Antennae 3-segmented (small insect, body pyriform,
broadest anteriorly
…..2
–
Antennae 5- or 6-segmented
…..3
2
Many dorsal tubercles present on head, thorax and
ABD TERG 1-6, decreasing in size and
number
posteriorly
…..Phylloxera castaneivora
–
Only
4 dorsal tubercles present, confined to head
…..Phylloxera castaneae
3
SIPH tubular, several times longer than
wide
…..4
–
SIPH truncate or broad, hairy
cones
…..12
4
Body of aptera with very long, branched, hair-bearing marginal processes (fig. 92A)
…..Cervaphis quercus
–
Body of aptera without hair-bearing
processes
…..5
5
SIPH without hairs. Antennal tubercles
well-developed, approx. parallel-sided in dorsal view (as in fig. 42J)
…..Pseudomegoura
magnoliae
–
SIPH with numerous long fine hairs. Antennal
tubercles undeveloped
…..6
6
SIPH of aptera reticulated either basally or over
much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B)
…..7
–
SIPH
of aptera without any reticulation. Cauda without a median papilla
…..9
7
SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over the
entire length, except for a small distal part with only spinules . BL 2.4-3.4
mm
…..Greenidea
magna*
–
SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL
1.3-2.6 mm
…..8
8
BL 1.3-2.2 mm. Head and legs mainly pale
…..Greenidea (Trichosiphum)
pallidipes*
–
BL 2.0-3.0 mm. Head and legs mainly dark
…..Greenidea
(Trichosiphum) kuwanai
9
SIPH of aptera more than 0.7 ×BL. Hind tibiae with transverse stridulatory ridges (as in fig. 27A)
…..Mollitrichosiphon
tenuicorpus
–
SIPH of aptera less than 0.7 × BL. Hind tibiae
without stridulatory ridges
…..10
10
Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse rows of minute
spinules
…..Eutrichosiphum
pasaniae
–
Dorsum of aptera
without spinules, or with spinules only on marginal areas of thorax and ABD
TERG 1-2
…..11
11
Antennae of aptera 5- or 6-segmented, of alata
6-segmented.Dorsal abdomen with ill-defined dark pigmentation leaving
pale central area on ABD TERG 1-3. SIPH of aptera usually dusky/dark distally
…..Eutrichosiphum
tattakanum
–
Antennae
5-segmented in alatae as well as apterae. SIPH of aptera evenly pale, paler
than the uniformly smoky dorsal abdomen
…..Eutrichosiphum
pallidum*
12
ANT PT/BASE about 1.0 or more. Anal plate divided by a median cleft into 2 lobes
…..13
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or less. Anal plate not bi-lobed
…..26
13
Cauda triangular, apically pointed, without a constriction (fig. 35A). Body and appendages almost entirely brown-black
…..Patchia virginiana
–
Cauda with a
constriction and a terminal knob. Body and appendages mainly pale,
sometimes with dark markings
…..14
14
14 Head and pronotum with a longitudinal dark spinal stripe, and ABD TERG 1-7 each with paired dark dorsal spinal as well as marginal sclerites (fig. 35E). (Wings not maculate)
…..15
–
Head
and pronotum without a spinal longitudinal stripe. If ABD TERG 1-7 have a
complete set of paired dark dorsal sclerites then wings are strongly maculate
…..16
15
R IV with 4-10 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5-6 ventral hairs. Embryos with long hairs (55-70 μm) on ABD TERG 2
…..Myzocallis castanicola (s. str.)
–
R
IV with 11-18 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 6-8 (usually 7)
ventral hairs. Embryos with hairs on ABD TERG 2 shorter (27-41 μm)
…..Myzocallis
castanicola ssp. leclanti
16
Tibiae mainly brown to black, or at least brown on
basal half. ANT PT/BASE more than 2.0
…..17
–
Tibiae mainly pale, sometimes dark apically. ANT
PT/BASE less than 2.0
…..20
17
Anterior frontal hairs of head long and finely
pointed, 2 or more × basal diameter of ANT III (fig.35B)
…..18
–
Anterior
frontal hairs less than 2 × basal diameter of ANT III, and sometimes with
capitate apices (figs 35C, D)
…..19
18
Tibiae and ANT III-VI uniformly black
…..Myzocallis castaneae
–
Tibiae
dark at base but with paler middle region. ANT IV, V and BASE VI each pale at
base and dark at apex
…..Myzocallistissoti
19
Anterior frontal hairs 7-15 um long, shorter than basal diameter of ANT III, and capitate
…..Myzocallis nanae
–
Anterior frontal hairs 30-38 um, longer than basal diameter of ANT III, pointed or slightly capitate (fig. 35D). ANT III-VI and tibiae often completely dark
…..Myzocallis castaneoides
20
Forewings with pigment extending between veins, or with veins at least heavily bordered with pigment. Abdomen broad and often with large dark marginal processes
…..21
–
Forewings
not pigmented between veins. Abdomen with or without smaller, pale marginal
processes
…..25
21
ANT III with 4-6 hairs, 1-2 × longer than basal diameter of segment
…..Tuberculatus margituberculatus
–
ANT III with 7 or more hairs, including anteriorly
directed long ones that are much more than 2 × basal
diameter of the segment
…..22
22
ANT III with 16 or more hairs. Marginal processes each with 1-6 transparent noduli (fig. 35F)
…..23
–
ANT III with less than 15 hairs. Marginal processes
without any transparent noduli
…..24
23
Head with 20-22dorsal hairs. Dorsal body
hairs thick, and spinal hairs on posterior tergites arise from tubercular
bases
…..Tuberculatus
ceroerythros*
–
Head with more than
40 dorsal hairs. Dorsal body hairs thin and spinal hairs on posterior
tergites not arising from tubercular bases
…..Tuberculatus
cereus
24
ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with a pair of quadrate spinal processes, as long as or longer than their basal widths (fig. 35G). Distal parts of hind femora dark
…..Tuberculatus castanocallis
–
Spinal processes on
ABD TERG 2 and 3 if developed then rounded, and shorter than their
basal widths (fig. 35H). Hind femora pale
…..Tuberculatus
kuricola
25
Spinal processes on ABD TERG 1-3 all similarly developed, finger-like, longer than their basal widths (fig.35I). Anteriorly directed hairs on front of head and ANT I-III long and capitate. SIPH pale
…..Tuberculatuscapitatus (ssp. intermedius)
–
Spinal
processes only ever well-developed on ABD TERG 3, and then conical, shorter than
their basal widths. Hairs on front of head and ANT I-III short or very short,
and pointed. SIPH black except at bases
…..Tuberculatus annulatus
26
BL less than 2 mm. Antennae 5-segmented. Cauda knobbed
…..Thelaxes suberi
–
BL more than 2.5 mm. Antennae 6-segmented. Cauda
broadly rounded
…..27
27
ABD TERG 8 unmarked or with only irregular pigment spots. Alata with pterostigma extending around tip of forewing
…..Longistigma caryae
–
ABD TERG 8 with a
thin transverse band. Alata with pigmented (maculate) forewings and normal
pterostigma
…..28
28
Hind tibia with some of more distal hairs on ventral side very long and fine-pointed, at least 2-3 × longer than neighbouring short hairs (fig. 93D). Mesosternal processes always absent or weakly developed. (SIPH cones small and often pale)
…..Lachnus longirostris
–
Hind tibia with hairs on ventral side often longer
and finer distally, but not with some hairs 2-3 × longer than others.
Mesosternum of summer aptera usually with a pair of mammariform or
papilliform processes. (SIPH cones usually large and pigmented)
…..29
29
ANT/PT BASE 0.40-0.68, usually more than 0.5. Alata with forewing pigmented to base
…..Lachnus tropicalis
–
ANT/PT
BASE 0.3-0.5. Alata with clear area at base of forewing
Aptera with head, thorax and ABD TERG 1 fused as prosoma. Legs and antennae much reduced, often concealed beneath body. SIPH small or absent. Antennae of alata with narrow ring-like sensoria
…..2
–
Aptera of normal aphid form with well-developed legs
and antennae. SIPH evident, conical or tubular. Antennae of alata with
circular or oval sensoria
…..12
2
Aptera
without SIPH
…..3
–
Aptera with SIPH usually present as small pores or
cones
…..4
3
Tarsi and claws rudimentary; dorsum strongly
reticulated (fig.36A)
…..Reticulaphis shiiae
–
Two-segmented tarsi and claws developed; dorsum without reticulation
…..Parathoracaphis
manipurensis
4
Dorsal cuticle of prosoma mainly smooth except for
areolation, pustules only present around thoracic spiracles. Prosomal hairs
long and thick with somewhat tuberculate bases. ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs
…..Schizoneuraphis querciphaga
–
Dorsal cuticle of prosoma ornamented with numerous
raised pustules or translucent rounded or curved areas (figs 36B – E).
Prosomal hairs short or if long then fine. ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs
…..5
5
Abdominal plate (ABD TERG 2-7) distinctly separate
from prosoma (e.g. fig. 36B).
ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs
…..6
–
Abdominal plate fused with or not distinctly
separate fom prosoma, at least in median area
(fig. 36C). ABD TERG 8 with 2-10 hairs
…..7
6
Pustules on prosoma
irregularly-shaped, angular, especially on marginal areas (Fig. 36A, B).
Spinal and marginal hairs of prosoma longer, but not thicker or stiffer, than
scattered dorsal hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs
…..
Neonipponaphis shiiae
–
Pustules on prosoma
smaller and oval or rounded. Spinal and submarginal hairs of prosoma
distinctly thicker and stiffer as well as longer than scattered dorsal hairs.
ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs
…..Neonipponaphis pustulosus*
7
Prosoma ornamented with blunt conical
nodules, often longer than their basal widths (fig. 91A).
Prosomal hairs very long and very fine
…..Nipponaphis
monzeni
–
Prosoma if pustulate then the pustules are low, all
or mostly shorter than their basal widths (fig. 36).
Prosomal hairs long or short
…..8
8
ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs. Prosoma dorsally ornamented with densely packed, evenly distributed, rather uniform-sized, circular or oval pustules (fig. 36C)
…..Metanipponaphis spp.
–
ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Prosoma with polygonal,
angular or irregular dorsal
ornamentation; if pustulate, then the pustules are of irregular size and
shape
…..9
9
Prosoma strongly convex dorsally, with irregular
translucent branched or curved ornament-ation
(fig. 36D).
ABD TERG 8 with 6 hairs
…..Lithoaphis shiiae
–
Prosoma somewhat flattened dorsally, with variable
pustulate or polygonal ornamentation (e.g. fig. 36E). ABD TERG 8 with 4 hairs
…..10
10
Prosomal hairs only 10-20 µm long, and those on ABD TERG 8 only 35-40 µm long
…..Nipponaphis brevipilosa
–
Prosomal hairs 40-125 µm long, and those on ABD TERG
8 65-160 µm long
…..11
11
Prosoma with only 6-7 hairs (2-3 spinal, 4 marginal)
on each thoracic tergite, and 4 hairs
(2 spinal, 2 marginal) on ABD TERG 1
…..Nipponaphis javanica
–
Prosomal hairs much more numerous; 30-70 per tergite
…..Nipponaphis multisetosa
12
SIPH tubular, bearing numerous long
hairs
…..13
–
SIPH as shallow hairy cones
…..27
13
SIPH of aptera with pale reticulation either basally
or over much of length. Cauda with a distinct median conical papilla (as in fig. 92B)
…..14
–
SIPH of aptera without any pale reticulation. Cauda
without a median papilla
…..17
14
SIPH of aptera with a spinulose reticulation over
the entire length, except for a small distal part with spinules only. BL
2.4-3.4 mm
…..Greenidea
magna*
–
SIPH with reticulation restricted to basal zone. BL
1.3-2.8 mm
…..15
15
Ventral abdomen with spinulosity confined to
marginal areas
…..Greenidea
pallidipes*
–
Mid-ventral area of abdomen evenly spinulose
…..16
16
R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × longer than HT II
…..Greenidea
okajimai
–
R IV+V 1.85-2.5 × longer than HT II
…..Greenidea
sikkimensis*
17
Hind tibiae with transverse (stridulatory?) ridges
(e.g. fig. 27A
)
…..18
–
Hind tibiae without transverse ridges
…..19
18
Antennae
5- or 6-segmented. SIPH of aptera less than 0.5 × BL
…..Mollitrichosiphum
niitakaensis
–
Antennae
6-segmented. SIPH of aptera 0.65 or more × BL
…..Mollitrichosiphum tenuicorpus
19
Longest
hairs on antennae and dorsum distinctly capitate (fig. 92C)
…..Allotrichosiphum
kashicola
–
Hairs on antennae and dorsum with
pointed, blunt, expanded or bifurcate apices, but never capitate
…..20
20
Dorsum of aptera without spinules, or with spinules
restricted to marginal areas
…..21
–
Dorsum of aptera with numerous irregular transverse
rows of minute spinules
…..26
21
Femora and basal parts of tibiae as dark as
or darker than body. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. First tarsal segments with 5
hairs
…..22
–
Femora and tibiae paler than body. ANT PT/BASE more
than 1. First tarsal segments with 7 hairs
…..23
22
R IV+V 1.7-2.0× HT II, which is 0.10-0.11
mm long. Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs much shorter than marginal hairs
…..Mesotrichosiphum pentaiarticulatum*
–
R IV+V 2.1-2.4× HT II, which is 0.08-0.09 mm long.
Mid-dorsal abdominal hairs similar in length to marginal hairs
….. Eutrichosiphum nigrum*
23
R IV+V 3.1-3.6× HT II
…..Eutrichosiphum
russellae
–
R IV+V 1.9-2.8× HT II
…..24
24
BL 1.2-1.7 mm.SIPH 0.19-0.22 × BL
…..Eutrichosiphum
pullum*
–
BL 1.9-2.9 mm. SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL
…..25
25
Dorsal abdomen with extensive(but variably pigmented)
sclerotisation. Marginal areas and venter of abdomen finely spiculose
…..Eutrichosiphum
tattakanum
–
Dorsal abdomen unsclerotised. Marginal areas an
venter of abdomen smooth
…..Eutrichosiphum kumaoni*
26
Aptera with R IV+V 1.5-1.7 × HT II, and SIPH longer
than maximum body width. SIPH of alata more than 1.5 × ANT III
…..Eutrichosiphum shiicola
–
Aptera with R IV+V 1.8-2.6 × HT II, and SIPH shorter
than maximum body width. SIPH of alata less than 1.5 × ANT III
…..27
27
Dorsum of aptera pale, SIPH mostly dark but pale at
base, and at least 0.7 × maximum body width
…..Eutrichosiphum sinense
–
Dorsum of aptera pale or dark brown, SIPH wholly
dark and 0.5-0.6 × maximum
body width
…..Eutrichosiphum pasaniae
28
Abdomen
bearing a large rounded tubercle on ABD TERG 4, its base about as broad as
that of SIPH cones (and another much smaller and flatter tubercle on ABD TERG
5)
…..Lachnus
sorini
–
Abdomen without a large tubercle on ABD TERG 4
…..29
29
Longest hairs on ANT III 2.0-2.25 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on large hairy cones which are about 3.4- 5.3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II
…..Lachnus shiicola
–
Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.67-1.4 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH on small hairy cones which
are 2-3 × longer than the diameter of the siphuncular pore. R IV+V 0.74-1.05 × HT II
…..30
30
Longest hairson ANT III
0.67-0.85 × basal diameter of segment. R IV+V 0.74-0.82 × HT II. Forewing of
alata with large clear areas between media and cubitus veins, and between Cu1b
and base of wing
…..Lachnus acutihirsutus
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.9-1.4 ×
basal diameter of segment. R IV+V
0.9-1.05 × HT II. Forewing of alata mostly pigmented with only small
clear areas
Aphis
sp. (Montana, USA; BMNH
collection, leg. D Hille
Ris Lambers);
Cedoaphis incognita (as Aphis chipetae Hottes);
[Macrosiphum sp.]; Nearctaphis
bakeri, kachena
Key to aphids on Castilleja:-
1
ANT (of apt.) with secondary rhinaria
…..2
–
ANT without secondary rhinaria
…..5
2
Head spiculose. SIPH 3-4 × cauda, which is
shorter than its basal width and bears more than 20 hairs
…..Cedoaphis incognita
–
Head not spiculose. SIPH 0.8-2.2 × cauda which is
much longer than its basal width and bears 5-12 hairs
…..3
3
SIPH 0.25-0.35 × BL, with a subapical zone
of polygonal reticulation
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH 0.06-0.22 × BL, without any polygonal
reticulation
…..4
4
R IV+V 1.7-2.5 × HT II, with 20-25 accessory
hairs. SIPH only weakly imbricated, 1.5-2.1 × cauda
…..Nasonovia sampsoni
–
R IV+V 1.0-1.5 × HT II, with 6-10 accessory
hairs. SIPH strongly imbricated, with rows of spinules on the imbrications;
0.8-1.3 × cauda
….. Nasonovia castelleiae
5
SIPH smooth, head smooth, cauda helmet-shaped
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
SIPH imbricated or with rows of spinules. If head smooth then cauda tongue-shaped
…..6
6
SIPH imbricated and at least 0.1 × BL. Head
smooth. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu), which are absent from
or only sporadically present on 2-5
ABD TERG 8 with a supracaudal process. SIPH
clavate. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.25
…..Cavariella
aegopodii
–
No supracaudal process. SIPH tapering. ANT
PT/BASE 1.8-5.5
…..2
2
Cauda not longer than its basal width
…..3
–
Cauda much longer than its basal width
…..4
3
SIPH dark. ANT III more than 2 × ANT V
…..Dysaphis crataegi aethusae
–
SIPH pale/dusky. ANT III about 1.1 × ANT V
…..Brachycaudus crassitibiae*
4
SIPH
and cauda mainly pale (SIPH often dark-tipped). Head spiculose, with ANT
tubercles well developed, their inner faces approximately parallel
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH dark, cauda pale, dusky or dark. Head not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly
developed
…..5
5
SIPH very small and flangeless, c.0.5 ×
cauda, with aperture slanted toward midline
…..Semiaphis
dauci
–
SIPH at least 0.6 × cauda, with an evident flange
…..6
6
SIPH at least somewhat swollen proximal to apex.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..7
–
SIPH tapering, without any trace of swelling. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
.….8
7
SIPH clavate, 0.9-1.4 ×
cauda and 1.6-2.8 × HT II
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
SIPH
thick on basal half and slightly swollen proximal to apex (fig. 41b), 0.6-0.8
× cauda and 0.9-1.3 × HT II
…..Hyadaphis coriandri
8
Dorsum without dark pigmentation . Cauda
pale or dusky, distinctly paler than SIPH
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Dorsum with at least some dark pigmentation.
Cauda and SIPH equally dark
…..9
9
ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. ABD TERG 2-4 without MTu.
Dorsal pigmentation when extensive fused between segments to form a shield.
ABD TERG 8 with only 2 hairs about equal in length to or shorter than ANT BD
III. Longest hairs on hind femur shorter than trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis
sp. (Turkey, BMNH collection)
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.1-4.1 (if less than 2.4 then ABD
TERG 2-4 with MTu). Dorsal pigmentation consisting of segmentally-arranged
cross-bands, not fused between segments. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs much
longer than ANT BD III. Longest hairs on hind femur much longer than
trochantro-femoral suture
…..10
10
ABD TERG 2-4 regularly with large papillate
MTu. R IV+V 0.17-0.18 mm, 1.2-1.5 × HT II. ANT
PT 1.7-1.9 × R IV+V
…..Aphis
sp. (England, BMNH collection)
– ABD TERG 2-4 irregularly with small MTu. R IV+V
0.12-0.165 mm, 0.9-1.1 × HT II. ANT PT 2.0-2.8 × R IV+V
ANT
tubercles weakly developed. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-2.8. SIPH and cauda dark. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
…..2
–
ANT
tubercles well developed. ANT PT/BASE longer. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles
…..3
2
Marginal tuberclessmall and only present on ABD TERG 1
and 7. Dorsal abdomen with large black presiphuncular sclerites, often linked
by a transverse sclerite on ABD TERG 6
……Aphis ceanothi
–
Marginal
tubercles broad, nearly flat and present on all of ABD TERG 1-7. Dorsal abdomen pale, without any
presiphuncular sclerites
……Aphis boydstoni
3
SIPH very long and
thin, 2.2-3.1 × cauda; narrow in middle, with distal part dusky and somewhat
swollen, narrowing again before apex, with usually some subapical
reticulation
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH long and tubular,
swollen distally
…..Illinoia
morrisoni
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH are broad hairy cones
…..2
2
R V short, flask-shaped, pointed only at tip, hardly
longer than its basal width (fig. 69B).
SIPH cones with few hairs, in 1-2 rings around pore
…..Schizolachnus
pineti
–
R V acutely pointed, dagger-shaped, usually twice or
more as long as its basal width (as in fig. 69A). SIPH cones large and dark
with numerous hairs
…..3
3
Antenna 5-segmented. Dorsal hairs of aptera
club-shaped, ornamented with numerous
barbules (fig.
37A)
…..Cinara laportei
–
Antenna 6-segmented. Dorsal hairs normal, pointed
…..4
4
Hairs on body and appendages short; those on ANT III
maximally about as long as basal
diameter of segment
…..Cinara curvipes
–
Hairs mostly long; longest hairs on ANT III
maximally more than 2 × basal diameter of
segment
…..5
5
Dorsal length of HT I shorter than basal width. BL
3.8-7.8 mm
…..Cinara
confinis
–
Dorsal
length of HT I as long as or longer than basal width (e.g. fig. 37B). BL 2.2-3.6 mm
…..6
6
ABD TERG 1-6 with an
extensive pattern of dark sclerotisation
…..Cinara deodarae*
–
ABD TERG 1-6 without any extensive dark
sclerotisation
…..7
7
Dorsal length of HT I 0.045-0.060 mm, 1.0-1.12
times longer than basal width. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 7 are 0.090-0.144
mm, and on hind tibia 0.096-0.132 mm
…..Cinara tellenica*
–
Dorsal length of HT I
0.060-0.090 mm, 1.2-1.7 times longer than basal width. Longest hairs on ABD
TERG 7 are 0.162-0.240 mm, and on hind tibia 0.156-0.240 mm
…..8
8
Femora and tibiae mainly pale on basal halves. R
IV 2.0-2.5 × R V. ANT V 1.2-1.4 × ANT
VI
…..Cinara cedri
–
Femora and tibiae mainly dark throughout. R IV 1.8-2.1 × R V. ANT V 1.0-1.2 × ANT VI
(The separation of Shivaphis spp. in couplets
6-10 is largely based on Quednau 2003.)
1
ANT PT/BASE more than 1
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE less than 1
…..3
2
Head
with well-developed, scabrous, apically convergent antennal tubercles. SIPH
cylindrical with a well-developed flange and 2-4 subapical rows of polygonal
reticulation
…..
Macromyzella celticola
–
Without that combination of characters
…..go tokey to polyphagous aphids, but note that populations running to Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii may be A. (T.) celtis (described as having alatae with 3-4 rhinaria on ANT IV)
3
(Alata emerging in spring from galls or leaf-nests.)
Media of forewing unbranched
…..4
–
(Apterae and alatae free-living.) Media of forewing
of alata once- or twice-branched
…..5
4
(Alata from closed gall.) BL less than 3 mm. Hind wing with one oblique vein. Secondary rhinaria on ANT III-VI, many of them almost completely encircling
…..Paracolopha morrisoni
–
(Alata from leaf-nest.) BL more than 4 mm. Hind wing
with 2 oblique veins arising from a common base. Secondary rhinaria on ANT
III-V (not VI), narrowly transverse but not
extending more than half way around segment
…..Prociphilus oriens
5
BL more than 4mm. Rostrum longer than body
…..Stomaphis
yanonis
–
BL less than 3 mm. Rostrum shorter than body
…..6
6
Antenna 4-segmented in aptera, 5-segmented in alata
(where known). Posterior abdomen with marginal processes. SIPH tubular,
swollen, constricted apically, and with a subapical ring of 4 hairs (fig. 38A)
…..Sumatraphis
celti
–
Antenna 6-segmented. Abdomen without marginal
processes. SIPH are pores, very small cones, or truncate, without a ring of
hairs
…..7
7
Forewing of alata with the membrane between media
and Cu1a not bridged by a band of pigment. ANT PT very short,
about 3 times as long as wide or less. Apterous viviparae as well as alatae
present
…..8
–
Forewing
of alata with the membrane between media and Cu1a bridged by a
band of pigment. ANT PT short, but at least 6 × longer than its maximum
width. All adult viviparae are alate
…..9
8
Apical part of cauda a rounded knob (fig. 38B).
ANT III of alata with rhinaria in a line extending over most of length of segment.
Fore coxae weakly enlarged, not visible from above at sides of pronotum
…..Shivaphis
catalpinari
–
Apical part of cauda finger-like, rather irregular
in shape (fig. 38C). Alata with secondary rhinaria concentrated on central
part of ANT III. Fore coxae strongly enlarged, visible from above at sides of
pronotum
…..Shivaphis
celti
9
SIPH as truncate cones about as long as their
midlength width (fig. 38D).
Membrane between media and Cu1a of
forewing bridged by a band of pigment that is broader than long. Dorsal
abdomen with a complete series of spinal wax pore plates
…..10
–
SIPH as
very short cones, much shorter than wide, or merely as raised pores (figs
38E, F). Membrane between media and Cu1a of forewing with a bridging band of pigment that is not broader
than long. Dorsal abdomen with spinal wax pore plates only well developed on
ABD TERG 1, 2 and 8
…..11
10
ANT PT/BASE0.64-0.79. R IV+V 0.155-0.163 mm long, 1.04-1.17 × HT II, and bearing 11-15 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae spiculose
…..Shivaphis (Sinishivaphis) hanzhouensis
–
ANT PT/BASE0.41-0.60. R IV+V 0.090-0.098 mm long, about 0.75 × HT II, and bearing 9-10 accessory hairs. Apices of tibiae smooth
Antennae
densely hairy; e.g. base of last antennal segment with more than 20 hairs
…..2
–
Antennae
less hairy; base of last antennal segment with less than 10 hairs
..…6
2
HT II
greatly elongated, more than 0.5 × hind tibia
……3
–
HT II
of normal length
…..5
3
SIPH
present as large pores on low pigmented cones. Most apterae alatiform, with
dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.6
…..4
–
SIPH
absent. Apterae without dark dorsal markings. ANT PT/BASE 0.14-0.3
…..Trama centaureae or Trama troglodytes
4
HT II0.72-0.87 × length of hind tibia.
Hind tibia 5.0-6.4 × ANT IV. R IV with 8-12 accessory (dorsal) hairs
….. Protrama radicis
–
HT II
0.50-0.70 × length of hind tibia. Hind tibia 6.5-9.2 × ANT IV. R IV with 6-8
accessory (dorsal) hairs
…..Protrama flavescens
5
ANT V BASE and R
IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 × width of head between
antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much shorter than III
.….Rectinasus buxtoni
–
ANT V BASE and R
IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between antennal
bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III
..…Smynthurodes betae
6
SIPH
dark with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 2-86 rhinaria
…..7
–
SIPH pale or dark,
if dark then without any polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria
….17
7
ANT III
with only 2-8 rhinaria on basal half. SIPH 0.9-1.3 × cauda. Crescent-shaped
antesiphuncular sclerites present
…..Macrosiphoniella staegeri
–
ANT III with 8-86 rhinaria.
SIPH 1.05-2.8 × cauda. Antesiphuncular sclerites present or absent
…..8
8
Dorsal
abdominal hairs all arising from pale tubercles
…..9
–
Dorsal
abdominal hairs all or mostly arising from dark scleroites
…..11
9
Hind
tibiae with extensive pale middle regions. Hind femora dappled pale and dark,
with a pale distal spot
…..Macrosiphoniella
iranica
–
Hind tibiae wholly
black. Hind femora black over distal 0.5 or more of length
…..10
10
Femora
pale over basal 0.3-0.5 of length
…..Macrosiphoniella riedeli
–
Femora pale over
only basal 0.1-0.2 of length
…..Macrosiphoniella papillata
11
Bases of SIPH
almost ringed by large semicircular presiphuncular, and less extensive
postsiphuncular, sclerites
…..Paczoskia obtecta
–
Presiphuncular sclerites
absent or fragmented
…..12
12
Coxae and cauda
pale. SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda, which bears 23-39 hairs
…..Uroleucon pepperi
–
Coxae
dark. Cauda pale or dark, but if pale then cauda bears 7-18 hairs
…..13
13
ANT I
bearing 10-15 hairs. SIPH pale in summer and dark in early spring, 2.0-3.0 ×
the pale cauda which bears 8-18 hairs
…..Uroleucon jaceicola (s. str.)
–
ANT I
bearing 6-8 hairs. SIPH 1.4-2.6 × cauda which is pale or dark, but if pale
bears 7-11 hairs
…..14
14
SIPH
1.8-2.6 × the pale cauda which bears 7-11 hairs
…..Uroleucon
mongolicum
–
SIPH
1.4-2.2 × the dark cauda which bears 12-30 hairs
…..15
15
Tibiae
wholly dark. Hind femora with basal half pale and distal half dark, with a rather
sharp transition between. ANT III with 16-54 rhinaria often confined to basal
half (but up to 81 rhinaria extending
over 0.85 of ANT III in alatiform specimens with rudimentary ocelli occurring
when alatae are being produced in early summer). SIPH 1.4-1.8 × cauda
…..Uroleucon jaceae
–
Tibiae
with paler middle section. Hind femora pale over either much less or clearly
more than half of length. ANT III with 28-86 rhinaria often extending over
more than half of length. SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda
…..16
16
R IV+V 1.1-1.4 ×
HT II. Femora mainly dark, only pale on basal 0.2-0.3 of length
…..Uroleucon compositae
–
R IV+V 1.6-2.0 ×
HT II. Femora pale over basal 0.67-0.75 of length
…..Uroleucon montanivorum
17
Cauda
very broadly rounded, crescent-shaped, with length much less than half of its
basal width
…..18
–
Cauda
helmet-shaped, triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, with length more than
half of its basal width
…..22
18
SIPH
2.3-4.0 × HT II, with minimum width not greater than width of hind tibia at
midlength. Subgenital plate with 10-24 hairs on its anterior half
…..19
–
SIPH
usually 1.6-2.5 × HT II, with minimum width clearly greater than width of
hind tibia at midlength. Subgenital plate with 2-4 hairs on anterior half
…..21
19
Femoral
and trochantral hairs, and those on anterior abdominal sternites, short and
blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral suture
…..Acaudinum centaureae
–
Femoral, trochantral and ventral body
hairs long, with finely pointed apices; not much shorter than
trochantro-femoral suture
…..20
20
HT II
0.136-0.177 mm, and SIPH 0.49-0.75 mm, the product of the two lengths (HT II
× SIPH) being 0.080-0.115
…..Acaudinum longisetosum
–
HT II 0.125-0.150 mm, and SIPH 0.34-0.53
mm, HT II × SIPH being 0.042-0.077
…..Acaudinum roumanicum
21
Femoral and trochantralhairs long and finely-pointed, maximally 0.7-1.05 × trochantro-femoral suture. SIPH 0.50-0.58 × ANT PT. (Al. without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Acaudinum beheni
–
Femoral and
trochantral hairs short, mostly blunt, maximally 0.4 × trochantro-femoral
suture. SIPH 0.39-0.49 × ANT PT. (Al. with 2-6 secondary rhinaria on ANT IV)
…..Acaudinum bulgaricum
22
Cauda
helmet-shaped or triangular, 0.7-1.35 × its basal width
…..23
–
Cauda
tongue- or finger-shaped, more than 1.4 × its basal width
…..28
23
ABD
TERG 1 and 7 always with marginal tubercles (MTu), larger than any MTu that
may be present on other abdominal segments. Spinal tubercles (STu) absent.
Cauda bluntly triangular, without any basal constriction
…..24
–
ABD TERG 1 and 7 either without MTu, or MTu are present in association with similar large flat MTu on most other abdominal segments, and commonly also with STu on head and ABD TERG 7-8. Cauda helmet-shaped or pentagonal, often somewhat constricted at base
…..26
24
SIPH as
short cones, clearly shorter than their basal widths and clearly shorter than
(about 0.6 ×) cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 thin and tapering
…..Xerobion
zoijae*
–
SIPH as short tubes, cylindrical or slightly
tapering, about as long as or longer than their basal widths and at least 0.7
× cauda. MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 quite large and broad-based
…..25
25
ANT
PT/BASE 0.7-1.2. Dorsal abdominal pigmentation variable but never with dark
cross-bands on all tergites
…..Protaphis terricola group (incl. alexandrae, centaurea, hartigi,
hyaleae and an undescribed species on Centaurea
rhenana in C Europe)
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.3. Dorsal abdominal
pigmentation variable but often comprising complete or fragmented dark
cross-bands on all tergites
…..Protaphis middletonii group
26
Large, flat MTu present on most segments,
their diameters very much greater than that of spiracular apertures, which
are broadly reniform and contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2. STu
often present on head and ABD TERG 7-8
…..Dysaphis centaureae
–
MTu and
STu only intermittently or rarely present and much smaller than spiracular
apertures, which are large and rounded and not contiguous on ABD TERG 1 and 2
…..27
27
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4
× cauda. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
cardui
–
Dorsum without dark markings. SIPH pale,
smooth-surfaced, 0.8-1.5 × cauda. ANT III 0.07-0.25 mm, 0.9-2.2 × HT II
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
28
Well-developed rounded marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG
2-5, as well as very large ones on 1 and 7. R IV+V about equal in length to
ANT III
…..Aphis
sp. (Italy, BMNH collection)
–
Papilliform
MTu absent or sporadically present on ABD TERG 2-4; only ever consistently
present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. R IV+V much shorter than ANT III
…..29
29
SIPH 1.9-2.2 × the similarly dark cauda. Papilliform MTu usually
present on at least some of ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis
sp. (Sweden, BMNH collection)
–
SIPH 0.7-2.5 × cauda, but if more than 1.8 × then
either SIPH and cauda are both pale or cauda is distinctly paler than dark
SIPH, and MTu are rarely present on ABD TERG 2-4
…..30
30
Cauda black with 6-8 hairs, and dorsum pale with only a dusky band on
ABD TERG 8. R IV+V 1.2-1.3 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 1.5-1.95
…..Aphis sp. (Italy, BMNH
collection)
–
Cauda pale or dark; if
black and with only 6-8 hairs then
dorsum has extensive black sclerotisation, R IV+V is 0.8-1.0 × HT II and ANT
PT/BASE 1.9-3.6
…..31
31
ANT tubercles well-developedwith
smooth, divergent inner faces. SIPH
without subapical polygonal reticulation
…..32
–
Without that combination of characters.If ANT tubercles are well-developed then either they are steep-sided and somewhat spiculose or scabrous, or SIPH have subapical polygonal
reticulation
…..33
32
Dorsal hairs thick and capitate, as long as ANT BD III or longer
…..Capitophorus elaeagni
–
Dorsal hairs small
and inconspicuous
…..
Acyrthosiphon ilka
33
ANT tubercles well-developed, their inner faces
steep-sided and slightly scabrous or spiculose. Head capsule without spicules
dorsally, but slightly spiculose ventrally. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria
near base. SIPH without polygonal reticulation
…..Aulacorthum
palustre
–
Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well-developed, then either head is markedlyspinulose at least ventrally, with
inner faces of ANT tubercles markedly scabrous and parallel or apically convergent,
or SIPH have several rows of
subapical polygonal reticulation.ANT
III with 0-10 rhinaria
ANT
PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH as long as or longer than cauda
…..2
2
Head smooth, ANT
tubercles weakly developed, front of head straight or sinuous in dorsal view.
Large, domed marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 1-5 and 7
…..Aphis gentianae
–
Head scabrous/spinulose,
ANT tubercles well-developed, scabrous, their inner faces convergent. Small
MTu irregularly present on ABD TERG 1-4, never on 7
…..3
3.
SIPH black, tapering/cylindrical, more than 0.2 × BL and longer than ANT III
…..Myzus erythraeae (= cerasi?)
–
SIPH pale/dusky,
slightly swollen on distal half, less than 0.2 × BL and shorter than ANT III
Head
not spiculose, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..5
5
Abdomen without
any dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6, and without or with only a small
lightly-pigmented sclerites on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8
…..6
–
Abdomen with either a dark
dorsal shield or at least some scattered dark markings on ABD TERG 1-6,
following the polygonal pattern of reticulation of the cuticle, and usually
with dark transverse sclerites on ABD TERG 7 and 8
…..7
6
Cauda paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-7(-8)
hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs only 0.4-0.7 × diameter of
trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda as dark as SIPH, usually with a
midway constriction, and bearing 7-15 hairs. Longest hind femoral hairs more
than 0.8 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
…..Aphis spiraecola
7
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid
black sclerite centred on ABD TERG 4-5. Cauda rather pointed and bearing 4-7
hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal
abdomen often with variably developed dark markings, but without an extensive
black sclerite. Cauda rounded apically and bearing 7-27 hairs
…..8
8
Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.5-0.9 × BD III. R IV+V 0.65-0.92 × HT II. SIPH 0.7-1.1 × cauda.
Femora pigmented throughout length
…..Aphis spiraephaga
–
Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.8-3.4 × BD III. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II. SIPH 0.8-1.9 ×
cauda. Femora with unpigmented section at base
Head black with well-developed ANT
tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and black,
0.3-0.45 × BL, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..Macrosiphum rosae
–
Without
that combination of characters. If ANT tubercles are well developed then head
and SIPH are not black
…..2
2
Large
flat marginal tubercles (MTu) present on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 (and
some-times on 6), and similar spinal tubercles (STu) on head, pronotum, ABD
TERG 1, 7 and 8. Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites
…..Dysaphis cephalarioides
–
MTu
and STu if present then small and
tubercular and restricted to fewer segments. Dorsal abdomen with or without
dark sclerites
…..3
3
Dorsum
with extensive dark sclerotisation varying from an almost solid carapace to
broad cross-bands (the latter in small midsummer specimens). Longest hairs on
ANT III 1.8-2.8 × BD III. ABD TERG 8 with 6-12 hairs and cauda with 12-20
hairs
ANT
PT/BASE more than 1.5. SIPH present, tubular (sometimes small)
…..3
2
Primary rhinaria ringed with short
hairs. Dorsal abdomen with wax pore plates
…..Thecabius cerastii
–
Primary rhinaria with sclerotic,
hairless rims. Dorsal abdomen without wax pore plates
…..Smynthurodes betae
3
Head
smooth or wrinkled, or with a few spicules on ventral side only
…..4
–
Head
densely spiculose or nodulose
…..16
4
SIPH
very small, less than 0.6 × cauda, conical or barrel-shaped, with flange
reduced or absent
…..5
–
SIPH
more than 0.7 × cauda
…..7
5
SIPH
much longer than their basal width, elongate barrel-shaped, about 0.5 ×
cauda, with a small flange and normal-sized aperture
…..Brachycolus cucubali
–
SIPH
shorter than or about as long as their basal width, less than 0.33 × cauda,
flangeless and with a reduced aperture
…..6
6
ABD
TERG 8 with a small rounded median process bearing two hairs. R IV+V at least
0.9 × HT II, and longer than ANT IV
…..Brachycolus cerastii
–
ABD TERG 8 without a median process.
R IV+V 0.55-0.72 × HT II, shorter than ANT IV
…..Brachycolus stellariae
7
ABD
TERG 1 and 7 (at least) with marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..8
–
ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
…..10
8
MTU
absent from ABD TERG 2-4, or only intermittently present and small on these
segments
…..Aphis fabae
–
Large MTu present on ABD TERG 2-4 as
well as 1 and 7
…..9
9
SIPH
uniformly dark, 2.1-3.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-2.9
…..Aphis
sambuci
–
SIPH paler at bases, less than 2 ×
cauda (?). ANT PT/BASE 3.2-3.6
…..Aphis cerastii*
10
Cauda
short, helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH with a subapical
annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
–
Cauda
tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..11
11
SIPH with polygonal reticulation on
subapical 0.12-0.20 of length
…..12
–
SIPH
without any distinct zone of polygonal reticulation
…..13
12
Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near
apices (Fig.51a).
ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 26-56 μm, usually as long as or longer
than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those on
posterior margin
…..Macrosiphum stellariae
–
Femora pale or only
slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 21-37 μm,
usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(-4) hairs on
anterior part
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
13
Dorsal
abdomen with dark sclerotisation, either as separate sclerites at base of
dorsal hairs or as more extensive bars or broken patches. ANT shorter than
BL, and ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dusky/dark, especially towards apices,
and slightly or distinctly swollen on distal half
…..14
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerotisation. ANT longer than BL. ANT III usually with 1-3 rhinaria near base. SIPH pale, tapering/cylindrical
…..15
14
SIPH
with very slight distal swelling, and 1.8-2.0 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with
separate rounded dark sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs
…..Aphidura corsicensis
–
SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half, and 1.5-1.7
× cauda. Dorsal abdomen with variable but more extensive sclerotisation,
consisting of a broken spino-pleural patch or cross-bands
…..Aphidura alatavica
15
SIPH
0.25-0.33 × BL, and 1.5-2.4 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon ilka
–
SIPH
0.11-0.17 × BL, and 0.85-1.33 × cauda
….. Acyrthosiphon auctum
16
SIPH
tapering gradually from base to flange. ANT III usually with 1-2 small
rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH slightly to moderately swollen
distally. ANT III without rhinaria
…..17
17
SIPH
0.54-0.81 × ANT III
…..18
–
SIPH
0.82-1.34 × ANT III
…..19
18
Inner
faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel in dorsal view. SIPH almost
smooth or weakly imbricated, with narrowest part of basal “stem” not wider than hind tibia at
midlength. Dorsal cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled
…..Myzus
ascalonicus
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles with
convergent apices. SIPH heavily imbricated or scabrous, with narrowest part
of stem a little wider than hind tibia
at midlength. Dorsal cuticle scaly
…..Myzus cymbalariae
19
ANT tubercles not apically convergent.
SIPH rather short and thick, dark, with width of narrowest part of stem more
than 0.13 of length. ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.8
…..Myzus polaris
–
ANT tubercles apically convergent,
or with apically convergent processes. SIPH pale or dusky with narrowest part
of stem less than 0.13 of length. ANT always 6-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE
2.6-5.1
…..20
20
ANT
tubercles themselves rather low, but with scabrous processes extending
forward from ANT bases. SIPH weakly swollen subapically (over about distal
0.25). Dorsum with an evident reticulate pattern
…..Abstrusomyzus phloxae
–
ANT
tubercles broadly rounded, without forwardly-directed processes. SIPH
slightly to moderately swollen over about distal 0.5. Dorsum without a
reticulate pattern
…..21
21
R IV+V in most specimens with only one
pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). Value of
function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25
except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm)
…..Myzus persicae
–
R
IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs. Value of
function CAUDA/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than 1.25)
…..22
22
R
IV+V shorter than or about as long as (0.85-1.1 × ) ANT BASE VI
…..Myzus certus
–
R
IV+V usually longer than (1.0-1.2 × ) ANT BASE VI
Inner faces of antennal tubercles parallel or
slightly divergent in dorsal view. ANT III of
aptera usually with 1-3 small rhinaria near base. Femora usually dark
apically. Alata without a black dorsal abdominal patch
…..Aulacorthum
cercidiphylli
–
Inner
faces of antennal tubercles convergent in dorsal view. ANT III of aptera
never with
rhinaria. Alata with a black dorsal abdominal patch
BL more than 4 mm. ANT PT/BASE less than 1. Alata
with pterostigma extending around tip of forewing
…..Longistigma caryae
–
BL less
than 3 mm. ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5. Alata with pterostigma stopping short
of forewing tip
…..2
2
SIPH
short and dark, similar in length to the dark triangular cauda which bears
c.20 hairs. ANT PT/BASE slightly less than 2. Prothorax with a pair of very
large marginal tubercles. Alata with 2-5 (commonly only 2) secondary rhinaria
on basal part of ANT III
[Acyrthosiphon sp. nr pseudodirhodum; Aphis cercocarpi;
Illinoia gracilicornis]
C. parvifolius = C. montanus
Records
of aphids collected/and or described from Cercocarpus
in western USA are now thought to be based on a misidentification of another
rosaceous shrub genus, Holodiscus (Jensen
2021).
Cauda semi-circular or helmet-shaped,
shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Dorsum
with broad dark transverse bands, separate or partially fused between
tergites. ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH dark,
without polygonal reticulation
…..2
–
Without
that combination of characters
…..3
2.
Large, flat marginal tubercles (MTu), usually larger than spiracles, present on all thoracic segments and ABD TERG 1-7. SIPH about 2 × cauda, with a large flange
…..Brachycaudus bicolor
–
MTu only irregularly present and always
smaller than spiracles. SIPH very short, conical, similar in length to or
shorter than cauda, with an undeveloped or small flange
…..Brachycaudus cerinthis
3
ANT
tubercles well developed, smooth, with inner faces divergent. ANT III with
1-20 rhinaria. SIPH long, mostly pale, with a darker or duskier subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation; about 2 × the long finger-like cauda
SIPH with a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles very well developed.
ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. Body spindle-shaped
…..9
–
SIPH without
polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles weakly developed or absent. ANT III
without rhinaria. Body ovate
…..10
9
SIPH swollen on
distal half, proximal to reticulated part. Hairs on ANT III all less than 0.4
× BD III
…..Illinoia macgillivrayae
–
SIPH
cylindrical on distal half (sometimes with some constriction of reticulated
part). Hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
10
Cauda
tongue- or finger-shaped, clearly longer than its basal width. (Al. without a
blackdorsal abdominal patch)
.….11
–
Cauda
short, helmet-shaped or triangular, not longer than its basal width in dorsal
view. (Al. with an extensive black dorsal abdominal patch)
…..20
11
Abdomen without
any marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH thin and cylindrical with a small flange,
1.1-1.3 × the very thick cauda which bears 6-7 hairs
…..Schizaphis chaenometicola
–
Abdomen with MTu at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7. SIPH and cauda not as above
…..12
12
SIPH slightly
swollen subapically and constricted before the well-developed flange. MTu on ABD
TERG 7 placed posteriodorsally to spiracle, and no larger than spiracular
aperture
…..Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae
–
SIPH
tapering from base to flange, which is only moderately developed. MTu on ABD
TERG 7 placed posterioventrally to spiracle, and usually larger than the
spiracular aperture
…..13
13
Stridulatory
apparatus present. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-5.0
…..14
–
No stridulatory apparatus. ANT PT/BASE
less than 3.5
…..15
14
Longest hairs on ANT III 12-27 μm
long, 0.5-1.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 60 μm long,
less than 0.6 × HT II. Cauda with 10-26 hairs (rarely more than 20). BL often
less than 2 mm
…..Aphis
(Toxoptera) aurantii
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 29-64 μm long,
1.5-2.0 × BD III. Longest hairs on hind tibia up to 80-110 μm long, 0.7-1.0
× HT II. Cauda with 19-54 hairs (rarely less than 25). BL usually more than 2
mm
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus
15
Dorsal abdomen
almost wholly covered by an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda black and usually bearing 4-7 hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal
abdomen without an extensive solid black sclerite. Cauda if black then usually with more hairs
…..16
16
Femoral
hairs mostly much shorter than trochantro-femoral suture
…..17
–
Femoral
hairs long and fine, many exceeding length of trochantro-femoral suture
…..18
17
SIPH
1.3-2.5 × the pale or dusky cauda, which bears 4-8 hairs. R IV+V 1.1-1.4 × HT
II. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings
…..Aphis gossypii
–
SIPH and cauda both similarly dark, SIPH being 0.7-1.1 × cauda, which bears 7-17 hairs. R IV+V 0.7-0.9 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen usually with dark markings
…..Aphis spiraephaga
18
ABD
TERG 7 and 8 with dark transverse bands, and at least some dark spinopleural
markings on abdomen anterior to SIPH
…..Aphis fabae
–
No dark
dorsal abdominal markings
…..19
19
MTu
usually present on ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 10-19 hairs. R IV+V more than 120
mm
…..Aphis pomi
–
MTu
usually absent from ABD TERG 2-4. Cauda with 7-15 hairs (rarely more than
12). R IV+V less than 120 mm
…..Aphis spiraecola
20
Spiracles large and rounded. Abdomen with
MTu irregularly present, always smaller than spiracular apertures. (Al.with
13-46 rhinaria on ANT III and 0-15 on IV)
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Spiracles
reniform, not large. Abdomen with MTu on most segments, larger than
spiracular apertures. (Al. with ANT III and basal part of IV swollen with numerous large rhinaria;
40-60 on III and 18-30 on IV)
…..Dysaphis sp. (Japan; Stroyan, 1985 and
BMNH collection)
ABD TERG 8 with a
backwardly directed process above cauda
…..Cavariella spp. (use couplets 2-14 of
key to apterae on Angelica)
–
No
supracaudal process
…..2
2
ANT tubercles low
or absent
…..3
–
ANT
tubercles well developed, greatly exceeding height of middle of front of head
in dorsal view
…..12
3
SIPH
very short, only 0.4-0.6 × cauda, and flangeless
…..Semiaphis
anthrisci
–
SIPH
more than 0.8 × cauda, with a distinct flange
…..4
4
Cauda
helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..5
–
Cauda
tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width
…..8
5
ANT III
with short blunt hairs maximally12-13
mm long,
0.6-0.7 × BD III. R IV+V 1.5-1.6 × HT II
…..Dysaphis caucasica*
–
ANT III with pointed hairs maximally
22-74 mm long,
1.1-3.1 × BD III. R IV+V 1.1-1.35 × HT II
…..6
6
ABD
TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs (very rarely 7), and cauda with 4-5 hairs (rarely 6).
Marginal tubercles (MTu) usually absent from ABD TERG 6
…..Dysaphis chaerophyllina*
–
ABD TERG 8 with 5-16 hairs; if less than
8 then MTu are usually present on ABD TERG 6. Cauda with 4-13 hairs
…..7
7
Hairs
on ANT III are maximally 47-67 mm long, 2.1-3.1 × BD III
…..Dysaphis chaerophylli
–
Hairs
on ANT III are maximally 22-42 mm long, 1.1-1.9 × BD III
…..Dysaphis flava or brachycyclica
8
SIPH gradually
tapering, 0.8-2.1 × cauda, which bears 4-31 hairs
…..9
–
SIPH
swollen, 0.6-1.3 × cauda, which bears 5-7 hairs
…..11
9
Cauda
distinctly paler than SIPH, and bearing 4-8 hairs
…..Aphis
gossypii
–
Cauda
as dark as SIPH, and bearing 11-31 hairs
…..10
10
Caudawith
11-24 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5(-7) hairs. ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of
0-3 small MTu
…..Aphis fabae
–
Cauda with 20-31 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 5-12 hairs.ABD TERG 2-6 bearing a total of 5-9 often rather large MTu
…..Aphis brohmeri
11
SIPH clavate, 1.7-3.2 × R IV+V, 1.6-2.8 × HT
II and 0.9-1.3 × cauda
…..Hyadaphis foeniculi
–
SIPH swollen basally, 0.95-1.7 × R IV+V, 0.9-1.35 × HT II and 0.6-0.8 × cauda
…..Hyadaphis galaganiae (or coriandri)
12
SIPH with a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles smooth, divergent,
bearing pointed hairs
…..13
–
SIPH
without polygonal reticulation. ANT tubercles spiculose or scabrous,
steep-sided or apically convergent, bearing blunt hairs
…..14
13
Longest hair on
ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 µm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital
plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest
hair on ABD TERG 8 is 66-106 µm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital
plate with 2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs
…..Macrosiphum
gei
14
ANT III
usually with 1-2 rhinaria. Inner faces of ANT tubercles spiculose,
approximately parallel
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
ANT III without rhinaria. Inner faces of ANT tubercles scabrous, convergent apically
…..15
15
Dorsum with a pattern of dark
intersegmental ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. SIPH tapering, with a
slight “S”-curve
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsum
without dark intersegmental ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.7. SIPH slightly clavate
Couplet for separating apterae of these two species:-
(Both species have
smooth head and SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation.)
–
R IV+V
1.5-1.8 × HT II. Median frontal tubercle developed similarly to ANT tuberclesso that front of head is W-shaped in
dorsal view.SIPH slightly
swollen, pale basally and dark distally. Cauda with 4-6 hairs
…..Ericaphis voegtlini
–
R IV+V
0.8-1.2 × HT II. Median frontal tubercle undeveloped, ANT tubercleswell developed, with divergent inner
faces.SIPH tapering/cylindrical,
pale or only dusky towards apices. Cauda with 8-12 hairs
(N.B. Other aphids whose more normal hosts are Cedrus, Cupressus ot Tsuga may
occasionally colonise Chamaecyparis, so it may be advisable to look
also at the keys to aphids on those plants.)