. Antennae of alata with
circular or oval sensoria
…..12
2
Aptera
without SIPH
…..3
–
Aptera with SIPH usually present as small pores or
cones
…..4
3
Tarsi and claws rudimentary; dorsum strongly
reticulated (fig.36A)
Dorsal cuticle of prosoma mainly smooth except for
areolation, pustules only present around thoracic spiracles. Prosomal hairs
long and thick with somewhat tuberculate bases. ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs
Dorsal cuticle of prosoma ornamented with numerous
raised pustules or translucent rounded or curved areas (figs 36B – E).
Prosomal hairs short or if long then fine. ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs
…..5
5
Abdominal plate (ABD TERG 2-7) distinctly separate
from prosoma (e.g. fig. 36B).
ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs
…..6
–
Abdominal plate fused with or not distinctly
separate fom prosoma, at least in median area
(fig. 36C). ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs
…..7
6
Pustules on prosoma
irregularly-shaped, angular, especially on marginal areas (Fig. 36A, B).
Spinal and marginal hairs of prosoma longer, but not thicker or stiffer, than
scattered dorsal hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs
Pustules on prosoma
smaller and oval or rounded. Spinal and submarginal hairs of prosoma
distinctly thicker and stiffer as well as longer than scattered dorsal hairs.
ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs
Prosoma if pustulate then the pustules are low, all
or mostly shorter than their basal widths (fig. 36).
Prosomal hairs long or short
…..8
8
ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs. Prosoma dorsally ornamented with densely packed, evenly distributed, rather uniform-sized, circular or oval pustules (fig. 36C)
…..Metanipponaphis spp.
–
ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Prosoma with polygonal,
angular or irregular dorsal
ornamentation; if pustulate, then the pustules are of irregular size and
shape
…..9
9
Prosoma strongly convex dorsally, with irregular
translucent branched or curved ornament-ation
(fig. 36D).
ABD TERG 8 with 6 hairs
Abdomen
bearing a large rounded tubercle on ABD TERG 4, its base about as broad as
that of SIPH cones (and another much smaller and flatter tubercle on ABD TERG
5)
Longest hairs on ANT III 2.0-2.25 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on large hairy cones which are about 3.4- 5.3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II
Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.67-1.4 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on small hairy cones which
are 2-3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 0.74-1.05 × HT II
…..30
30
Longest hairson ANT III
0.67-0.85 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V 0.74-0.82 × HT II. Forewing of
alata with large clear areas between media and cubitus veins, and between Cu1b
and base of wing
SIPH imbricated or with rows of spinules. If head smooth then cauda tongue-shaped
…..6
6
SIPH imbricated and at least 0.1 × BL. Head
smooth. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu), which are absent from
or only sporadically present on 2-5
Dorsum with at least some dark pigmentation.
Cauda and SIPH equally dark
…..9
9
ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu.
Dorsal pigmentation when extensive fused between segments to form a shield.
ABD TERG 8 with only 2 hairs about equal in length to or shorter than ANT BD
III. Longest hairs on hind femur shorter than trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis
sp. (Turkey, BMNH collection)
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.1-4.1 (if less than 2.4 then ABD
TERG 2-4 with MTu). Dorsal pigmentation consisting of segmentally-arranged
cross-bands, not fused between segments. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs much
longer than ANT BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur much longer than
trochantro-femoral suture
…..10
10
ABD TERG 2-4 regularly with large papillate
MTu. R IV+V 0.17-0.18 mm, 1.2-1.5 × HT II. ANT
PT 1.7-1.9 × R IV+V
…..Aphis
sp. (England, BMNH collection)
–
ABD TERG 2-4 irregularly with small MTu. R IV+V
0.12-0.165 mm, 0.9-1.1 × HT II. ANT PT 2.0-2.8 × R IV+V
ANT
tubercles weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.8. SIPH and cauda dark. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
…..2
–
ANT
tubercles well developed. ANT PT/BASE longer. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles
…..3
2
Marginal tuberclessmall and only present on ABD TERG 1
and 7. Dorsal abdomen with large black presiphuncular sclerites, often linked
by a transverse sclerite on ABD TERG 6
SIPH very long and
thin, 2.2-3.1 × cauda; narrow in middle, with distal part dusky and somewhat
swollen, narrowing again before apex, with usually some subapical
reticulation
ABD TERG 1-6 without any extensive dark
sclerotisation
…..7
7
Dorsal length of HT I 0.045-0.060 mm, 1.0-1.12
times longer than basal width. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 7 are 0.090-0.144
mm, and on hind tibia 0.096-0.132 mm
Dorsal length of HT I
0.060-0.090 mm, 1.2-1.7 times longer than basal width. Longest hairs on ABD
TERG 7 are 0.162-0.240 mm, and on hind tibia 0.156-0.240 mm
…..8
8
Femora and tibiae mainly pale on basal halves. R
IV 2.0-2.5 × R V. ANT V 1.2-1.4 × ANT
VI
(The separation of Shivaphis spp. in couplets
6-10 is largely based on Quednau 2003.)
1
ANT PT/BASE more than 1
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 1
…..3
2
Head
with well-developed, scabrous, apically convergent antennal tubercles. SIPH
cylindrical with a well-developed flange and 2-4 subapical rows of polygonal
reticulation
…..go tokey to polyphagous aphids, but note that populations running to Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii may be A. (T.) celtis (described as having alatae with 3-4 rhinaria on ANT IV)
3
(Alata emerging in spring from galls or leaf-nests.)
Media of forewing unbranched
…..4
–
(Apterae and alatae free-living.) Media of forewing
of alata once- or twice-branched
…..5
4
(Alata from closed gall.) BL less than 3 mm. Hind wing with one oblique vein. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III-VI, many of them almost completely encircling
(Alata from leaf-nest.) BL more than 4 mm. Hind wing
with 2 oblique veins arising from a common base. Secondary rhinaria on ANT
III-V (not VI), narrowly transverse but not
extending more than half way around segment
Antenna 4-segmented in aptera, 5-segmented in alata
(where known). Posterior abdomen with marginal processes. SIPH tubular,
swollen, constricted apically, and with a subapical ring of 4 hairs (fig. 38A)
Antenna 6-segmented. Abdomen without marginal
processes. SIPH are pores, very small cones, or truncate, without a ring of
hairs
…..7
7
Forewing of alata with the membrane between media
and Cu1a not bridged by a band of pigment. ANT PT very short,
about 3 times as long as wide or less. Apterous viviparae as well as alatae
present
…..8
–
Forewing
of alata with the membrane between media and Cu1a bridged by a
band of pigment. ANT PT short, but at least 6 × longer than its maximum
width. All adult viviparae are alate
…..9
8
Apical part of cauda a rounded knob (fig. 38B).
ANT III of alata with rhinaria in a line extending over most of length of segment.
Fore coxae weakly enlarged, not visible from above at sides of pronotum
Apical part of cauda finger-like, rather irregular
in shape (fig. 38C). Alata with secondary rhinaria concentrated on central
part of ANT III. Fore coxae strongly enlarged, visible from above at sides of
pronotum
SIPH as truncate cones about as long as their
midlength width (fig. 38D).
Membrane between media and Cu1a of
forewing bridged by a band of pigment that is broader than long. Dorsal
abdomen with a complete series of spinal wax pore plates
…..10
–
SIPH as
very short cones, much shorter than wide, or merely as raised pores (figs
38E, F). Membrane between media and Cu1a of forewing with a bridging band of pigment that is not broader
than long. Dorsal abdomen with spinal wax pore plates only well developed on
ABD TERG 1, 2 and 8
…..11
10
ANT PT/BASE0.64-0.79. R IV+V 0.155-0.163 mm long, 1.04-1.17 × HT II, and bearing 11-15 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae spiculose
ANT V BASE and R
IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 × width of head between
antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much shorter than III
ANT V BASE and R
IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between antennal
bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III
SIPH
1.4-2.2 × the dark cauda which bears 12-30 hairs
…..15
15
Tibiae
wholly dark. Hind femora with basal half pale and distal half dark, with a rather
sharp transition between. ANT III with 16-54 rhinaria often confined to basal
half (but up to 81 rhinaria extending
over 0.85 of ANT III in alatiform specimens with rudimentary ocelli occurring
when alatae are being produced in early summer). SIPH 1.4-1.8 × cauda
Tibiae
with paler middle section. Hind femora pale over either much less or clearly
more than half of length. ANT III with 28-86 rhinaria often extending over
more than half of length. SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda
…..16
16
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 ×
HT II. Femora mainly dark, only pale on basal 0.2-0.3 of length
Cauda
very broadly rounded, crescent-shaped, with length much less than half of its
basal width
…..18
–
Cauda
helmet-shaped, triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, with length more than
half of its basal width
…..22
18
SIPH
2.3-4.0 × HT II, with minimum width not greater than width of hind tibia at
midlength. Subgenital plate with 10-24 hairs on its anterior half
…..19
–
SIPH
usually 1.6-2.5 × HT II, with minimum width clearly greater than width of
hind tibia at midlength. Subgenital plate with 2-4 hairs on anterior half
…..21
19
Femoral
and trochantral hairs, and those on anterior abdominal sternites, short and
blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral suture
Femoral and trochantralhairs long and finely-pointed, maximally 0.7-1.05 × trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 0.50-0.58 × ANT PT. (Al. without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)
Femoral and
trochantral hairs short, mostly blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral
suture. SIPH 0.39-0.49 × ANT PT. (Al. with 2-6 secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)
Cauda
helmet-shaped or triangular, 0.7-1.35 × its basal width
…..23
–
Cauda
tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.4 × its basal width
…..28
23
ABD
TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu), larger than any MTu that
may be present on other abdominal segments. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent.
Cauda bluntly triangular, without any basal constriction
…..24
–
ABD TERG 1 and 7 either without MTu, or MTu are present in association with similar large flat MTu on most other abdominal segments, and commonly also with STu on head and ABD TERG 7-8. Cauda helmet-shaped or pentagonal, often somewhat constricted at base
…..26
24
SIPH as
short cones, clearly shorter than their basal widths and clearly shorter than
(about 0.6 ×) cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 thin and tapering
SIPH as short tubes, cylindrical or slightly
tapering, about as long as or longer than their basal widths and at least 0.7
× cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 quite large and broad-based
…..25
25
ANT
PT/BASE 0.7-1.2. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation variable but never with dark
cross-bands on all tergites
…..Protaphis terricola group (incl. alexandrae, centaurea, hartigi,
hyaleae and an undescribed species on Centaurea
rhenana in C Europe)
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.3. Dorsal abdominal
pigmentation variable but often comprising complete or fragmented dark
cross-bands on all tergites
Large, flat MTu present on most segments,
their diameters very much greater than that of spiracular apertures, which
are broadly reniform and contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2. STu
often present on head and ABD TERG 7-8
MTu and
STu only intermittently or rarely present and much smaller than spiracular
apertures, which are large and rounded and not contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2
…..27
27
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4
× cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II
Well-developed rounded marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG
2-5, as well as very large ones on 1 and 7. R IV+V about equal in length to
ANT III
…..Aphis
sp. (Italy, BMNH collection)
–
Papilliform
MTu absent or sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4; only ever consistently
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V much shorter than ANT III
…..29
29
SIPH 1.9-2.2 × the similarly dark cauda. Papilliform MTu usually
present on at least some of ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis
sp. (Sweden, BMNH collection)
–
SIPH 0.7-2.5 × cauda, but if more than 1.8 × then
either SIPH and cauda are both pale or cauda is distinctly paler than dark
SIPH, and MTu are rarely present on ABD TERG 2-4
…..30
30
Cauda black with 6-8 hairs, and dorsum pale with only a dusky band on
ABD TERG 8. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.95
…..Aphis sp. (Italy, BMNH collection)
–
Cauda pale or dark; if
black and with only 6-8 hairs then
dorsum has extensive black sclerotisation, R IV+V is 0.8-1.0 × HT II and ANT
PT/BASE 1.9-3.6
…..31
31
ANT tubercles well-developedwith
smooth, divergent inner faces. SIPH
without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..32
–
Without that combination of characters.If ANT tubercles are well-developed then either they are steep-sided and somewhat spiculose or scabrous, or SIPH have subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..33
32
Dorsal hairs thick and capitate, as long as ANT BD III or longer
ANT tubercles well-developed, their inner faces
steep-sided and slightly scabrous or spiculose. Head capsule without spicules
dorsally, but slightly spiculose ventrally. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria
near base. SIPH without polygonal reticulation
Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed, then either head is markedlyspinulose at least ventrally, with
inner faces of ANT tubercles markedly scabrous and parallel or apically convergent,
or SIPH have several rows of
subapical polygonal reticulation.ANT
III with 0-10 rhinaria
…..go to key to
polyphagous aphids (specimens
running to Aphis fabae could be A. magnopilosa Nevsky)
ANT
PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH as long as or longer than cauda
…..2
2
Head smooth, ANT
tubercles weakly developed, front of head straight or sinuous in dorsal view.
Large, domed marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7
Head scabrous/spinulose,
ANT tubercles well-developed, scabrous, their inner faces convergent. Small
MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 1-4, never on 7
…..3
3
SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical, more than 0.2 × BL and longer than ANT III
Head
not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..5
5
Abdomen without
any dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6, and without or with only a small
lightly-pigmented sclerites on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8
…..6
–
Abdomen with either a dark
dorsal shield or at least some scattered dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6,
following the polygonal pattern of reticulation of the cuticle, and usually
with dark transverse sclerites on ABD TERG 7 and 8
…..7
6
Cauda paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-7(-8)
hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs only 0.4-0.7 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture
Cauda as dark as SIPH, usually with a
midway constriction, and bearing 7-15 hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs more
than 0.8 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
Head black with well-developed ANT
tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and black,
0.3-0.45 × BL, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well developed then head
and SIPH are not black
…..2
2
Large
flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 (and
some-times on 6), and similar spinal tubercles (STu) on head, pronotum, ABD
TERG 1, 7 and 8. Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites
MTu
and STu if present then small and
tubercular and restricted to fewer segments. Dorsal abdomen with or without
dark sclerites
…..3
3
Dorsum
with extensive dark sclerotisation varying from an almost solid carapace to
broad cross-bands (the latter in small midsummer specimens). Longest hairs on
ANT III 1.8-2.8 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs and cauda with 12-20
hairs
Cauda
tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..11
11
SIPH with polygonal reticulation on
subapical 0.12-0.20 of length
…..12
–
SIPH
without any distinct zone of polygonal reticulation
…..13
12
Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near
apices (Fig.51a).
ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer
than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on
posterior margin
Femora pale or only
slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm,
usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on
anterior part
Dorsal
abdomen with dark sclerotisation, either as separate sclerites at base of
dorsal hairs or as more extensive bars or broken patches. ANT shorter than
BL, and ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dusky/dark, especially towards apices,
and slightly or distinctly swollen on distal half
…..14
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation. ANT longer than BL. ANT III usually with 1-3 rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical
…..15
14
SIPH
with very slight distal swelling, and 1.8-2.0 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with
separate rounded dark sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs
SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half, and 1.5-1.7
× cauda. Dorsal abdomen with variable but more extensive sclerotisation,
consisting of a broken spino-pleural patch or cross-bands
SIPH slightly to moderately swollen
distally. ANT III without rhinaria
…..17
17
SIPH
0.54-0.81 × ANT III
…..18
–
SIPH
0.82-1.34 × ANT III
…..19
18
Inner
faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost
smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at
midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled
Inner faces of ANT tubercles with
convergent apices. SIPH heavily imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part
of stem a little wider than hind tibia
at midlength. Dorsal cuticle scaly
ANT tubercles not apically convergent.
SIPH rather short and thick, dark, with width of narrowest part of stem more
than 0.13 of length. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.8
ANT tubercles apically convergent,
or with apically convergent processes. SIPH pale or dusky with narrowest part
of stem less than 0.13 of length. ANT always 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE
2.6-5.1
…..20
20
ANT
tubercles themselves rather low, but with scabrous processes extending
forward from ANT bases. SIPH weakly swollen subapically (over about distal
0.25). Dorsum with an evident reticulate pattern
ANT
tubercles broadly rounded, without forwardly-directed processes. SIPH
slightly to moderately swollen over about distal 0.5. Dorsum without a
reticulate pattern
…..21
21
R IV+V in most specimens with only one
pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of
function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25
except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm)
Inner faces of antennal tubercles parallel or
slightly divergent in dorsal view. ANT III of
aptera usually with 1-3 small rhinaria near base. Femora usually dark
apically. Alata without a black dorsal abdominal patch
BL less
than 3 mm. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Alata with pterostigma stopping short
of forewing tip
…..2
2
SIPH
short and dark, similar in length to the dark triangular cauda which bears
c.20 hairs. ANT PT/BASE slightly less than 2. Prothorax with a pair of very
large marginal tubercles. Alata with 2-5 (commonly only 2) secondary rhinaria
on basal part of ANT III
[Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum; Aphis cercocarpi; Illinoia gracilicornis]
C. parvifolius = C. montanus
Records
of aphids collected/and or described from Cercocarpus
in western USA are now thought to be based on a misidentification of another
rosaceous shrub genus, Holodiscus (Jensen
2021).
Cauda semi-circular or helmet-shaped,
shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Dorsum
with broad dark transverse bands, separate or partially fused between
tergites. ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dark,
without polygonal reticulation
…..2
–
Without
that combination of characters
…..3
2
Large, flat marginal tubercles (MTu), usually larger than spiracles, present on all thoracic segments and ABD TERG 1-7. SIPH about 2 × cauda, with a large flange
MTu only irregularly present and always
smaller than spiracles. SIPH very short, conical, similar in length to or
shorter than cauda, with an undeveloped or small flange
ANT
tubercles well developed, smooth, with inner faces divergent. ANT III with
1-20 rhinaria. SIPH long, mostly pale, with a darker or duskier subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation; about 2 × the long finger-like cauda
Abdomen with MTu at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7. SIPH and cauda not as above
…..12
12
SIPH slightly
swollen subapically and constricted before the well-developed flange. MTu on ABD
TERG 7 placed posteriodorsally to spiracle, and no larger than spiracular
aperture
SIPH
tapering from base to flange, which is only moderately developed. MTu on ABD
TERG 7 placed posterioventrally to spiracle, and usually larger than the
spiracular aperture
…..13
13
Stridulatory
apparatus present. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0
…..14
–
No stridulatory apparatus. ANT PT/BASE
less than 3.5
…..15
14
Longest hairs on ANT III 12-27 μm
long, 0.5-1.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 60 μm long,
less than 0.6 × HT II. Cauda with 10-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). BL often
less than 2 mm
Longest hairs on ANT III 29-64 μm long,
1.5-2.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 80-110 μm long, 0.7-1.0
× HT II. Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). BL usually more than 2
mm
SIPH and cauda both similarly dark, SIPH being 0.7-1.1 × cauda, which bears 7-17 hairs. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark markings
Spiracles large and rounded. Abdomen with
MTu irregularly present, always smaller than spiracular apertures. (Al.with
13-46 rhinaria on ANT III and 0-15 on IV)
Spiracles
reniform, not large. Abdomen with MTu on most segments, larger than
spiracular apertures. (Al. with ANT III and basal part of IV swollen with numerous large rhinaria;
40-60 on III and 18-30 on IV)
…..Dysaphis sp. (Japan; Stroyan, 1985 and
BMNH collection)
SIPH with a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles smooth, divergent,
bearing pointed hairs
…..13
–
SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles spiculose or scabrous,
steep-sided or apically convergent, bearing blunt hairs
…..14
13
Longest hair on
ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 µm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital
plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
Couplet for separating apterae of these two species:-
(Both species have
smooth head and SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation.)
–
R IV+V
1.5-1.8 × HT II. Median frontal tubercle developed similarly to ANT tuberclesso that front of head is W-shaped in
dorsal view.SIPH slightly
swollen, pale basally and dark distally. Cauda with 4-6 hairs
R IV+V
0.8-1.2 × HT II. Median frontal tubercle undeveloped, ANT tubercleswell developed, with divergent inner
faces.SIPH tapering/cylindrical,
pale or only dusky towards apices. Cauda with 8-12 hairs
…..Cinara (Cupressobium) spp. (use couplets 5-7 of key under Cupressus)
(N.B. Other aphids whose more normal hosts are Cedrus, Cupressus ot Tsuga may
occasionally colonise Chamaecyparis, so it may be advisable to look
also at the keys to aphids on those plants.)