HOST LISTS AND KEYS FOR EACH PLANT GENUS
(in alphabetical order)
Ast-Bes
| Aster | Asteraceae |
(In recent years ther have been some major changes in the generic concepts within Asteridae as a result of molecular and phylogenetic revisionary work by North American and European botanists. American asters are now mostly placed in the genus Symphyotrichum, and many Asiatic species are now placed in Galatella.)
| Aster adustus = Aster ageratoides | |
| A. ageratoides (incl. vars amplexifolius, ovatus, semiamplexicaulis) | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae; Uroleucon fuchuense, monticola, vera |
| A. alpinus | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Illinoia subviride |
| A. amellus | Brachycaudus helichrysi, [salicinae]; Uroleucon pachysiphon |
| A. bakerianus | Aphis gossypii |
| A. bellidiastrum | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| A. biflorus = Galatella sedifolia ssp. biflora | |
| A. bracei = Symphyotrichum tenuifolium | |
| A. canescens (Nees) Fisjun = Kalimeris altaica | |
| A. canescens Pursh = Dietaria canescens | |
| A. chinensis = Callistephus chinensis | |
| A. chromopappus = Galatella chromopappa | |
| A. conspicuus = Eurybia conspicua | |
| A. cordifolius = Symphyotrichum cordifolium | |
| A. dahuricus = Galatella dahurica | |
| A. diplostephioides | [Uroleucon raychaudhurii (Bhagat 1981b; nomen nudum)] |
| A. divaricatus = Eurybia divaricata | |
| A. dracunculoides = Galatella sedifolia ssp. dracunculoides | |
| A. drummondii = Symphyotrichum drummondii | |
| A. dumosus = Symphyotrichum dumosum | |
| A. emellus (= amellus?) | Myzus persicae |
| A. ericoides = Symphyotrichum ericoides | |
| A. exilis | Acyrthosiphon bidenticola; Aphis gossypii |
| A. fastigiatus | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae |
| A. foliaceus = Symphyotrichum foliaceum | |
| A. fruticosus = Felicia fruticosa | |
| A. geyeri = Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri | |
| A. glehnii | [Uroleucon mulgedii] |
| A. grimmii = Pseudolinosyris grimmii | |
| A. hayatae | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae |
| A. himalaicus | Uroleucon asterophagum |
| A. hispidus | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) davazhamci |
| A. incisus | Aleurodaphis asteris; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae; Myzus asteriae |
| A. incisus var. australis = Kalimeris incisa | |
| A. indicus = Kalimeris indica | |
| A. integrifolius = Eurybia integrifolia | |
| A. koraiensis | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae; Uroleucon asteriae |
| A. laevis = Symphyotrichum laeve | |
| A. lateriflorus = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum | |
| A. lautureana = Kalimeris lautureana | |
| A. leucanthemifolius = Dieteria canescens var. leucanthemifolia | |
| A. linosyris | Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) linariae; [Uroleucon sonchi] |
| A. maackii | Uroleucon amamianum, cichorii, [gobonis], lactucicola, monticola, picridis |
| A. macrophyllus = Eurybia macrophylla | |
| A. modestus = Canadanthus modestus | |
| A. mongolicus = Kalimeris mongolica | |
| A. multiflorus = Symphyotrichum ericoides | |
| A. mutabilis | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| A. novae-angliae = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | |
| A. novi-belgii = Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | |
| A. oleifolius = Galatella villosa | |
| A. paniculatus = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum | |
| A. patens = Symphyotrichum patens | |
| A. pilosus = Symphyotrichum pilosum | |
| A. pinnatifidus (= iinumae?) | Uroleucon amamianum |
| A. prenanthoides = Symphyotrichum prenanthoides | |
| A. punctatus = Galatella sedifolia | |
| A. puniceus = Symphyotrichum puniceum | |
| A. pygmaeus = Symphyotrichum pygmaeum | |
| A. sagittifolius = Symphyotrichum cordifolium | |
| A. savatieri (incl. var. pygmaeus) | Aleurodaphis asteris |
| A. scaber = Doellingeria scabra | |
| A. sedifolius = Galatella sedifolia | |
| A. simplex = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum | |
| A. simplex var. ramosissimus = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum | |
| A. sinensis | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| A. spathulifolius | Myzus asteriae, Myzus sp. (Korea, BMNH collection) |
| A. squamatus = Symphyotrichum squamatum | |
| A. subutatus (?) | Protaphis middletonii |
| A. tanacetifolius = Machaeranthera tanacetifolia | |
| A. tataricus (incl. var. hortensis) | Aphis spiraecola; [Capitophorus cirsiiphagus]; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) quinifontana, yomenae; [Metopolophium dirhodum]; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon asteromyzon |
| A. tradescantii = Symphyotrichum tradescantii | |
| A. trinervius | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
| A. tripolium = Tripolium pannonicum ssp. tripolium | |
| A. umbellatus = Doellingeria umbellata | |
| A. undulatus = Symphyotrichum undulatum | |
| A. yomena | Aleurodaphis asteris, blumeae; Aulacorthum asteris, solani; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae, [yomogicola]; Myzus asteriae, persicae |
| Aster spp. | Aphis astericola, aurantii; Aulacorthum asteris; [Brachycaudus sp. on Galatella sp. (Kadyrbekov 2002d)]; [Hyalomyzus mitchellensis]; [Illinoia grindeliae]; [Macrosiphoniellasanborni]; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) aktaschica, [yangi]; Macrosiphum pallidum; Myzus asterale, siegesbeckicola; Pemphigus [asteris Lichtenstein; nomen nudum], [betae]; Pleotrichophorus asterifoliae; Sitobion africanum; Uroleucon atripes, bradburyi, floricola, kamtshaticum, ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum, manitobense, nodulum, tenuitarsum |
Key to aphids on Aster, Eurybia, Dieteria, Doellingeria, Galatella, Kalimeris, Pseudolinosyris and Symphyotrichum:-
| 1 | Eyes composed of only 3 facets. ANT less than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE less than 1 | ..…2 |
| – | Eyes with many facets. ANT more than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 1 | ..…6 |
| 2 | Body elongate oval, small (BL less than 1.3 mm), sclerotic dorsally, with a crenulate margin due to a continuous fringe of wax glands. SIPH as pores with raised rims. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed | …..3 |
| – | Body broadly oval to almost globular, BL more than 1.5 mm, cuticle membranous, wax glands not in a continuous marginal row. SIPH absent. Cauda rounded, anal plate entire | …..4 |
| 3 | R IV+V elongate, 0.137-0.194 mm long, more than 3 × its basal width. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs | …..Aleurodaphis blumeae |
| – | R IV+V 0.074-0.104 mm long, less than 3 × its basal width. First tarsal segments with 2 hairs | …..Aleurodaphis asteris |
| 4 | R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long. shorter than last antennal segment (BASE + PT), and without any accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and first tarsal segments short and thick. Wax glands present on ABD TERG 3-7 | …..Pemphigus sp. |
| – | R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm long, as long as or longer than last antennal segment (BASE + PT), and bearing 4-12 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of hind tibiae and first tarsal segments long and fine. Wax glands present on head, thorax and abdomen, or absent | ..…5 |
| 5 | ANT II similar in length to ANT III, which bears numerous hairs. Primary rhinaria with sclerotized rims, without fimbriae. Wax glands absent. Anus in dorsal position, abdomen without a posterior projection | .….Smynthurodes betae |
| – | ANT II much shorter than ANT III, which bears few hairs, mainly on distal part. Primary rhinaria each with a fringe of fimbriae. Wax glands present on head, thorax and abdomen. Anus borne on posterior projection of the abdomen | ….. Prociphilus erigeronensis |
| 6 | SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation, forming at least 10 closed cells, and with a number of incomplete cells at its proximal boundary, which is therefore not clearly demarcated | .….7 |
| – | SIPH without such a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation; sometimes with transverse striae that have some tendency to form a reticulation, but this has less than 10 closed cells, or in one case (Acuticauda) with reticulation in a short membranous section that is clearly demarcated by an annular constriction | ..…60 |
| 7 | Conspicuous dark, crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present, but no large postsiphuncular sclerites (e.g. Fig.15a) | …..8 |
| – | Antesiphuncular sclerites faint, fragmented or absent; postsiphuncular sclerites present or absent | ..…18 |
| 8 | ANT III with 20-64 rhinaria distributed over more than half its length | …..9 |
| – | ANT III with 1-21 rhinaria restricted to basal half | .….11 |
| 9 | SIPH 0.13-0.14 × BL, 0.46-0.55 × ANT III and 0.7-0.9 × cauda. ANT VI BASE 1.6-1.9 × R IV+V | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) elegans* |
| – | SIPH 0.15-0.21 × BL, 0.6-0.9 × ANT III and 0.8-1.2 × cauda. ANT VI BASE 1.1-1.55 × R IV+V | …..10 |
| 10 | ABD TERG 1-4 with spinal hairs rarely duplicated (Fig.15b) | .….Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) linariae |
| – | ABD TERG 1-4 with spinal hairs (and their basal scleroites) almost always duplicated (Fig.15c) | .….Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae |
| 11 | R IV+V about 1.4-1.5 × HT II | ..…Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) bozhkoae* |
| – | R IV+V 0.5-1.0 × HT II | ..…12 |
| 12 | Tibiae mainly pale, dark apically and at extreme bases | …..13 |
| – | Tibiae mainly or entirely dark | …..14 |
| 13 | Cauda dark like SIPH | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) erigeronis ssp. villosae* |
| – | Cauda paler than SIPH | ..… Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) asteris |
| 14 | SIPH 1.25-1.40 × cauda | ….. Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) soosi |
| – | SIPH 0.8-1.1 × cauda | …..15 |
| 15 | ANT III with only 1-2 rhinaria | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) konyratica* |
| – | ANT III with 9-15 rhinaria | …..16 |
| 16 | ANT tubercles very poorly developed so that front of head is almost straight in dorsal view | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) argynica* |
| – | ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces divergent in dorsal view | …..17 |
| 17 | ANT III with 9-11 rhinaria. Cauda with 8 hairs. Small MTu often present on some or all of ABD TERG 2-5 | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) galatellae |
| – | ANT III with 12-15 rhinaria. Cauda with c.12 hairs. ABD TERG 2-5 without MTu | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) quinifontana* |
| 18 | ANT tubercles very poorly developed so that front of head is almost straight in dorsal view. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-4.0. SIPH 0.15-0.20 × BL | …..19 |
| – | ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces divergent in dorsal view, so that there is a deep frontal sinus. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-7.4. SIPH 0.14-0.55 × BL | …..20 |
| 19 | SIPH 0.95-1.25 × cauda, which is brown or dark brown, concolorous with distal half of SIPH | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) davazhamci |
| – | SIPH 1.27-1.32 × cauda, which is pale | …..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) aktaschica* |
| 20 | SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation extending over distal 0.15-0.5 of length, and comprising many small cells of maximum diameter less than 0.25 of width of SIPH at that point. Flange often weakly developed | …..21 |
| – | SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation extending over 0.03-0.2 of length, and comprising large cells, of maximum diameter more than 0.25 of width of SIPH at that point. Flange well developed | …..55 |
| 21 | Cauda much paler than distal part of SIPH | …..22 |
| – | Cauda almost as dark as distal part of SIPH | ..…50 |
| 22 | Coxae dark, clearly darker than trochanters and basal halves of femora | …..23 |
| – | Coxae pale like trochanters and basal halves of femora | …..25 |
| 23 | Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly not placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 0.73-0.88 × HT II | …..Uroleucon sonchi |
| – | Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 all or mostly placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II | …..24 |
| 24 | R IV+V 1.25-1.67 × ANT VI BASE and 1.17-1.33 × HT II. Cauda with 18-28 hairs | …..Uroleucon cichorii |
| – | R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × ANT VI BASE and 1.5-1.6 × HT II. Cauda with 30-37 hairs | …..Uroleucon doellingeriae* |
| 25 | SIPH dusky with darker apices, and 0.18-0.22 × BL | ..…Uroleucon bradburyi* |
| – | SIPH either entirely dark or mainly dark with a pale basal section; 0.16-0.55 × BL | .….26 |
| 26 | SIPH mainly dark but with a pale basal section | .….27 |
| – | SIPH uniformly pigmented | …..38 |
| 27 | ABD TERG 8 with a pair of spinal tubercles (STu), and ABD TERG 6 and 7 sometimes also with 1-2 STu. SIPH about 0.16-0.18 × BL, about equal in length to cauda | …..Uroleucon nodulum* |
| – | ABD TERG 6-8 without STu. SIPH 0.21-0.55 × BL and 0.9-2.5 × cauda | ….28 |
| 28 | SIPH 0.21-0.24 × BL, with pale section at base of SIPH less than 0.13 of total length | ..…29 |
| – | SIPH 0.22-0.55 × BL, with pale basal section often more than 0.16 of total length | …..30 |
| 29 | R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II | …..Uroleucon crepusisiphon |
| – | R IV+V 0.65-0.80 × HT II | …..Uroleucon manitobense |
| 30 | R IV+V 1.4-1.85 × HT II, and bearing more than 14 accessory hairs | …..31 |
| – | R IV+V 0.6-1.34 × HT II, and bearing 6-12 accessory hairs | …..32 |
| 31 | ANT III with 8-25 rhinaria. SIPH 1.5-2 × cauda | .….Uroleucon zymozionense |
| – | ANT III with 28-46 rhinaria. SIPH 1.1-1.4 × cauda | …..Uroleucon anomalae |
| 32 | SIPH (1.8-) 2.1-2.8 × cauda | ..…33 |
| – | SIPH 0.9-2.0 × cauda | ..…34 |
| 33 | Cauda with one or more hairs near apex that are short and blunt or capitate. Tibiae mainly pale or dusky with dark apices. (R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II) | ..…Uroleucon erigeronense |
| – | Cauda with all hairs pointed. Tibiae dark | …..Uroleucon katonkae |
| 34 | R IV+V 1.15-1.4 × HT II | …..35 |
| – | R IV+V 0.6-1.0 × HT II | …..36 |
| 35 | ANT dark beyond base of III. SIPH pale on basal 0.2-0.3. HT II without ventral hairs on proximal 0.5-0.7 of length, or these hairs very small or vestigeal | .….Uroleucon gravicorne |
| – | ANT entirely or at least distally pale. SIPH c.0.33 × BL and pale only on basal c.0.08. (HT II with normal chaetotaxy?) | …..Uroleucon vera* |
| 36 | R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II which is 0.19-0.22 mm long | …..Uroleucon tenuitarsus |
| – | R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II which is 0.14-0.17 mm long | .….37 |
| 37 | SIPH 1.4-2.0 × cauda which bears 7-12 hairs | …..Uroleucon breviscriptum |
| – | SIPH 0.9-1.4 × cauda which bears 10-19 hairs | …..Uroleucon macgillivrayae |
| 38 | SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda. Dorsal abdominal hairs long, pointed and rather numerous; ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs | .….Uroleucon monticola |
| – | SIPH 0.9-1.8 × cauda. Dorsal abdominal hairs pointed or blunt; ABD TERG 8 with 2-8 hairs | .….39 |
| 39 | R IV+V 1.6-1.9 × HT II, and bearing 17-24 accessory hairs. (ANT III with 10-30 rhinaria) | ..…Uroleucon astronomus |
| – | R IV+V 0.8-1.75 × HT II, and bearing 6-16 accessory hairs | …..40 |
| 40 | R IV+V 1.4-1.75 × HT II, and bearing 6-10 accessory hairs. ANT III with 25-63 rhinaria | …..41 |
| – | R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II, and bearing 6-16 accessory hairs. ANT III with 4-47 rhinaria | …..42 |
| 41 | ANT III black and longer than SIPH | …..Uroleucon picridis |
| – | ANT III pale and shorter than (less than 0.9 ×) SIPH | …..Uroleucon asteriae* |
| 42 | SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.35-0.4 of length. Tibiae entirely dark. ANT III with 13-47 rhinaria (usually more than 20) | .….Uroleucon atripes |
| – | SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.23-0.35 of length. Tibiae variably pigmented, but if entirely dark then ANT III has less than 20 rhinaria | .….43 |
| 43 | Hind tibia with a ventral row of short peg-like hairs. Dorsal abdominal hairs long and fine-pointed (longest more than 90 μm) | ..…Uroleucon fuchuense |
| – | Hind tibia without a row of short peg-like hairs. Dorsal abdominal hairs pointed or blunt, maximally c.70 μm long | .….44 |
| 44 | R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II | ..…45 |
| – | R IV+V 1.15-1.4 × HT II | …..48 |
| 45 | SIPH 0.9-1.0× cauda. ANT III with 6-17 rhinaria | …..Macrosiphoniella aizhanae* |
| – | SIPH more than 1.3× cauda. ANT III with 16-46 rhinaria | …..46 |
| 46 | SIPH c.1.8 × cauda. ANT III with 36-42 rhinaria | …..Uroleucon asteromyzon |
| – | SIPH 1.4-1.6 × cauda. ANT III with 16-39(-46)rhinaria | …..47 |
| 47 | Cauda with 15-29 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-4 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-0.6 × BD III | …..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae |
| – | Cauda with c.37 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.2 × BD III | …..Uroleucon kamtshaticum* |
| 48 | Tibiae entirely dark. ANT III with 4-16 rhinaria | .….Uroleucon paucosensoriatum |
| – | Tibiae with paler section on basal half. ANT III with 7-35 rhinaria | …..49 |
| 49 | SIPH usually longer than (0.95-1.25 ×) ANT III, and 0.29-0.35 × BL. Cauda with 21-36 hairs. ANT III with 7-17 rhinaria | ..…Uroleucon olivei |
| – | SIPH usually shorter than (0.7-1.05 ×) ANT III, and 0.21-0.29 × BL. Cauda with 12-27 hairs. ANT III with 8-35 rhinaria | .….Uroleucon ambrosiae lizerianum |
| 50 | Coxae pale, and femora only dark over distal 0.25 or less | …..Uroleucon floricola |
| – | Coxae dusky or dark, and femora dark over at least distal 0.3 | .….51 |
| 51 | Tibiae wholly dark. SIPH very thick, with apical diameter more than 0.5 of basal diameter | ..…Uroleucon pachysiphon |
| – | Tibiae with pale basal or middle section. SIPH tapering apically to less than 0.5 of basal diameter | …..52 |
| 52 | SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda, with reticulation extending over distal 0.33-0.4. ANT III with 17-32 rhinaria | .….Uroleucon amamianum |
| – | SIPH 1.35-2.7 × cauda, with reticulation on distal 0.15-0.33. ANT III with 11-19 or 48-c.70 rhinaria | ..…53 |
| 53 | ANT III with 11-19 rhinaria confined to basal half of segment. (Al. with 32-54 rhinaria on ANT III) | ….. Uroleucon lactucicola |
| – | ANT III with 47-c.70 rhinaria extending over 0.69-0.75 of its length. (Al. with more than 73 rhinaria on ANT III) | …..54 |
| 54 | SIPH 1.88-1.98 × cauda. ANT III with c.60-70 rhinaria | …..Uroleucon sileneobium* |
| – | SIPH 1.35-1.65 × cauda. ANT III with 47-65 rhinaria | …..Uroleucon asterophagum |
| 55 | SIPH entirely dark, or only pale at base | …..56 |
| – | SIPH pale or dusky, somewhat darker on reticulated subapical part | …..57 |
| 56 | Dorsal abdomen somewhat sclerotic, often with dark markings. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. tibiae mainly pale | .….Sitobion africanum |
| – | Dorsal abdomen membranous, pale. Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 × BD III. Tibiae mainly dark | ..…Macrosiphum pallidum |
| 57 | R IV+V 1.4-2.1 × HT II, with 14-45 accessory hairs | …..58 |
| – | R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II, with 7-10 accessory hairs | …..59 |
| 58 | R IV+V not more than 2 × its basal width, with 34-45 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT BASE VI 2.7-3.3 × HT II | ..…Macrosiphum olmsteadi |
| – | R IV+V more than 2 × its basal width, with 14-28 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. ANT BASE VI 1.4-1.7 × HT II | ..…Illinoia subviride |
| 59 | Hairs on ANT III very short and inconspicuous, the longest about 0.33 × BD III. SIPH clearly somewhat swollen proximal to reticulated subapical zone, which is only 0.03-0.05 of total length of SIPH | …..Illinoia goldamaryae |
| – | Hairs on ANT III conspicuous, the longest 0.5 × BD III or longer. SIPH cylindrical or very slightly swollen proximal to reticulated subapical zone, which is 0.13-0.2 of its total length | ..…Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| 60 | ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, with inner faces convergent, parallel or divergent, projecting considerably beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view | ..…61 |
| – | Front of head sinuous, straight or convex in dorsal view, with ANT tubercles absent or, if at all developed, then broadly divergent and not or hardly projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal view | …..75 |
| 61 | Head and inner face of ANT I spiculose/scabrous, and ANT tubercles rather low with inner faces broadly divergent. ANT III with 4-11 rhinaria on basal part. R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II. SIPH 2.5-3.2 × cauda. Tergum extensively scleotised | …..62 |
| – | If head and ANT I are both spiculose or scabrous then inner faces of ANT tubercles are steep-sided or apically convergent, ANT III has either 0-2 rhinaria near base or 4-12 distributed over most of its length, and other characters not in above combination | …..63 |
| 62 | ANT PT/BASE 6.3-6.9. R IV+V 1.4-1.5 × HT II. SIPH 2.5-2.8 × cauda | …..Chitinosiphum kalimeris* |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 7.0-8.6. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II. SIPH 2.7-3.2 × cauda | …..Chitinosiphum doellingeriae* |
| 63 | Cuticle of head almost smooth or with spicules only ventrally. Inner face of ANT I almost smooth | …..64 |
| – | Cuticle of head densely spiculose, nodulose or scabrous, dorsally as well as ventrally. Inner face of ANT I nodulose or scabrous | …..66 |
| 64 | ANT III with 17-29 rhinaria distributed along most of its length | …..Aulacorthum asteris |
| – | ANT III with 0-5 rhinaria on basal half | …..65 |
| 65 | Dorsal hairs with expanded apices. SIPH pale. Cauda conical, with 5 hairs. R IV+V shorter than HT II | ..…Pleotrichophorus asterifoliae |
| – | Dorsal hairs with blunt apices. SIPH dark except at base, with some ill-defined subapical reticulation. Cauda long and finger-like, with 6-7 hairs. R IV+V longer than HT II | ..…Acyrthosiphon bidenticola |
| 66 | Dorsal abdomen with a large, roughly horseshoe-shaped dark patch, and broad dark bars on dorsal thorax | .…. Neomyzus circumflexus |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without a large dark patch (in aptera) | ..…67 |
| 67 | Subgenital plate strongly produced posteriorly, broadly conical (Fig.15d). SIPH tapering from a broad base, narrow on distal half (Fig.15e) | .….Myzus siegesbeckicola |
| – | Subgenital plate normal. SIPH not tapering from a broad base, cylindrical or slightly to moderately swollen on distal half | …..68 |
| 68 | Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental markings | .….Myzus ornatus |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without intersegmental markings | ..…69 |
| 69 | SIPH tapering/cylindrical | …..70 |
| – | SIPH swollen on distal half | …..73 |
| 70 | ANT III with 4-12 secondary rhinaria distributed in a line over most of its length. ANT PT/BASE 5.4-7.2 | …..Aulacorthum asteriphagum* |
| – | ANT III with 0-3 small rhinaria near base. ANT PT/BASE c.2.7-5.5 | …..71 |
| 71 | ANT longer than body with ANT PT/BASE 4.0-5.5. ANT III with (0-)1-2(-3) small rhinaria near base | …..Aulacorthum solani |
| – | ANT shorter than body with ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.8. ANT III without rhinaria R IV+V c. 2.5 × HT II and bearing c.20 accessory hairs. ANT III without rhinaria | …..72 |
| 72 | R IV+V c. 2.5 × HT II and bearing c.20 accessory hairs | …..Myzus sp. (Korea, BMNH collection) |
| – | R IV+V 1.01-1.43 × HT II with c.8 accessory hairs | …..Myzus asterale* |
| 73 | Head and ANT I dusky to dark. R IV+V 1.7-2.1 × HT II. (Al. with broad dark bands along the wing veins) | ..…Neotoxoptera yasumatsui |
| – | Head and ANT I pale. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. (Al. with unbordered wing veins) | …..74 |
| 74 | SIPH 4-9 times longer than their minimum width, clearly shorter than head width across eyes (Fig.15f). ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.0 | …..Myzus asteriae |
| – | SIPH 9-15 times longer than their minimum width, as long as or longer than head width across eyes. ANT/PT BASE 2.8-5.1 | …..Myzus persicae |
| 75 | Tarsi completely absent from all legs | ..…Atarsos grindeliae |
| – | Tarsi present | …..76 |
| 76 | SIPH smooth, conical, less than twice as long as their basal width, usually with an annular incision proximal to the flange (e.g. Fig.15g). ANT tubercles completely undeveloped, so that front of head is convex in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without marginal tubercles (MTu) | ..…77 |
| – | SIPH imbricated and more than twice their basal width, with no subapical annular incision. ANT tubercles weakly developed, so that front of head has sinuous outline in dorsal view. MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…79 |
| 77 | SIPH shorter than their basal width. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu) | Xerobion ulytavicum* |
| – | SIPH longer than their basal width. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles | ..…78 |
| 78 | Cauda helmet-shaped, with all hairs long and fine-pointed | …..Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| – | Cauda broad at base, narrower on distal part, with an apical hair that is usually hooked or blunt (Fig.15h) | …..Acuticauda asterensis |
| 79 | Stridulatory apparatus present, consisting of a row of very short peg-like hairs on hind tibiae and a pattern of cuticular ridges on abdominal sternites 5-6 | .….Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| – | No stridulatory apparatus | ..…80 |
| 80 | Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black patch | .….Aphis craccivora |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without an extensive solid black patch; with or without segmentally divided or scattered black markings | .….81 |
| 81 | ANT III (in normal apt.) with 1-14 rhinaria. SIPH 0.7-1.2 × R IV+V. Dorsal abdomen with variable, often rather extensive, dark patches | …..Protaphis middletonii |
| – | ANT III without rhinaria (except in alatiform apt). SIPH more than 1.5 × R IV+V. Dorsal abdomen without or with a few scattered markings anterior to SIPH | ..…82 |
| 82 | SIPH 0.24-0.40 × BL, about twice as long as the much paler cauda. Head, ANT I, II and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of ANT | .….Aphis coreopsidis |
| – | SIPH only up to 0.2 × BL. Cauda pale or dark. Head and antennal segments differently pigmented | .….83 |
| 83 | Cauda dark with 4-6 hairs. Hind tibiae entirely dark | …..Aphis astericola* |
| – | Cauda either pale/dusky with 4-9 hairs, or dusky/dark with 7-27 hairs. Hind tibiae with at least middle section pale/dusky | ..…84 |
| 84 | ABD TERG 2-5 mostly bearing MTu. SIPH and cauda both dusky. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.9. Cauda with 5-9 hairs. (Al. with 1-6 rhinaria on ANT IV, and 0-2 on V) | ..…Aphis tripolii |
| – | ABD TERG 2-5 usually without MTu, sometimes with small ones on some segments. SIPH dark, cauda dark, dusky or pale. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. Cauda with 4-27 hairs. (Al. with 0-2 rhinaria on ANT IV, 0 on V) | .….for separation of the remaining polyphagous Aphis spp. (asclepiadis, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola), use relevant couplets in polyphagous aphids key |
| Asteriscus | Compositae |
| Asteriscus aquaticus | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Capitophorus inulae |
| A. graveolens | Brachyunguis harmalae; Myzus persicae |
| A. maritimus = Pallenis maritima | |
| A. spinosus | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Brachyunguis harmalae; Protaphis terricola |
| Asteriscus sp. | [Macrosiphum rosae] |
Key for apterae on Asteriscus:-
| 1 | Rather elongate spindle-shaped aphid with very long thin curved SIPH | ……2 |
| – | Oval-bodied aphid. SIPH not very long, thin and curved | ..…3 |
| 2 | Dorsal hairs thick and capitate. BL 1.2-1.8 mm. ANT PT/BASE 5.5-9.5 | …..Capitophorus inulae |
| – | Dorsal hairs inconspicuous. BL 2.5-3.5 mm. ANT PT/BASE 3-4 | …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii |
| 3 | ANT PT/BASE 0.4-1.4. SIPH 0.4-1.3 × cauda | …..4 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.7-5.3. SIPH 0.8-2.0 × cauda | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 4 | Head and coxae pale or dusky. ANT PT/BASE 0.4-0.75. SIPH pale, 0.4-0.7 × cauda, which is tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width | …..Brachyunguis harmalae |
| – | Head and coxae dark. ANT PT/BASE 0.7-1.4. SIPH dark, 0.4-1.3 × cauda, which is bluntly triangular, not longer than its basal width | …..Protaphis terricola |
| Astilbe | Saxifragaceae |
| Astilbe chinensis = A. rubra | |
| A. davidii = A. rubra | |
| A. longicarpa | Taiwanomyzus montanus |
| A. microphylla | Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae; Taiwanomyzus montanus |
| A. philippinensis | Taiwanomyzus montanus |
| A. rivularis | Taiwanomyzus [darjeelingensis], montanus |
| A. rubra | Aulacorthum solani; [Aphis astilbes Matsumura 1917 (nomen nudum)]; [Macrosiphum sorbi] |
| A. thunbergii (incl. var. congesta) | [Eriosoma astilbensis (Shinji 1939)]; Taiwanomyzus montanus |
| Astilbe spp. (and cultivars) | Aphis fabae, [Aphis sp. – Leonard 1973, 3]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
Key to aphids on Astilbe:-
| 1 | Dorsum with extensive dark sclerotisation. SIPH slightly to strongly swollen on distal half. Cauda with 5 hairs | …..2 |
| – | Without this combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 2 | ANT III with 3-26 rhinaria. SIPH black, dorsum with an extensive solid dark shield. SIPH widest at c.0.8-0.85 of length, where diameter is c.1.5 × that of narrowest part of stem. SIPH c.0.33 × BL | ….. Taiwanomyzus montanus |
| – | ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria. SIPH dusky, dorsum with segmentally-divided dark sclerites. SIPH widest at c. 0.6-0.7 of length, where diameter is c.2 × that of narrowest part of stem. SIPH c. 0.25 × BL | ….. Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae |
| Astomaea | Apiaceae |
| Astomaea seselifolia | Aphis fabae |
| Astracantha | Leguminosae |
| Astracantha adscendens | Brachyunguis skafi; Therioaphis pteromaculata |
| A. caucasica | Therioaphis astragali |
| A. gossypina | Aphis craccivora; Bicaudella astragalensis, rostrata; Brachyunguis skafi; |
| A. granatensis | Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. sicula | Aphis craccivora; Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. parrowiana | Brachyunguis skafi |
Use key to apterae under Astragalus.
| Astragalus | Leguminosae |
| Astragalus adscendens = Astracantha adscendens | |
| A. adsurgens | Aphis astragalicola, craccivora |
| A. albifrons (?) | Aphis fabae |
| A. alopecias | Aphis craccivora |
| A. alpinus | Acyrthosiphon kondoi, loti, pisum; Aphis astragali, [loti], masoni, polaris |
| A. arenarius | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora, tacita; Therioaphis trifolii ssp. ventromaculata |
| A. armatus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. asterias | Aphis craccivora |
| A. bisulcatus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. boeticus | Acyrthosiphon caraganae; Aphis craccivora |
| A. brachypus | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis craccivora |
| A. campylorrhynchus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. canadensis | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. canescens | Acyrthosiphon kondoi |
| A. caucasicus = Astracantha caucasica | |
| A. chinensis | Aphis craccivora |
| A. cicer | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis ciceri; Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. commixtus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. condoleanus (?) | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. danicus | Aphis astragalicola, craccivora |
| A. davuricus = Astragalus stevenianus | |
| A. ellipsoideus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. falcatus | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. flexus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. follicularis | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. forsskalii | Aphis craccivora |
| A. frigidus | Acyrthosiphon loti; Aphis astragali |
| A. fruticosus | Aphis astragali, craccae |
| A. glaucophyllus | Aphis fabae |
| A. globiceps | Aphis craccivora |
| A. glycyphyllos | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora, fabae |
| A. gossypinus = Astracantha gossypina | |
| A. granatensis = Astracantha granatensis | |
| A. granatensis ssp. siculus = Astracantha sicula | |
| A. hamosus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. harpilobus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. hypoglottis | [Acyrthosiphon parvum] |
| A. hyrcanus | Aphis craccivora, [cytisorum] |
| A. leucopsis = Astralagus trichopodus var. lonchus | |
| A. melanophrurius | Acyrthosiphon kondoi |
| A. melilotoides | Aphis astragalicola, craccae, craccivora |
| A. membranaceus | Acyrthosiphon kondoi; Aulacorthum solani |
| A. monspessulanus | Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. onobrychis | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora; Therioaphis trifolii, trifolii ssp. ventromaculata |
| A. parrowianus = Astracantha parrowiana | |
| A. paucijugus | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis craccivora |
| A. pectinatus | Aphis astragalina, gallowayi |
| A. pelecinus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. penduliflorus | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. polyphyllus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. pomonensis | Acyrthosiphon kondoi |
| A. propinquus | Acyrthosiphon loti |
| A. pseudosquarrosus = Astragalus squarrosus | |
| A. purpureus = Astragalus hypoglottis | |
| A. schelichowii | Acyrthosiphon extremiorientale, pisum; Aphis astragali, craccae |
| A. sempervirens | Aphis craccivora; Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. sesamoides | Aphis craccivora |
| A. sieversianus | Aphis solanella |
| A. sinicus | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora; Myzus persicae; Therioaphis trifolii |
| A. spinosus | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Brachyunguis harmalae |
| A. spruneri | Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. squarrosus | Therioaphis kermanica |
| A. steinbergianus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. stevenianus | Aphis astragalicola, craccivora |
| A. sulcatus | Aphis craccivora; Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| A. transiliensis = Astragalus ellipsoideus | |
| A. trichopodus var. lonchus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. turczaninowii | Aphis craccivora |
| A. uliginosus | Aphis astragali, craccae, craccivora |
| A. varius | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora |
| A. vesicarius | Acyrthosiphon pisum; Aphis craccivora; Aulacorthum solani |
| A. virgatus = Astragalus varius | |
| A. vulpinus | Aphis craccivora |
| A. xiphidium | Bicaudella astragalensis |
| A. xipholobus | Aphis craccivora |
| Astragalus spp. | Acyrthosiphon astragali, [ilka], umarovi; [Aphis pseudocomosa]; Bicaudella denaensis, farsiana, laurestanica; Brachyunguis [astragali Narzikulov and Umarov 1972 (nomen nudum)]; Microparsus tephrosiae; Therioaphis arnaultae, azerbaidjanica, khayami |
Key to aphids on Astragalus and Astracantha:-
(Couplets 1-13 are applicable to both apterae and alatae)
| 1 | Fore coxae greatly enlarged. SIPH in form of truncate cones. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed. Dorsal hairs usually with expanded apices, and/or often arising from tuberculate bases (Figs 16a-c) | .….2 |
| – | Fore coxae normal. Form of SIPH various. Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire. Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices, and never arising from tuberculate bases | ..…14 |
| 2 | Knob of cauda surmounted by a conical or finger-like process (e.g. Fig.16d-e) | …..3 |
| – | Knob of cauda without a conical or finger-like process (Fig.16f-g) | .….7 |
| 3 | SIPH black. Head and thorax with a black longitudinal spinal band, having a narrow unpigmented median suture. ABD TERG 1 with black pleural and marginal sclerites, and ABD TERG 2 with black marginal sclerites. ANT III of apt. with 2-4 secondary rhinaria . | .…Bicaudella denaensis |
| – | SIPH pale. Dorsum without such conspicuous black markings. ANT III of apt. without any rhinaria | ..…4 |
| 4 | Rostrum 0.31-0.40 × BL, with R IV+V 1.65-1.97 × HT II, and bearing 7-9 accessory hairs | …..Bicaudella rostrata |
| – | Rostrum 0.17-0.31 × BL, with R IV+V 0.74-1.42 × HT II and bearing 4-6 accessory hairs | .….5 |
| 5 | Front of head with median projection weakly developed and hairs not arising from clearly tuberculate bases (Fig.16a). R IV+V 1.23-1.42 × HT II | .….Bicaudella astragalensis |
| – | Front of head with a well developed median projection bearing hairs arising from tuberculate bases (Fig.16b, c). R IV+V 0.51-0.93 × HT II | …..6 |
| 6 | Caudal knob bearing a conical or finger-like process which is 60-80 μm long (Fig.16d). Median frontal projection quadrate, bearing hairs arising from low tuberculate bases (Fig.16b). Dorsal cuticle generally pale, with abdominal hairs arising from pale tuberculate bases. SIPH 1.8-2.4 times longer than their basal widths | ..…Bicaudella farsiana |
| – | Caudal knob with a small conical process 22-38 μm long (Fig.16e). Median frontal projection bearing hairs arising from large conical to cylindrical bases, longer than their basal widths (Fig.16c). Dorsal cuticle of head and thorax lightly pigmented, with a narrow unpigmented spinal suture, and dark rings of pigment around the bases of the dorsal abdominal hairs. SIPH 1.2-1.5 times longer than their basal widths | …..Bicaudella laurestanica |
| 7 | ABD TERG 1-5 each with 4-5 hairs, which are only 5-11 μm long | …..Therioaphis arnaultae |
| – | ABD TERG 1-5 each with 4-15 hairs which are 19-85 μm long | …..8 |
| 8 | ABD TERG 1-5 (of al.) each with only 4 hairs (one spinal pair and one marginal pair) | …..9 |
| – | ABD TERG 1-5 (apt. and al.) each with at least 6 hairs | …..10 |
| 9 | (Al.) Forewing with pterostigma more than twice as long as broad and mainly pale with thick black border. R IV+V 0.75-1.0 × HT II. ABD TERG 1-5 with hairs 40-60 μm long | …..Therioaphis astragali |
| – | (Al.) Forewing with pterostigma 1.8-2.0 × longer than broad and mainly black with small pale centre. R IV+V 0.57-0.68 × HT II. ABD TERG 1-5 with hairs 19-40 μm long | …..Therioaphis pteromaculata |
| 10 | ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs, or rarely, 3. ABD TERG 1-5 each usually with 6 hairs. Tibiae without any spiculose ornamentation. ANT PT/BASE 0.46-0.69 | ..…Therioaphis kermanica |
| – | ABD TERG 8 with 4-9 hairs. ABD TERG 1-5 mostly with more than 6 hairs. Tibiae ornamented with spicules at least distally. ANT/PT BASE 0.77-1.4 | .….11 |
| 11 | ANT PT 0.90-1.31 × R IV+V, which bears 8-10 accessory hairs. R IV+V 1.03-1.14 × HT II | .….Therioaphis azerbaidjanica |
| – | ANT PT more than 1.8 × R IV+V, which bears 3-6 accessory hairs. R IV+V 0.67-0.92 × HT II | ..…12 |
| 12 | Cauda less than 150 μm long, only 1.40-1.77 × R IV+V and 1.20-1.46 × HT II, with a subspherical apical knob that is about as long as wide and bears 7-9 hairs (Fig.16f). Dorsal hairs rather fine and not distinctly expanded apically. ANT III of apt. with 0-5 rhinaria | ..…Therioaphis khayami |
| – | Cauda 190-230 μm long, 2.26-2.45 × R IV+V and 1.56-1.78 × HT II, with a knob that is longer than wide and bears 11-16 hairs (Fig.16g). Dorsal hairs rather thick with distinctly expanded apices. ANT III of apt. with 4-10 rhinaria | .….13 |
| 13 | Ventral abdomen with large black submarginal sclerites, each encompassing the bases of 5-6 ventral hairs | …..Therioaphis trifolii ssp. ventromaculata |
| – | Ventral abdomen usually without any submarginal sclerites, sometimes with small or fragmented dusky-dark sclerites, each encompassing bases of 1-4 hairs | .….Therioaphis trifolii |
| 14 | Front of head with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces divergent, parallel or apically convergent. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH pale or dark and cauda pale or dusky. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings | ..…15 |
| – | ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. SIPH usually and cauda often black. Dorsal abdomen often with dark markings | ..…23 |
| 15 | SIPH 1.0-1.1 × cauda, and distinctly clavate | …..Microparsus tephrosiae |
| – | SIPH 1.2-3.3 × cauda; tapering, or cylindrical on distal part, or slightly clavate | .….16 |
| 16 | ANT BASE VI 1.8-3.0 × R IV+V. SIPH attenuate distally | …..17 |
| – | ANT BASE VI 1.1-1.7 × R IV+V. SIPH not attenuate distally | …..19 |
| 17 | SIPH 0.42-0.50 × BL and 2.2-3.5 × cauda | …..Acyrthosiphon gossypii (incl. umarovi) |
| – | SIPH 0.22-0.38 × BL, and 1.2-1.9 × cauda | …..18 |
| 18 | ANT and SIPH mainly dark. ANT III with 4-10 secondary rhinaria. ANT VI BASE 2.8-3.0 × R IV+V | …..Acyrthosiphon extremiorientale* |
| – | ANT and SIPH mainly pale. ANT III with 1-5 secondary rhinaria. ANT VI BASE 1.5-2.5 × R IV+V | ….. Acyrthosiphon pisum |
| 19 | Head spinulose. ANT tubercles with inner faces approximately parallel or apically convergent. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II | …..20 |
| – | Head smooth. ANT tubercles with inner faces divergent. R IV+V 0.75-0.92 × HT II | …..21 |
| 20 | ANT tubercles with inner faces approximately parallel. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, without any distal swelling. ANT III with 1-3 small rhinaria near base | …..Aulacorthum solani |
| – | ANT tubercles with inner faces apically convergent. SIPH slightly clavate. ANT III without rhinaria | …..Myzus persicae |
| 21 | Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 38-48 μm long, about equal to BD III. SIPH 2.0-2.6 × cauda | .…. Acyrthosiphon astragali |
| – | Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 15-36 μm long, 0.5-0.6 × BD III. SIPH 1.2-2.1 × cauda | .…. 22 |
| 22 | SIPH 1.6-2.1 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 4.1-6.0 | …..Acyrthosiphon kondoi |
| – | SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.2 | …..Acyrthosiphon loti |
| 23 | ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH pale and 0.57-0.91 × cauda | .….Brachyunguis skafi |
| – | ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH dark, 0.5-2.5 × cauda | …..24 |
| 24 | Well-developed, dome-like MTu present on all of ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5, as well as 1 and 7 (Fig.16h) | …..25 |
| – | MTu absent from, or only sporadically present, and usually small, on ABD TERG 2-5 | …..26 |
| 25 | ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. SIPH 1.6-2.1 × cauda. Hairs on ANT III short and blunt, shorter than BD III | …..Aphis astragalicola |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.1. SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda. Hairs on ANT III finely pointed, longer than BD III | …..Aphis ciceri |
| 26 | SIPH much darker than cauda. Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. Cauda with 4-8 hairs | Aphis gossypii |
| – | SIPH and cauda similarly dark. Dorsal abdomen with dark markings at least posteriorally. Cauda with 4-25 hairs | …..27 |
| 27 | Hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.75 × BD III. Dorsal abdomen usually with a solid black shield extending over all of ABD TERG 1-6. Cauda with 4-9 hairs | ..…Aphis craccivora |
| – | Hairs on ANT III 0.8-2.2 × BD III. Dorsal abdomen with scattered or segmentally-divided black markings, or with a variably developed or fragmented black shield that does not usually extend laterally to unite with marginal sclerites on ABD TERG 1-3. Cauda with 7-25 hairs | …..28 |
| 28 | SIPH almost always shorter than (0.5-1.1 ×) cauda, which bears 8-16 hairs | …..29 |
| – | SIPH usually longer than (0.8-1.9 ×) cauda, which bears 7-25 hairs | .….32 |
| 29 | Dorsal abdomen with solid black shield extending over middle parts of ABD TERG 1-3 or 1-4 and completely across ABD TERG 4-6 or 5-6. ANT PT/BASE (1.7-)1.9-2.4 | …..Aphis craccae |
| – | Dorsal abdominal sclerotisation variable but all tergites with at least some intersegmental division. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.9 (-2.0) | …..30 |
| 30 | SIPH 0.50-0.65 (-0.67) × cauda | …..Aphis masoni |
| – | SIPH (0.65-) 0.70-1.1 × cauda | …..31 |
| 31 | Dorsal abdomen with spino-pleural bars on ABD TERG 4-6 or 5-6, but ABD TERG 1-2 (-3) only ever with scattered small sclerites (Fig.16i). Cauda tongue-shaped, 0.23-0.33 mm | …..Aphis astragali |
| – | Dorsal abdomen variably but more evenly sclerotised. Cauda elongate triangular, 0.16-0.21 mm | …..Aphis polaris |
| 32 | ABD TERG 8 with a dark transverse band of even width that extends latero-ventrally, encircling the segment almost to the subgenital plate (Fig.16j) | ..…33 |
| – | ABD TERG 8 with a short dark transverse bar that is not extended latero-ventrally | …..34 |
| 33 | ANT III with 0-13 rhinaria in apt. R IV+V a little longer than HT II. Cauda with 8-15 hairs | .….Aphis gallowayi |
| – | ANT III without rhinaria in apt. R IV+V a little shorter than HT II. Cauda with 17-22 hairs | ..…Aphis astragalina |
| 34 | Cauda with 7-13 hairs (usually 7-9). Hairs on ABD TERG 3 very short, 7-17 μm long | .….Aphis tacita |
| – | Cauda with 11-25 hairs. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually more than 18 μm long | …..Aphis fabae (or solanella) |
| Astrantia | Apiaceae |
| Astrantia major | Aphis fabae |
| A. pontica | Myzus ornatus |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Astrocodon | Campanulaceae |
| Astrocodon kruhseanus = Campanula expansa |
| Astroloba | Asphodelaceae |
| Astroloba congesta | Aloephagus myersi |
| Astydamia | Apiaceae |
| Astydamia latifolia | Hyadaphis coriandri |
| Asyneuma | Campanulaceae |
| Asyneuma canescens | Uroleucon phyteumae |
| A. persicum | Uroleucon remaudierei |
| Asystasia | Acanthaceae |
| Asystasia coromandeliana = A. gangetica | |
| A. gangetica | Aphis gossypii |
| A. mysorensis | Aphis gossypii; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae |
| A. schimperi = A. mysorensis |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Atalantia | Rutaceae |
| Atalantia buxifolia | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Athamanta | Apiaceae |
| Athamanta cretensis | Cavariella aegopodii |
| A. turbith ssp. haynaldii | Cavariella aegopodii |
| Athanasia | Asteraceae |
| Athanasia linifolia | Coloradoa tanacetina; Metopeurum fuscoviride |
| A. trifurcata | Aphis fabae, gossypii; Myzus persicae |
Use key to apterae on Tanacetum.
| Athyriopsis | Dryopteridaceae |
| Athyriopsis petersenii = Deparia petersenii |
| Athyrium | Dryopteridaceae |
| Athyrium alpestre | Macrosiphum [adianti], dryopteridis, lapponicum, walkeri |
| A. distentifolium = A. alpestre | |
| A. filix-femina | Amphorophora ampullata; Aulacorthum solani; Macrosiphum [adianti], dryopteridis, lambi, [ptericolens], walkeri; Taiwanomyzus alpicola |
| A. macrocarpum = A. monanthes | |
| A. monanthes | Macromyzus woodwardiae; Shinjia orientalis |
| A. pycnosorum = Deparia pycnosora | |
| A. rubripes | Amphorophora ampullata |
| A. yokoscense | Amphorophora ampullata; Taiwanomyzus filicis |
| Athyrium spp. | Amphorophora ampullata ssp. bengalensis; Macromyzus maculatus; Micromyzella judenkoi |
For a key to fern-feeding aphids see under Polypodium.
| Atractylis | Asteraceae |
| Atractylis flava | Protaphis carthami (?) |
| Atractylodes | Asteraceae |
| Atractylodes japonica | Aphis gossypii; Uroleucon gobonis |
| A. ovata | Uroleucon gobonis |
Use key to polyphagous aphids; U. gobonis will come out as U. compositae.
| Atragene see Clematis | Ranunculaceae |
| Atraphaxis | Polygonaceae |
| Atraphaxis buxifolia = A. caucasica | |
| A. caucasica | Acaudella puchovi |
| A. compacta | Brachyunguis atraphaxidis |
| A. frutescens | Aphis fabae, nasturtii; Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi, Brachyunguis atraphaxidis, monstratus; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| A. karataviensis | Brachyunguis atraphaxidis |
| A. laetevirens | Brachyunguis atraphaxidis, monstratus |
| A. muschketowii | Brachyunguis atraphaxidis |
| A. pungens | Brachyunguis atraphaxidis |
| A. pyrifolia | Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi; Brachyunguis atraphaxidis |
| A. replicata = A. spinosa | |
| A. spinosa | Acaudella puchovi; Aphis craccivora; Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi; Brachyunguis atraphaxidis, monstratus |
| A. virgata | Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi; Brachyunguis atraphaxidis, monstratus |
Key to aphids on Atraphaxis:-
| 1 | ANT PT/BASE more than 1.5 | …..2 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE less than 1.2 | ..…3 |
| 2 | Cauda hardly evident, very broadly rounded, much less than 0.5 × longer than its basal width. Dorsum with black sclerotisation. Small marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 2-4, and spinal tubercles on ABD TERG 7 and 8 | …..Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi* |
| – | Cauda helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped, much more than 0.5 × longer than its basal width, and other characters not in that combination | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 3 | Cauda absent. SIPH smooth and of characteristic shape; swollen in middle and strongly constricted subapically, with a large flange. ANT 5-segmented | .….Acaudella puchovi* |
| – | Cauda conical. SIPH shorter than cauda, barrel-shaped, with imbrication. ANT 6-segmented | …..4 |
| 4 | SIPH 0.055-0.065 × BL and 0.7-0.9 × cauda | …..Brachyunguis atraphaxidis* |
| – | SIPH 0.04-0.06 × BL and 0.45-0.6 × cauda | …..Brachyunguis monstratus* |
| Atrichum | Polytrichaceae |
| Atrichum undulata | Decorosiphon corynothrix; Muscaphis musci; Myzodium modestum |
Use key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum.
| Atriplex | Amaranthaceae |
| Atriplex acuminata = A. hortensis | |
| A. angustifolia = A. repanda | |
| A. arenaria = A. cristata | |
| A. aucheri | Brachyunguis harmalae |
| A. babingtonii = A. glabriuscula | |
| A. belangeri = A. repens | |
| A. breweri = A. lentiformis ssp. breweri | |
| A. calotheca | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. cana | Aphis craccivora; Metopeuraphis atriplicis; Pemphigus fuscicornis; Xerobion juchnevitchae |
| A. canescens (incl. tetraptera) | Brachyunguis bonnevillensis, tetrapteralis; Myzus ornatus |
| A. cristata | Aphis fabae |
| A. desertorum = A. aucheri | |
| A. dimorphostegia | Brachyunguis harmalae |
| A. flabellum | Aphis craccivora, [Aphis sp. (Davletshina 1964)]; Brachyunguis harmalae |
| A. glabriuscula | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. halimus | Aphis craccivora, fabae; Hayhurstia atriplicis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae |
| A. hastata = A. prostrata ssp. calotheca | |
| A. heterosperma = A. micrantha | |
| A. hortensis | Aphis craccivora, fabae; Hayhurstia atriplicis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae |
| A. incisa = A. laciniata | |
| A. laciniata | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. laevis | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. lampa | Brachyunguis bahamondesi |
| A. latifolia | Aulacorthum solani; Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. lentiformis (incl. ssp. breweri) | Brachyunguis tetrapteralis; Myzus ornatus |
| A. leucoclada | Aphis craccivora |
| A. littoralis | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. marina = A. littoralis | |
| A. micrantha | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. nitens = A. sagittata | |
| A. nudicaulis | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. nummularia | Aphis fabae |
| A. oppositifolia = A. prostrata | |
| A. patula | Myzus ornatus; Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. portulacoides | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. prostrata (incl. ssp. calotheca) | Aphis fabae; Hayhurstia atriplicis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| A. repanda | Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii; Hayhurstia atriplicis; [Hyalopterus pruni]; Myzus persicae |
| A. repens | Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. rosea | Aphis fabae |
| A. sagittata | Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, [Aphis sp. (Davletshina 1964)]; Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. semibaccata | Brachyunguis tetrapteralis; Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| A. tatarica | Acyrthosiphon gossypii; Aphis craccivora, fabae; Brachyunguis harmalae; Hayhurstia atriplicis; Pemphigus fuscicornis (?); Smynthurodes betae |
| A. verrucifera | Pemphigus fuscicornis (?) |
| A. vesicaria | Aphis craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae |
Key to aphids on Atriplex:-
| 1 | SIPH very long and thin, 2.5-3.5 × cauda and 0.33-0.5 × BL | ….. Acyrthosiphon gossypii |
| – | SIPH (if present) not more than 2.5 × cauda or 0.33 × BL | …..2 |
| 2 | ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.4 | ..…3 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE either less than 0.3 or more than 1.4 | .….7 |
| 3 | SIPH dark | …..4 |
| – | SIPH pale | …..5 |
| 4 | ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.4. SIPH cylindrical | …..Brachyunguis bahamondesi |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.0. SIPH volcano-shaped | .….Xerobion juchnevitchae* |
| 5 | Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 16-20 μm long, 0.8-1.0 × BD; hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 28-36 μm long, 1.4-1.8 × BD III | .….Brachunguis harmalae |
| – | Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 10-16 μm long, 0.5-0.7 × BD III; hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 15-30 μm long, 0.7-1.2 × BD III | ..…6 |
| 6 | R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × ANT PT. ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.73. SIPH 0.05-0.095 mm long | ….. Brachyunguis tetrapteralis |
| – | R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × ANT PT. ANT PT/BASE 0.70-1.0. SIPH 0.07-0.16 mm long | …..Brachyunguis bonnevillensis |
| 7 | SIPH cylindrical or slightly swollen, only 0.5-0.7 × cauda, which bears 5-7 hairs | .….Hayhurstia atriplicis |
| – | SIPH (if present) more than 0.7 × cauda | ..…8 |
| 8 | SIPH with polygonal reticulation extending over distal 0.3-0.4 of length, and much shorter than the distance between their bases | .….Metopeuraphis atriplicis |
| – | SIPH (if present) without polygonal reticulation, or if such reticulation is present then it extends over less than distal 0.3 of length, and SIPH are as long as or longer than the distance between their bases | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Atropa | Solanaceae |
| Atropa acuminata | Myzus persicae |
| A. belladonna | Aphis fabae; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus helichrysi; [Brevicoryne brassicae]; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Atropis see Puccinellia | Poaceae |
| Aubrieta | Brassicaceae |
| Aubretia deltoidea | Myzus ascalonicus, cymbalariae, ornatus, persicae; Aulacorthum solani |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Aucklandia | Asteraceae |
| Aucklandia lappa see Saussurea lappa |
| Aucuba | Garryaceae |
| Aucuba japonica | Aulacorthum [linderae], solani; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus; [Nipponaphis coreana]; Pseudomegoura magnoliae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Aucuparia see Sorbus | Rosaceae |
| Aulacomnium | Aulacomniaceae |
| Aulacomnium palustre | [Pachpappa rosettei, sacculi] |
(or try key to moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum]
| Aulacospermum | Apiaceae |
| Aulacospermum sp. | Aphis fabae |
| Aureolaria see Agalinis | Orobanchaceae |
| Auricula see Primula auricula | Primulaceae |
| Austrocedrus | Cupressaceae |
| Austrocedrus chilensis | Cinara cupressi, [cupressivora], fresai, tujafilina |
Use key to apterae on Cupressus.
| Austroeupatorium | Asteraceae |
| Austroeupatorium inulifolium | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola; [Tuberolachnus salignus] |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Avena | Poaceae |
| Avena barbata | Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum; Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis dubia, graminum, rufula; Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae |
| A. brevis | Metopolophium dirhodum |
| A. byzantina | Aploneura lentisci; Forda marginata; Rhopalosiphum padi, rufiabdominale; Sitobion avenae |
| A. chinensis | Metopolophium dirhodum |
| A. desertorum = Helictotrichon desertorum | |
| A. fatua | [Acyrthosiphon gossypii]; Anoecia corni, radiciphaga; Aphis fabae; Diuraphis noxia; Forda orientalis; Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Israelaphis lambersi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Metopolophium albidum, dirhodum; Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum, longicaudata, rufula; Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae, miscanthi;Tetraneura caerulescens |
| A. ludoviciana = A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana | |
| A. nuda | Metopolophium dirhodum; Schizaphis graminum; Sitobion miscanthi |
| A. orientalis = A. sativa | |
| A. persica = A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana | |
| A. sativa | Anoecia corni, fulviabdominalis, vagans; Aulacorthum solani; Carolinaia rhois; Diuraphis noxia; Forda formicaria, marginata; Geoica setulosa, utricularia; Israelaphis lambersi; Laingia psammae; Metopolophium dirhodum, festucae ssp. cerealium; Neomyzus circumflexus; Pemphigus sp. (?groenlandicus = populiglobuli; Zwölfer 1958); [Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon]; Rhopalosiphum maidis, oxyacanthae, padi, rufiabdominale; Schizaphis graminum; Sipha elegans, flava, maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae, miscanthi; [Smynthurodes betae]; Tetraneura caerulescens, ulmi; [Utamphorophora humboldti] |
| A. sterilis | Anoecia corni, furcata; Baizongia pistaciae; [Dysaphis apiifolia]; Forda formicaria, marginata, rotunda; Geoice utricularia; Israelaphis carmini, ilharcoi, lambersi; Metopolophium dirhodum; Rhopalosiphum maidis; Sipha maydis; Sitobion avenae, fragariae |
| A. sterilis ssp. ludoviciana | Anoecia corni; Melanaphis pyraria; Metopolophium dirhodum; Sipha arenarii; Sitobion avenae |
| A. strigosa | Metopolophium dirhodum; Sitobion avenae |
| A. wiestii = A. barbata | |
| Avena sp. | Chaetosiphella stipae |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Avenastrum see Helictotrichon | Poaceae |
| Avenula see Helictotrichon | Poaceae |
| Averrhoa | Oxalidaceae |
| Averrhoa bilimbi | Aphis gossypii |
| A. carambola | Aphis aurantii, gossypii |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Axonopus | Poaceae |
| Axonopus compressus (incl. var. affinis) | Hysteroneura setariae; Sitobion miscanthi; Tetraneura akinire |
| A. fissifolius | Hysteroneura setariae; Sitobion miscanthi |
| A. scoparius | Rhopalosiphum maidis |
| Axonopus sp. | Sipha flava |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Axyris | Amaranthaceae |
| Axyris amaranthoides | Aphis axyriphaga, axyriradicis |
| A. lanata = Krascheninnikovia lanata |
Key to apterae on Axyris:-
| – | Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD TERG 2-4 (-6) as well as 1 and 7. Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is 0.3-0.5 × height of adjacent tubercle. Cauda with 7-9 hairs | ….. Aphis axyriradicis |
| – | MTu absent from ABD TERG 2-6. Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is about 0.9 × height of adjacent tubercle. Cauda with only 3-5 hairs | ….. Aphis axyriphaga |
| Azadirachta | Meliaceae |
| Azadirachta indica | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Azalea see Rhododendron | Ericaceae |
| Azaleastrum | Ericaceae |
| Azaleastrum albiflorum | [Ericaphis scoliopi]; [Illinoia sp. (Oregon, Washington, USA; aphidtrek.org)]; Macrosiphum opportunisticum |
| Azanza | Malvaceae |
| Azanza garckeana | Aphis craccivora, gossypii |
| Azolla | Salviniaceae |
| Azolla caroliniana = A. filiculoides | |
| A. filiculoides | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae |
| Azorella | Apiaceae |
| Azorella selago | Myzus ascalonicus |
| Azorina | Campanulaceae |
| Azorina vidalii | Aphis sp. (Azores, BMNH collection) |
B
| Babiana | Iridaceae |
| Babiana angustifolia | Myzus cymbalariae |
| Baccaurea | Euphorbiaceae |
| Baccaurea sp. | Greenidea anonae |
| Baccharis (including Baccharidastrum) | Asteraceae |
| Baccharis caprariifolia | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. concava | Aphis fuentesi |
| B. coridifolia | Aphis coridifoliae; Uroleucon tucumani |
| B. dracunculifolia | Aphis gossypii, spiraecola |
| B. halimifolia | Aphis coreopsidis, fabae, oenotherae; Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi; Myzus persicae; Prociphilus erigeronensis; Uroleucon ambrosiae, erigeronense |
| B. juncea | Aphis gossypii; Uroleucon mendocinum |
| B. latifolia | Macrosiphum edrossi |
| B. linearis | Aphis conspicua, fuentesi, ingeborgae; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Myzus persicae; Uroleucon brevisiphon, erigeronense, macolai |
| B. melastomifolia = B. punctulata | |
| B. magellanica = B. tricuneata | |
| B. oxiodonta | Aphis gossypii |
| B. patagonica | Uroleucon brevisiphon |
| B. pilularis | Aphis baccharicola, coreopsidis, gossypii; Brachycaudus helichrysi; Uroleucon ambrosiae, erigeronense |
| B. platensis | Aphis gossypii |
| B. polifolia | Uroleucon macolai |
| B. punctulata | Uroleucon ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum, bereticum, [littorale], tucumani |
| B. racemosa | Uroleucon pseudomuermosum |
| B. rhomboidalis | Aphis fuentesi |
| B. salicifolia | Aphis conspicua, coreopsidis, [craccivora]; Uroleucon chilense, essigi, macolai, tucumani |
| B. salicina | Aphis gossypii; Uroleucon [rudbeckiae (= ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum?)] |
| B. schultzii | Aphis gossypii |
| B. spartioides = Psila spartioides | |
| B. tricuneata | Aphis fuentesi; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ascalonicus |
| B. trineura | Aphis spiraecola |
| B. triplinervis = B. trineura | |
| B. viminea = B. salicina | |
| Baccharis spp. | Aphis aurantii, solitaria; Uroleucon [baccharidis (Clarke 1903, nomen nudum)], chilense, essigi, paucosensoriatum, pseudomuermosum |
Key to aphids on Baccharis:-
| 1 | ANT about 0.25 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Cauda and anal plate protruding backward, dark | …..Prociphilus erigeronensis |
| – | ANT more than 0.4 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH present. Cauda and anal plate normal, pale or dark | .….2 |
| 2 | SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation | …..3 |
| – | SIPH without any polygonal reticulation | …..14 |
| 3 | SIPH with distal reticulation on less than 0.07 of length and comprising only 2-4 rows of polygonal cells | …..Macrosiphum edrossi |
| – | SIPH with distal reticulation on more than 0.1 of length and comprising more than 6 rows of polygonal cells | …..4 |
| 4 | Cauda with some apical hairs usually short and blunt. SIPH pale at base, dark distally. Dorsal cephalic hairs 18-35 μm long | .….Uroleucon erigeronense |
| – | Cauda with apical hairs finely pointed like the more proximal hairs. SIPH variously pigmented. Dorsal cephalic hairs 32-75 μm long | .….5 |
| 5 | SIPH usually more than 1.6 × cauda, which is 0.24-0.34 mm long and bears 7-12 hairs | .….6 |
| – | SIPH usually less than 1.6 × cauda, which is 0.33-0.85 mm long and bears 9-31 hairs | ….7 |
| 6 | First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.7-4.2. ANT III with 3-6 rhinaria, on basal half. R IV+V shorter than HT II. SIPH pale at base and lacking imbrication on basal half | ..…Uroleucon essigi |
| – | First tarsal segments with 4-5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 4.1-5.3. ANT III with 5-14 rhinaria extending onto distal half. R IV+V longer than HT II. SIPH dark and imbricated to base | …..Uroleucon tucumani |
| 7 | SIPH 0.36-0.54 mm long, 0.9-1.1 × cauda, which is 0.36-0.51 mm long. R IV+V shorter than HT II | ..…Uroleucon brevisiphon |
| – | SIPH 0.47-1.00 mm long, 1.1-1.6 × cauda which is 0.33-0.85 mm long. R IV+V longer or shorter than HT II | ..…8 |
| 8 | Cauda pale, contrasting with dark brown-black SIPH and distal part of hind femur. SIPH 1.1-1.5 × cauda, which is 0.46-0.85 mm long | …..9 |
| – | Cauda somewhat pigmented, not contrastingly pale in comparison with SIPH or, if SIPH are very dark, not pale in comparison with distal part of hind femur. SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda, which is 0.33-0.64 mm long | …..10 |
| 9 | R IV+V longer than ANT VI BASE. Cauda with 19-28 hairs | .….Uroleucon ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum |
| – | R IV+V shorter than ANT VI BASE. Cauda with 12-15 hairs | ..…Uroleucon mendocinum |
| 10 | R IV+V 0.163-0.193 mm long, 1.1-1.3 × HT II | …..11 |
| – | R IV+V 0.123-0.173 mm long, 0.8-1.1 × HT II | ..…13 |
| 11 | Dorsal abdominal sclerites all pale and inconspicuous. ANT PT/BASE more than 6. ANT III with 7-19 rhinaria (al. with 14-22) | …..Uroleucon chilense |
| – | Dorsal abdomen with dark post-siphuncular sclerites and variably pigmented sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs. ANT PT/BASE 4.3-6.1 | …..12 |
| 12 | ANT III with 18-29 rhinaria (al. with 24-39). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.4. Scleroites at bases of dorsal abdominal hairs are as dark as the postsiphuncular sclerites | …..Uroleucon pseudomuermosum |
| – | ANT III with 4-16 rhinaria (al. with 33-50). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.1. Scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs are paler than the postsiphuncular sclerites | …..Uroleucon paucosensoriatum |
| 13 | ANT I dark compared with II and basal part of III, and dorsal abdomen with dark postsiphuncular sclerites and sclerites around bases of dorsal hairs. ANT III with 7-15 rhinaria restricted to basal half of segment (alata with 11-24) | …..Uroleucon macolai |
| – | ANT I, II and basal part of III similarly pale to dusky, and dorsal abdominal sclerites pale. ANT III with 15-32 rhinaria distributed over most of segment (alata with 21-35) | …..Uroleucon bereticum |
| 14 | ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces convergent and scabrous. SIPH pale and slightly to moderately clavate | ..…Myzus persicae |
| – | ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed, divergent and smooth. SIPH pale or dark, tapering | .….15 |
| 15 | Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH short, truncate, smooth and pale. Spiracular pores large and rounded. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent | ..…Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| – | Cauda tongue-shaped, usually longer than its basal width. SIPH pale or dark, tapering, with imbrication. Spiracular pores reniform. MTu present at least on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…16 |
| 16 | SIPH pale. R IV+V with 3-10 accessory hairs | …..17 |
| – | SIPH dark. R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs | …..18 |
| 17 | ANT III usually with 1-15 rhinaria on distal part, and IV with 0-4 | ….. Aphis solitaria |
| – | ANT III and IV without rhinaria | …..Aphis oenotherae |
| 18 | Cauda paler than SIPH | …..19 |
| – | Cauda as dark as SIPH | ..…20 |
| 19 | SIPH 0.14-0.20 × BL. Cauda pale or dusky. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.5 | ..…Aphis gossypii |
| – | SIPH 0.25-0.40 × BL. Cauda very pale. ANT PT/BASE 3.25-4.0 | …..Aphis coreopsidis |
| 20 | Stridulatory apparatus present (a row of short peg-like hairs on hind tibia and cuticular ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6). ANT PT/BASE 3.7-5.1 | …..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| – | Stridulatory apparatus absent. ANT PT/BASE 1.0-3.7 | .….21 |
| 21 | ABD TERG 2-6 usually without MTu; sometimes with just 1-2 MTu per side (smaller than those on ABD TERG 1 and 7) | .….22 |
| – | ABD TERG 2-6 (or at least ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5) consistently with MTu | .….26 |
| 22 | Dorsal abdomen without any dark sclerotisation | …..Aphis spiraecola |
| – | Dorsal abdomen at least with marginal sclerites, usually with dark bands on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, and often with dark postsiphuncular sclerites and/or some dark markings anterior to SIPH, or with much more extensive dark sclerotisation | …..23 |
| 23 | ANT PT/BASE 1.2-2.0, rarely more than 1.8. MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 large and often of irregular shape, and sometimes with wrinkles or warts | …..Aphis ingeborgae* |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.6-4.0, rarely less than 1.8. MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 hemispherical or hemiovoidal, without wrinkles or warts | …..24 |
| 24 | Dorsal abdomen usually with an extensive black sclerotic patch. Cauda with 4-9 hairs | …..Aphis craccivora |
| – | Dorsal abdomen much less extensive, dispersed sclerotisation. Cauda with 7-24 hairs | …..25 |
| 25 | SIPH often bearing 1-3 hairs; 1.6-2.5 × cauda, which bears 7-12 hairs | ..…Aphis baccharicola |
| – | SIPH always without hairs; 0.8-1.6 × cauda which bears 11-24 hairs | .….Aphis fabae |
| 26 | SIPH short, 0.05–0.11 mm long, 1.2–2.9 × their midlength diameter and 0.3–0.6 × cauda | ..…Aphis fuentesi* |
| – | SIPH longer than 0.10 mm, at least 2.8 × their midlength diameter and at least 0.8 × cauda | …..27 |
| 27 | MTu on ABD TERG 1, 7 and usually all of ABD TERG 2-6 very broad, wider than adjacent spiracular sclerites. R IV+V 0.12–0.14 mm long. Dorsal abdomen anterior to SIPH with variable sclerotisation | ..…Aphis conspicua* |
| – | MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 (sometimes absent from 7) and on ABD TERG 2–4 and 6 not broad, not wider than adjacent spiracular sclerites. R IV+V 0.09–0.11 mm long. Dorsal abdomen anterior to SIPH without any sclerotisation | …..Aphis coridifoliae |
| Bacopa | Plantaginaceae |
| Bacopa monnieri | Myzus persicae |
| Bactris | Arecaceae |
| Bactris spp. | Cerataphis brasiliensis |
| Baeckea see Sannantha | Myrtaceae |
| Baeckea virgata = Sannantha virgata |
| Bahia | Asteraceae |
| Bahia absinthifolia | Uroleucon ambrosiae, erigeronense |
| B. ambrosoides | Aphis spiraecola |
Use key to apterae on Erigeron.
| Balanites | Zygophyllaceae |
| Balanites aegyptiaca | Aphis gossypii |
| Ballota | Lamiaceae |
| Ballota foetida = B. nigra | |
| B. nigra | Aphis ballotae, [nasturtii]; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus ballotae; Cryptomyzus alboapicalis, ballotae, [galeopsidis]; Myzus ornatus; Ovatomyzus sp. (chamaedrys?); [Ovatus cataegarius] |
Key to aphids on Ballota:-
| 1 | Most dorsal hairs long, thick and capitate | …..2 |
| – | Dorsal hairs not long, thick and capitate | …..3 |
| 2 | ANT PT 1.4-1.8 × SIPH. ANT PT/BASE 5.9-8.8. Cauda 0.6-0.8 × R IV+V, which bears 9-14 accessory hairs. R IV+V 1.4-1.7 × HT II. SIPH 3.7-4.3 × cauda. ANT III and IV normally articulated | …..Cryptomyzus ballotae |
| – | ANT PT 4.4-6.5 × SIPH. ANT PT/BASE 7.8-10.5. Cauda 1.2-1.5 × R IV+V, which bears 3-4 accessory hairs. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. SIPH 1.0-1.5 × cauda. ANT III and IV often fused | …..Cryptomyzus alboapicalis |
| 3 | Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsal abdomen dark, or with dark cross-bands. Spiracles large and rounded | …..Brachycaudus ballotae |
| – | Cauda tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsum mainly or entirely pale. Spiracles reniform | …..4 |
| 4 | SIPH dark. ANT tubercles weakly developed, front of head sinuous in outline in dorsal view. Marginal tubercles (MTu) always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | .….Aphis ballotae |
| – | SIPH pale. ANT tubercles well developed, projecting well beyond middle of front of head in dorsal view. MTu never present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…5 |
| 5 | Head smooth. Cauda constricted at base. SIPH usually slightly swollen distally, with a small flange | .….Ovatomyzus sp. |
| – | Head spiculose. Cauda not constricted at base. SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, with a moderate to large flange | …..6 |
| 6 | Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark intersegmental ornamentation. ANT III without any rhinaria. SIPH with a slight “S”-curve | ….Myzus ornatus |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without any dark markings. ANT III with 1-2 small rhinaria near base. SIPH straight | …..Aulacorthum solani |
| Balsamina see Impatiens | Balsaminaceae |
| Balsamina hortensis = Impatiens balsamina |
| Balsamita | Asteraceae |
| Balsamita major = Tanacetum balsamita | |
| B. suaveolens = Tanacetum balsamita |
| Balsamorhiza | Asteraceae |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata | Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| Balsamorhiza sp. | Aphis asclepiadis; Illinoia goldamaryae; Uroleucon erigeronense, [madia] |
| 1 | SIPH with a distinctly paler basal part contrasting with dark distal part, and with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.25-0.35 of total length. Distal caudal hairs usually shorter and blunt or capitate | ….. Uroleucon erigeronense |
| – | SIPH more uniformly pale, dusky or dark, with or without polygonal reticulation. Distal caudal hairs all pointed | …..2 |
| 2 | SIPH pale and clearly somewhat swollen proximal to a short reticulated subapical zone, which is only 0.03-0.05 of total length of SIPH (Fig.49a). Hairs on ANT III very short and inconspicuous, the longest about 0.33 × BD III | ….. Illinoia goldamaryae |
| – | SIPH pale, dusky or dark, if pale with subapical reticulation then they are tapering, cylindrical or only very slightly swollen proximal to reticulated zone, which is 0.13-0.20 of the total length, and the hairs on ANT III are conspicuous, the longest 0.5 × BD III or longer | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Baltimora | Asteraceae |
| Baltimora recta | Aphis coreopsidis, gossypii |
| – | SIPH 0.14-0.20 × BL. Cauda pale or dusky. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.5 | ..… Aphis gossypii |
| – | SIPH 0.25-0.40 × BL. Cauda very pale. ANT PT/BASE 3.25-4.0 | ….. Aphis coreopsidis |
| Bambusa Bamboos | Poaceae |
About 40 species of aphid colonise members of the genus Bambusa. Many of these also occur on other bamboo genera, and the large number recorded from Bambusa may simply be because it is the best known genus. The key is an updated and expanded version of that provided by Blackman & Eastop (1984). It includes species recorded from unidentified bamboos, possibly not of this genus. The Hormaphidinae associated with bamboos are in need of further study to determine their life cycles and clarify taxonomic relationships, and reliable identification of Astegopteryx and Ceratovacuna to species is not usually possible in the present state of knowledge. Aoki et al. (2007) provide a key to bamboo-feeding Pseudoregma.
| Bambusa arundinacea = B. bambos | |
| B. bambos | Astegopteryx bambusae, minuta; Ceratovacuna silvestrii; Pseudoregma alexanderi; Takecallis arundinariae |
| B. beecheyana | Astegopteryx bambusae |
| B. blumeana | Astegopteryx bambusae; Ceratovacuna japonica; Chucallis bambusicola; Melanaphis bambusae; Phyllaphoides bambusicola; Pseudoregma bambucicola, koshunensis, montana |
| B. cornigera | Astegopteryx bambusae |
| B. dolichoclada | Astegopteryx bambusae; Pseudoregma bambucicola, koshunensis |
| B. dolichomerithalla = B. multiplex | |
| B. duriuscula | Pseudoregma bambucicola |
| B. emeiensis | Astegopteryx bambusae; Cerataphis bambusifoliae |
| B. floribunda = B. multiplex | |
| B. glaucescens = B. multiplex | |
| B. multiplex | Astegopteryx bambusae, formosana, liukueinensis, minuta; Melanaphis bambusae, meghalayensis; Pseudoregma alexanderi, bambucicola, koshunensis, montana;Takecallis arundinariae |
| B. nana = B. multiplex | |
| B. oldhamii | Astegopteryx bambusae, formosana; Pseudoregma alexanderi, bambucicola, koshunensis |
| B. pachinensis | Pseudoregma koshunensis |
| B. sinospinosa | Pseudoregma koshunensis |
| B. stenostachya = B. blumeana | |
| B. textilis | Astegopteryx minuta |
| B. tuldoides | Pseudoregma koshunensis |
| B. utilis | Pseudoregma bambucicola, koshunensis |
| B. ventricosa = B. tuldoides | |
| B. vulgaris | Astegopteryx bambusae; Forda hirsuta; Melanaphis bambusae; Pseudoregma alexanderi, bambucicola, koshunensis; Smynthurodes betae |
| Unidentified Bambusa spp. | Aleurodaphis antennata; [Aphis craccivora, gossypii];Astegopteryx basalis, glandulosa, [himalayensis], [lutescens], [malaccensis], [neelagiriensis], pallida, [similis], singaporensis, [striata], [styracophila], unimaculata; Ceratoglyphina bambusae, bengalensis, brachyskeroae; Ceratovacuna [brevicornis], floccifera, hoffmanni, indica, keduensis, [longifila]; Chaitoregma [aderuensis], tattakana; Glyphinaphis bambusae; Hysteroneura setariae; Melanaphis [arundinariae], [donacis], [grossisiphonellus], [pahanensis]; [Myzus obtusirostris, persicae]; Neocranaphis bambusicola; Pemphigus sp.; Pseudoregma [albostriata], [cantonensis], carolinensis, [gombakana], [panicola], pendleburyi, [uscare]; Rhopalosipum rufiabdominale; [Schizaphis graminum]; Sitobion bambusicola, fragariae, miscanthi; Subtakecallis brevisetosa, pilosa; Takecallis affinis, arundicolens, assumenta, sasae, taiwana |
Key to apterae on Bambusa and other bamboos (but note separate keys are provided for Arundinaria and Sasa):-
| 1 | Aptera with multifacetted eyes and antennae more than 0.4× BL or, if only alatae are present, these have usually 6-segmented antennae bearing circular, oval or elongate oval secondary rhinaria | …..2 |
| – | Apterae with 3-facetted eyes and antennae less than 0.4× BL. Alatae usually with 5-segmented antennae bearing ring-like rhinaria which extend more than half-way around the circumference of the antenna (not in Fordini) | …..14 |
| 2 | Anal plate bilobed, cauda knobbed. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.2. (All viviparae alate) | …..3 |
| – | Anal plate entire, cauda tongue-shaped (sometimes with a mid-way constriction). ANT PT/BASE at least 1.5 | …..8 |
| 3 | Abdomen with long, finger-like, hair-bearing spinal and marginal tubercles, especially large marginally on ABD TERG 4 (fig. 30E) | …..Chucallis bambusicola |
| – | Abdomen at most with only small tubercles, none longer than width at base | …..4 |
| 4 | ANT PT/BASE 0.6 or less | …..5 |
| – | ANT PT/BASE at least 0.75 | …..7 |
| 5 | Clypeus without an anterioventral projection. ANT I more than 1.5× longer than wide | …..Neocranaphis bambusicola |
| – | Clypeus with a nose-like anterioventral projection. ANT I about as long as wide | …..6 |
| 6 | Dorsal abdominal hairs 30-35 µm long, at most equal to basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/ BASE 0.5-0.6. Dorsal abdominal sclerites small | …..Subtakecallis brevisetosa |
| – | Dorsal abdominal hairs 60-95 µm, much longer than the basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE 0.24-0.30. Dorsal sclerites large, at least on ABD TERG 3-4 | …..Subtakecallis pilosa |
| 7 | Eyes without ocular tubercles. SIPH cones very flat, mammariform | …..Phyllaphoides bambusicola |
| – | Eyes with ocular tubercles. SIPH cones truncate | …..Takecallis spp. (for separation see couplets 6-11 of key to aphids on Arundinaria) |
| 8 | Antennae of aptera 5-segmented with longest hairs 3 or more × basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT often markedly curved | …..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale |
| – | Antennae of aptera 6-segmented with much shorter hairs. ANT PT not markedly curved | …..9 |
| 9 | SIPH short and truncate, similar in length to the equally dark cauda | …..10 |
| – SIPH at least 1.4 × the paler cauda | …..11 | |
| 10 | Hairs on ANT III short and inconspicuous, maximally about 0.5 × basal diameter of segment. Alata with dark wing veins | …..Melanaphis bambusae |
| – | Hairs on ANT III at least 2-3 times longer than basal diameter of segment. Alata with wing veins not deeply pigmented | …..Melanaphis meghalayensis |
| 11 | SIPH without a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda long and pale, with only 4 hairs | …..Hysteroneura setariae |
| – | SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale or dusky with about 8 hairs | …..12 |
| 12 | SIPH of aptera 1.4-1.9 × cauda | …..Sitobion miscanthi |
| – | SIPH of aptera 2.0-2.7 × cauda | …..13 |
| 13 | Cauda of aptera 0.16-0.17 × BL, and c. 4.1 × HT II, and tapering to an almost pointed apex | …..Sitobion bambusicola |
| – | Cauda of aptera 0.12-0.14 × BL, and 1.8-2.7× HT II; rounded at apex and usually showing a slight midway constriction | …..Sitobion fragariae |
| 14 | SIPH pores absent | …..15 |
| – | SIPH pores present | …..17 |
| 15 | Dorsal abdomen with honeycomb-like wax pore plates especially on posterior tergites. HT I with 2 hairs | …..Pemphigus sp. |
| – | No wax pore plates. HT I with 4 or more hairs | …..16 |
| 16 | ANT III less than 2×ANT II. Dorsum densely hairy. BL (of aptera) 1.5-2.5 mm | …..Smynthurodes betae |
| – | ANT III more than 2× ANT II. Dorsum sparsely hairy. BL 2.7-3.7 mm | …..Forda hirsuta |
| 17 | Body of aptera including head with a continuous row of small wax glands forming a complete, crenulate margin | …..18 |
| – | Body of aptera without a complete crenulate margin of wax glands | …..19 |
| 18 | Body of aptera narrowly oval; BL about 2× greatest width. Entire dorsal cuticle ornamented with numerous small, nodulose wax glands. R IV+V longer than HT II | …..Aleurodaphis antennata |
| – | Body of aptera broadly oval to almost circular; BL maximally about 1.5× its greatest width (fig. 30A). Dorsum without nodules. R IV+V shorter than HT II | …..Cerataphis bambusifoliae |
| 19 | Head of aptera without frontal horns. Dorsal and marginal body hairs thick and spine-like, and usually long | …..Glyphinaphis bambusae |
| – | Head of aptera with a pair of forwardly-directed frontal horns. Body hairs short, or if long then fine | …..20 |
| 20 | Cauda rounded and anal plate entire. Frontal horns of adult aptera usually longer than ANT I and II combined | …..21 |
| – | Cauda knob-like, anal plate bilobed. Frontal horns of adult aptera not longer than ANT I + II combined | …..23 |
| 21 | Frontal horns of aptera only c.1.33 × ANT II. Dorsal abdomen with 4 longitudinal rows of wax glands (spinal as well as marginal) | …..Ceratoglyphina brachyskeroae |
| – | Frontal horns at least 2 × ANT II. Dorsal abdomen with only marginal rows of wax glands | …..22 |
| 22 | Frontal horns of aptera with 8-10 hairs, the longest 22-33 µm. SIPH with 4-6 surrounding hairs | …..Ceratoglyphina bambusae (or styracicola) |
| – | Frontal horns of aptera with 14-18 hairs, the longest 60-65 µm. SIPH with 6-11 surrounding hairs | …..Ceratoglyphina bengalensis |
| 23 | SIPH pores placed on shallow cones encircled by long fine hairs. Dorsum mainly membranous, with any sclerotised areas non-pustulate. Aptera with wax pore plates if present usually arranged in longitudinal marginal rows | …..24 |
| – | SIPH pores on small pigmented shallow cones and usually without a ring of fine hairs; if with hairs then sclerotic areas of dorsum have numerous small pustules. Wax pore plates of aptera if present not arranged in longitudinal marginal rows | …..31 |
| 24 | Frontal horns of aptera with rounded apices | …..25 |
| – | Frontal horns of aptera with pointed apices | …..28 |
| 25 | Marginal wax pore plates of aptera in clusters | …..Astegopteryx liukueinensis* |
| – | Marginal wax pore plates of aptera either in rows or completely absent | …..26 |
| 26 | ABD TERG 6 of aptera usually with 3 or more hairs, and ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with 9-15 hairs (in addition to the hairs near the wax glands). Marginal wax pore plates often touching each other over half their width, so that the adpressed margins are straight (fig. 30B) | ….. Astegopteryx formosana or A. bambusae (part) – see text |
| – | ABD TERG 6 of aptera usually with 2 hairs, and ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with 4-11 hairs (in addition to those near the wax glands). Marginal wax pore plates if developed mostly touching over much less than half their width, and therefore more rounded | …..27 |
| 27 | Marginal wax pore plates of aptera small (10-15 µm diameter), rounded, not touching each other (fig. 30B), and sometimes completely absent from some or all segments | …..Astegopteryx minuta |
| – | Marginal wax pore plates of aptera larger, diameter mostly 20-40 µm, usually touching over some distance in middle (fig. 30B), present on most segments | …..Astegopteryx bambusae (part) |
| 28 | Frontal horns of adult aptera narrowed distally and acutley pointed apically, more than 1.5× ANT I, and usually about as long as ANT I + II together | …..Astegopteryx pallida |
| – | Frontal horns of adult aptera short, conical, broad-based, about equal in length to or shorter than ANT I | …..29 |
| 29 | Frontal horns of aptera much shorter than ANT I, only 0.04-0.08 × head width across eyes. Marginal wax pore plates form clusters when well developed | …..Astegopteryx glandulosa |
| – | Frontal horns of aptera similar in length to ANT I, 0.09-0.24 × head width across eyes. Marginal wax pore plates form longitudinal rows when well developed | …..30 |
| 30 | SIPH of aptera usually with 2-3 surrounding hairs (rarely up to 7), and 2-3 hairs on ABD TERG 5 between SIPH. Total antennal length 0.65-0.85× width of head across eyes. R IV+V 0.73-0.92× HT II | …..Astegopteryx basalis |
| – | SIPH of aptera with 4-11 surrounding hairs, and 3-7 hairs on ABD TERG 5 between SIPH. Total antennal length 0.7-1.1 × head width across eyes. R IV+V 0.55-0.70 × HT II | …..Astegopteryx singaporensis |
| 31 | Dorsal cuticle of aptera uniformly sclerotised | …..32 |
| – | Aptera with at least the abdominal tergites partly membranous | …..33 |
| 32 | Frontal horns of aptera thumb-shaped; cylindrical with broadly rounded apices, even in immature individuals. Wax pores all dispersed, not forming wax pore plates, even on ABD TERG 8 | …..Chaitoregma tattakana |
| – | Frontal horns of aptera conical, their apices rounded in adults, narrower and more pointed in immatures. Wax pore plates present, at least as a central group on ABD TERG 8 (fig. 30F) | …..Pseudoregma pendleburyi |
| 33 | Sclerotic areas of dorsum, especially head and pronotum, evenly covered with small rounded or irregularly shaped pustules or denticles (e.g. fig. 30C) | …..34 |
| – | Sclerotic areas of cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled | …..37 |
| 34 | R IV+V conical, tapering gradually to tip, 0.15-01.6 mm long | …..Pseudoregma baenzigeri |
| – | R IV+V tapering abruptly at tip and less than 0.12 mm long | …..35 |
| 35 | Apterae elongate pear-shaped | ….Pseudoregma alexanderi |
| – | Apterae broadly oval | …..36 |
| 36 | Aptera often without spinal wax glands. ABD TERG 1-5 may have 1-4 wax pore plates in paired spinal groups; there may be 1-2 centrally on ABD TERG 7 and 1-4 centrally on ABD TERG 8. Alatae have secondary rhinaria distributed III 25-48, IV 11-20, V 4-13, and SIPH with a posterior extension of the perisiphuncular sclerite | ….. Pseudoregma bambucicola/ carolinensis |
| – | Aptera usually with well-developed wax glands on paired spinal sclerites, only rarely without. ABD TERG 1-5 usually have 1-13 large wax pore plates in each spinal group, and 3-4 on ABD TERG 8, but usually none on ABD TERG 7. Alatae have secondary rhinaria distributed III 22-30, IV 6-12, V 7-11, and SIPH with a very small perisiphuncular sclerite without any posterior extension | ….. Pseudoregma montana/ koshunensis |
| 37 | Aptera with wax pore plates well developed only on margins of body, except for a large medial group on the ABD TERG 8 | …..38 |
| – | Aptera with wax pore plates well-developed spinally as well as marginally | …..39 |
| 38 | Aptera with SIPH cones lightly sclerotised and bearing some long, fine hairs. Wax pore plates on ABD TERG 8 arranged in a row | …..Ceratovacuna indica* |
| – | Aptera with SIPH cones low, well sclerotised and without hairs. Wax pore plates on ABD TERG 8 not in a row (e.g. fig. 30G) | ….. Ceratovacuna japonica/ longifila/ floccifera |
| 39 | Aptera with wax pore plates very large and numerous, almost occupying the whole of the dorsal cuticle (fig. 30D) | …..Ceratovacuna silvestrii |
| – | Aptera with fewer wax pore plates; most abdominal tergites with one spinal group and one marginal group on each side | …..Ceratovacuna hoffmanni/keduensis/doipuiensis |
| Bamia see Hibiscus | Malvaceae |
| Banisteriopsis | Malpighiaceae |
| Banisteriopsis sp. | Aphis gossypii |
| Banksia | Proteaceae |
| Banksia integrifolia | Aphis fabae |
| Baptisia | Leguminosae |
| Baptisia tinctoria | Myzus persicae |
| Barbarea | Brassicaceae |
| Barbarea arcuata = B. vulgaris | |
| B. orthoceras | Aphis fabae, [neopolygoni (= triglochinis?)]; Lipaphis pseudobrassicae; Myzus ornatus |
| B. stricta | Aphis solanella, triglochinis; Myzus persicae; Pseudobrevicoryne buhri |
| B. verna | Myzus ornatus |
| B. vulgaris | Aphis [craccivora], fabae, mizutakarashi, [neopolygoni (= triglochinis?)], triglochinis; Aulacorthum solani; Brevicoryne barbareae, brassicae, crambe, Brevicoryne sp. (barbareae of David & Hameed 1975, nec. Nevsky); Lipaphis [erysimi], pseudobrassicae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; Pemphigus populitransversus; Pseudobrevicoryne buhri;[Rhopalosiphum padi]; [Volutaphis karatavica] |
| Barbarea sp. | [Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae] |
Key to aphids on Barbarea:-
| 1 | ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Wax pore-plates on posterior abdomen | ..…Pemphigus populitransversus |
| – | ANT PT/BASE more than 1.0. SIPH present (sometimes very small). No wax pore-plates | …..2 |
| 2 | ANT tubercles well developed, projecting forward much further than middle of front of head in dorsal view | ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 4 |
| – | ANT tubercles less well developed or absent, so that outline of front of head is sinuate, straight or convex in dorsal view | …..3 |
| 3 | SIPH as very short, pigmented cones, less than 0.5 × the short, triangular cauda. Apt. with secondary rhinaria on distal part of ANT III, and also usually on IV and V | ..…Pseudobrevicoryne buhri |
| – | SIPH tubular, at least 0.6 × cauda. ANT of apt. without secondary rhinaria | …..4 |
| 4 | SIPH tapering. Marginal tubercles (MTu) always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | ..…5 |
| – | SIPH usually somewhat swollen. MTu never present on ABD TERG 1 and 7 | .….7 |
| 5 | ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky. Cauda with 5-11 hairs. (Alata with 25-60 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 9-25 on IV and 7-17 on V) | .….Aphis triglochinis |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. SIPH and cauda black. Cauda with 11-25 hairs. (Alata with 7-33 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 0-10 on IV and 0-2 on V) | …..6 |
| 6 | Dorsal abdomen with dark cross bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and usually with some dark markings anterior to SIPH (in addition to dark intersegmental muscle sclerites). Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-2.2 × BD III | …..Aphis fabae |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Longest hairs on ANT III c.0.6-0.7 × BD IIII | …..Aphis mizutakarashi* |
| 7 | ANT III 1.2-1.7 × SIPH. ABD TERG 2-4 usually without dark markings (except intersegmental ones) in mounted preparations. Cauda tongue-shaped to elongate triangular | …..Lipaphis pseudobrassicae |
| – | ANT III 1.8-3.7 × SIPH. ABD TERG 2-4 usually with dark spots or cross-bands; if not then cauda is bluntly triangular | …..8 |
| 8 | Dorsal body hairs mostly short with expanded, fan-shaped apices | ..…Brevicoryne crambe |
| – | Dorsal body hairs with blunt or pointed apices | …..9 |
| 9 | Tibiae pale except at apices. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerites. SIPH a little longer than the bluntly triangular cauda | .….Brevicoryne barbareae |
| – | Tibiae entirely dark. Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × cauda | …..10 |
| 10 | SIPH 0.6-0.8 × cauda which is tongue-shaped or elongate triangular, more than 1.5 × its basal width. ABD TERG all with large paired dark sclerites which may be joined medially to form broad cross-bands | ..…Brevicoryne sp. (barbareae of David & Hameed 1975, nec Nevsky) |
| – | SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda which is broadly triangular, not longer than its basal width. ABD TERG 1-5 with paired sclerites but these are usually small, and never form cross-bands | .….Brevicoryne brassicae |
| Barbula | Pottiaceae |
| Barbula sp. | Muscaphis musci |
(or use the key to apterae of moss-feeding aphids under Polytrichum)
| Barkhausia see Crepis | Asteraceae |
| Barleria | Acanthaceae |
| Barleria. cristata | Aphis citricidus, gossypii, spiraecola |
| B. prionitis | Myzus persicae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Barnadesia | Asteraceae |
| Barnadesia odorata | Myzus persicae |
| Barringtonia | Lecythidaceae |
| Barringtonia asiatica | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii |
| Bartsia (including Bellardia) | Orobanchaceae |
| Bartsia alpina | Brachycaudus helichrysi; Nasonovia ribisnigri |
| B. trixago | Brachycaudus persicae |
| B. viscosa | Brachycaudus [cardui], helichrysi |
| Bartsia sp. | Myzus persicae |
Key to apterae on Bartsia:-
| 1 | Cauda finger-like. SIPH 0.18-0.28 × BL | ..…2 |
| – | Cauda rounded or helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width, SIPH 0.05-0.125 × BL | …..3 |
| 2 | Dorsum with a pattern of brown intersegmental markings. Thoracic spiracles much larger than abdominal ones. SIPH tapering | …..Nasonovia ribisnigri |
| – | Dorsum without brown intersegmental markings. Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones. SIPH slightly clavate | …..Myzus persicae |
| 3 | Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black shield. SIPH black, 0.105-0.125 × BL. Anterior part of mesosternum with a pair of mammariform processes | …..Brachycaudus persicae |
| – | Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. SIPH pale/dusky, 0.05-0.09 × BL. Mesosternum without mammariform processes | ..…Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| Basella | Basellaceae |
| Basella alba | Aphis gossypii; [Lipaphis pseudobrassicae]; Myzus persicae |
| B. rubra = B. alba | |
| Use key to polyphagous aphids. |
| Basilicum | Lamiaceae |
| Basilicum polystachyon | Aphis gossypii |
| Bassia | Amaranthaceae |
| Bassia hyssopifolia | Aphis craccivora |
| B. prostrata | Aphis craccivora, fabae, salsolae; [Brachyunguis harmalae]; Chaitaphis tenuicauda; Xerobion eriosomatinum |
| B. scoparia | Aphis craccivora, gossypii, salsolae, spiraecola; Chaitaphis tenuicauda; Clypeoaphis suaedae; Myzus persicae; Xerobion eriosomatinum |
| B. sedoides | Chaitaphis kazakhstanica, tenuicauda; Macchiatiella rhamni (? – Ivanoskaya 1977) |
| Bassia sp. | Brachyunguis tetrapteralis |
Key to apterae on Bassia:-
| 1 | ANT PT/BASE 0.5-0.73 | …..Brachyunguis tetrapteralis |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 0.8-8.2 | …..2 |
| 2 | Cauda very short and broadly rounded, hardly discernible. ANT PT/BASE 6.5-8.2 | ..… Macchiatiella rhamni (?) |
| – | Cauda tongue- or finger-like. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-4.5 | …..3 |
| 3 | Dorsal hairs with expanded, often furcate apices (Fig.36a, b). Cauda long and thin, 4-5 × longer than its middle width (e.g. Fig.36c) | …..4 |
| – | Dorsal hairs blunt or pointed. Cauda less than 4 × its middle width | …..5 |
| 4 | SIPH 0.08-0.10 × BL and 0.83-1.10 × R IV+V. ABD TERG 8 with 4 (-5) hairs | …..Chaitaphis kazakhstanica* |
| – | SIPH 0.10-0.13 × BL and 1.10-1.23 × R IV+V. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs | …..Chaitaphis tenuicauda |
| 5 | ANT PT/BASE 1.4-4.5. SIPH (0.8-)1.2-2.2 × cauda | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids (but specimens running to A. craccivora may be A. salsolae) |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.4. SIPH 0.5-0.9 × cauda | …..6 |
| 6 | SIPH in form of dark, broad-based cones, shorter than their basal widths (Fig.36f). Cauda bluntly conical, shorter than its basal width. Clypeus dark and swollen, but not globose (Fig.36e) | …..Xerobion eriosomatinum |
| – | SIPH pale or dusky, tubular, often slightly swollen, much longer than their basal widths (Fig.36i). Cauda finger-like, longer than its basal width. Clypeus globose (Fig.36d) | …..Clypeoaphis suedae |
| Bathmium | Dryopteridaceae |
| Bathmium trifoliatum | Idiopterus nephrelepidis |
| Batrachium see Ranunculus | Ranunculaceae |
| Batrachium aquatile = Ranunculus aquatilis | |
| B. fluitans = Raninuculus fluitans |
| Bauera | Cunoniaceae |
| Bauera rubioides | Aphis spiraecola |
| Bauhinia | Leguminosae |
| Bauhinia aculeata | Aphis gossypii |
| B. acuminata | Aphis spiraecola |
| B. blakeana | Aphis gossypii |
| B. corniculata | Aphis gossypii |
| B. divaricata | Aphis craccivora, gossypii |
| B. petersiana | Aphis craccivora, gossypii; Myzus persicae |
| B. purpurea | Aphis aurantii, gossypii, spiraecola |
| B. tomentosa | Aphis craccivora; Myzus persicae |
| B. variegata | Aphis craccivora, gossypii, spiraecola; Myzus persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus; Sinomegoura citricola |
| Bauhinia sp. | [Cervaphis apatii (nomen nudum)] |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Becium see Ocimum | Lamiaceae |
| Becium obovatum = Ocimum obovatum |
| Beckmannia | Poaceae |
| Beckmannia syzigachne | Rhopalosiphum maidis, padi; Sitobion avenae |
Use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria.
| Bedfordia | Asteraceae |
| Bedfordia salicina | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| Begonia | Begoniaceae |
| Begonia cucullata | Aphis fabae, gossypii; Aulacorthum solani; Myzus ornatus, persicae |
| B. fimbristipula | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. heracleifolia | Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. × hiemalis | Aulacorthum solani |
| B. × hortensis | Neomyzus circumflexus |
| B. lomensis | Aphis gossypii |
| B. procumbens = B. radicans | |
| B. radicans | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
| B. rex | Aphis fabae; Myzus ornatus, persicae |
| B. semperflorens = B. cucullata | |
| B. × sempervirens (?) | Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae |
| Begonia spp. | Aphis frangulae group; [Rhodobium porosum] |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Behen see Silene | Caryophyllaceae |
| Belamcanda see Iris | Iridaceae |
| Belamcanda chinensis = Iris domestica |
| Bellardia see Bartsia | Orobanchaceae |
| Bellevalia | Asparagaceae |
| Bellevalia trifoliata | Myzus persicae |
| Bellidiastrum see Aster | Asteraceae |
| Bellis | Asteraceae |
| Bellis perennis | Acyrthosiphon malvae; Aphis gossypii, [plantaginis], [spiraephaga], [vandergooti], [wartenbergi]; Aulacorthum solani; Brachycaudus cardui, helichrysi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Myzus ascalonicus, ornatus, persicae; Neomyzus circumflexus; Pseudomegoura magnoliae |
| B. sylvestris | Myzus persicae |
Key to apterae on Bellis:-
| – | Dorsum with an extensive black sclerotic shield. Cauda a little shorter than its basal width, helmet-shaped, with a slight basal constriction. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammari-form processes | ….. Brachycaudus cardui |
| – | Without that combination of characters | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bellium | Asteraceae |
| Bellium bellidioides | Aulacorthum solani |
| Beloperone | Acanthaceae |
| Beloperone guttata = Justicia brandegeeana |
| Bencomia | Rosaceae |
| Bencomia caudata | Aphis gossypii; Aulacorthum sp.; Macrosiphum rosae |
| B. maderensis see Sanguisorbia maderensis | |
| B. moquiniana | Macrosiphum euphorbiae, rosae; Myzus persicae |
Key to apterae on Bencomia:-
| – | Head dark with well-developed, divergent ANT tubercles, SIPH black | .…. Macrosiphum rosae |
| – | Head and SIPH pale (or if dark then ANT tubercles are weakly developed) | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Benincasa | Cucurbitaceae |
| Benincasa cerifera = B. hispida | |
| B. hispida | Aphis craccivora, fabae, gossypii, solanella, [umbrella] |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Berberidopsis | Berberidopsidaceae |
| Berberidopsis corallina | Neomyzus circumflexus |
| Berberis | Berberidaceae |
| Berberis aetnensis | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. aggregata | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. amurensis (incl. var. japonica) | Aphis spiraecola; Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis berberidis, ornata |
| B. aquifolium | Liosomaphis berberidis; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. aristata | Liosomaphis atra, himalayensis |
| B. asiatica | Liosomaphis atra, himalayensis |
| B. brachypoda | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. bromtonensis (?) | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. buxifolia = B. microphylla | |
| B. canadensis | Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. chinensis | Berberidaphis lydiae |
| B. circumserrata | Berberidaphis lydiae |
| B. coriaria | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. crataegifolia (?) | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. crataegina | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. darwinii | Aphis berberidorum, patagonica |
| B. diaphana | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. empetrifolia | Aphis berberidorum |
| B. francisci-ferdinandi | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. gilgiana | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. heterobotrys | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. heteropoda | Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis atra, berberidis |
| B. hispanica = B. vulgaris ssp. australis | |
| B. hybrido-gagnepainii | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. ilicifolia | Aphis patagonica; Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. iliensis | Amegosiphon platicaudum; Berberidaphis lydiae |
| B. integerrima | Amegosiphon platicaudum; Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis atra, berberidis |
| B. julianae | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. koreana | Berberidaphis lydiae; [Hydaphias hofmanni]; Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. lycium | Liosomaphis atra, berberidis, ornata; Myzus persicae |
| B. microphylla | Aphis patagonica; Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. × neubertii | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. nummularia | Liosomaphis ornata |
| B. oblonga | Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. orientalis = B. vulgaris | |
| B. petiolaris | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. poiretii | Berberidaphis lydiae |
| B. pseudumbellata | Liosomaphis atra |
| B. regeliana = B. amurensis | |
| B. repens | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. sargentiana | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. sibirica | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. sieboldii | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. silva-taroucana | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. sphaerocarpa = B. heteropoda | |
| B. × stenophylla | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. thunbergii | Allocotaphis minensis; Aphis nasturtii; Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis atra, berberidis, ornata; [Metopolophium berberinutritum]; [Wahlgreniella nervata] |
| B. turcomanica | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. umbellata | Liosomaphis berberidis, himalayensis; [Tricaudatus polygoni] |
| B. vernae | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. verruculosa | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| B. vulgaris | Amegosiphon platycaudum; [Aphis pomi]; Aulacorthum solani; Berberidaphis lydiae; Liosomaphis berberidis, ornata; Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
| B. wallichiana | Liosomaphis himalayensis |
| B. wilsoniae | Liosomaphis berberidis |
| Berberis spp. | Aphis aurantii, citricidus, odinae; [Greenidea kumaoni]; [Macrosiphum pachysiphum]; [Prociphilus erigeronensis]; [Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale]; [Xenosiphonaphis conandri] |
Key to aphids on Berberis:-
| 1 | SIPH swollen, with maximum width of swollen part broader than base. Head smooth, with ANT tubercles either weakly developed or with inner faces broadly divergent | …..2 |
| – | SIPH tapering or, if slightly clavate, then maximum width of swollen part is narrower than base, and head is nodulose with well-developed, convergent ANT tubercles | …..7 |
| 2 | SIPH slightly and uniformly swollen over most of length, narrowing at base and apex, with regularly-spaced, close-set spinulose imbrication (Fig.17a). Cauda tongue-shaped with 20-30 rather short hairs (Fig.17d). ANT tubercles well-developed, broadly divergent | ..…Amegosiphon platicaudum |
| – | SIPH markedly clavate (Figs 17b, c), and lacking imbrication except near apex. Cauda with less than 20 hairs (Figs 17e, f). ANT tubercles variously developed | .….3 |
| 3 | Cauda shorter than its basal width, with 12-18 hairs (Fig.17e). ANT PT/BASE 2.0-2.75 | ..…Berberidaphis lydiae |
| – | Cauda much longer than its basal width, with 5-8 hairs (Fig.17f). ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.9 | …..4 |
| 4 | Dorsum sclerotic, with variably developed dark pigmentation or a complete dark shield | ..…5 |
| – | Dorsal abdomen pale | ..…6 |
| 5 | ANT PT/BASE 1.6-1.9. Dorsal pigmentation variable. SIPH as long as or longer than head width across (and including) eyes | …..Liosomaphis ornata |
| – | ANT PT/BASE 1.2-1.6. Dorsum usually with a complete shield. SIPH shorter than head width across eyes | ..…Liosomaphis atra |
| 6 | ANT 0.52-0.73 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.1 | …..Liosomaphis himalayensis |
| – | ANT 0.4-0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.4 | …..Liosomaphis berberidis |
| 7 | ANT tubercles well developed, so that there is a deep frontal sinus. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu) | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 5 |
| – | ANT tubercles weakly developed, not or hardly projecting beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu | .….8 |
| 8 | ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu | …..Allocotaphis minensis |
| – | ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with MTu | …..9 |
| 9 | Stridulatory apparatus present, consisting of a conspicuous pattern of ridges on ventro-lateral areas of abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and a row of short, peg-like hairs on hind tibia | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 26 |
| – | Stridulatory apparatus not present | …..10 |
| 10 | R IV+V 1.0-1.24 × HT II (with R IV+V always less than 0.12 mm) | ..…11 |
| – | R IV +V 0.7-1.0 × HT II (if more than 0.9 × HT II then R IV+V is more than 0.12 mm) | …..12 |
| 11 | SIPH and cauda black | ..…Aphis spiraecola |
| – | SIPH and cauda mainly pale, only darker distally | ..…Aphis nasturtii |
| 12 | R IV+V 0.09-0.12 mm, 0.35-0.46 × cauda. Cauda 0.12-0.15 × BL. Dorsal abdomen without sclerotisation anterior to SIPH | .….Aphis patagonica |
| – | R IV+V 0.12-0.15 mm, 0.55-0.77 × cauda. Cauda 0.10-0.12 × BL. Dorsal abdomen with variably developed sclerotisation anterior to SIPH | .….Aphis berberidorum |
| Berchemia | Rhamnaceae |
| Berchemia floribunda | [Longistigma liquidambarus]; Sitobion berchemiae |
| B. lineata | Sitobion berchemiae |
| B. racemosa | Sitobion berkemiae; Aphis gossypii |
| B. zeyheri | Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii, citricidus |
Key to apterae on Berchemia:-
| 1 | SIPH black and having distal 0.25-0.45 with polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale | …..2 |
| – | If SIPH are black then they are without polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale or dark | ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| 2 | SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.25-0.33. R IV with about 8 accessory hairs | ….. Sitobion berchemiae |
| – | SIPH with reticulation on distal 0.32-0.44. R IV with 4-6 accessory hairs | ….. Sitobion berkemiae |
| Bergenia | Saxifragaceae |
| Bergenia afghanica = B. stracheyi | |
| B. crassifolia | Myzus persicae; Smynthurodes betae |
| B. stracheyi | Aphis fabae |
Use key to polyphagous aphids.
| Berkheya | Asteraceae |
| Berkheya arenarium = Agriophyllum squarrosum | |
| B. decurrens | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. rigida | Brachycaudus helichrysi |
| B. robusta | Protaphis pseudocardui |
| B. zeyheri | Aphis gossypii; Uroleucon compositae |
Key to aphids on Berkheya:-
| – | ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.2 | .…. Protaphis pseudocardui |
| – | ANT PT/BASE either less than 0.5 or more than 1.5 | …..go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Bersama | Melianthaceae |
| Bersama ugandensis | Aulacorthum solani; Sitobion halli, leonidasi |
Key to aphids on Bersama:-
| 1 | Inner faces of antennal tubercles parallel in dorsal view. SIPH without apical reticulation | ….. Aulacorthum solani |
| – | Inner faces of antennal tubercles divergent in dorsal view. SIPH with an apical zone of polygonal reticulation | …..2 |
| 2 | Aptera with extensive black dorsal pigmentation and dark antennae, legs, SIPH and cauda | ….. Sitobion leonidasi |
| – | Aptera without extensive dark pigmentation | ….. Sitobion halli |
| Berteroa | Brassicaceae |
| Berteroa incana | Aphis beteroae, craccivora, fabae, frangulae, gossypii, nasturtii, Aphis sp. (Czech Republic, BMNH collection); Aulacorthum solani; Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi, ruderalis (as berteroaella Mamontova); Myzus persicae; Smiela fusca; Spatulophorus incanae |
| B. mutabilis | Smiela fusca |
| Berteroa sp. | [Aphis triglochinis] |
Key to aphids on Berteroa:-
| 1 | Cauda broad, bluntly triangular, shorter than or not longer than its basal width | …..2 |
| – | Cauda elongate triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width | …..3 |
| 2 | SIPH black and volcano-shaped, with a large perisiphuncular sclerite. ANT III with 5-16 rhinaria and IV with 0-5 | …..Smiela fusca |
| – | SIPH truncate conical or barrel-shaped, without a dark perisiphuncular sclerite. ANT III and IV (of apt.) without rhinaria | …..Brevicoryne brassicae |
| 3 | Dorsal hairs with fan-shaped apices. Dorsal cuticle of head, prothorax and ABD TERG 7-8 very rugose | ..…Spatulophorus incanae |
| – | Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices. Dorsal cuticle rugose or not rugose | …..4 |
| 4 | ANT III as long as or longer than ANT IV+V together. Cuticle of front of head rugose. SIPH with slight subapical swelling | …..5 |
| – | ANT III shorter than ANT IV+V together. Cuticle of front of head smooth, spiculose or nodulose. SIPH tapering, cylindrical or clavate | …..6 |
| 5 | ANT tubercles developed, projecting about as far as median tubercle, so that front of head is sinuate in outline in dorsal view. ANT more than 0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7. ABD TERG 8 without a rugose conical process | .….Lipaphis erysimi |
| – | ANT tubercles undeveloped, front of head convex in dorsal view. ANT less than 0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.0. ABD TERG 8 with a rugose conical process | .….Lipaphis ruderalis |
| 6 | ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH are dusky to dark, tapering, 0.13-0.17 × BL and 1.1-1.4 × the similarly pigmented slender cauda, which bears 5 or 6 hairs | …..Aphis sp. (Czech Republic; BMNH collection) |
| – | MTu either absent or usually only on ABD TERG 1 and 7; rarely on 2-4, in which case other characters are not in the same combination | …..7 |
| 7 | MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 very large; diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is at least 3 × length of adjacent marginal hair (which is c.10 μm). SIPH without a distinct flange, 1.85-2.27 × cauda which bears 8-11 hairs | …..Aphis berteroae |
| – | Diameter of MTu (if present) on ABD TERG 1 is 0.2-1.4 × length of adjacent marginal hair (which is 10-40 μm). SIPH with a distinct flange, 0.8-2.5 × cauda which bears 4-25 hairs | ..…go to key to polyphagous aphids |
| Berula | Apiaceae |
| Berula erecta | Cavariella aegopodii, cicutae; Hyadaphis foeniculi; Pemphigus protospirae; Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae |
Key to aphids on Berula:-
| 1 | ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent | .….Pemphigus protospirae |
| – | ANT PT/BASE more than 0.6. SIPH present (with distal part swollen) | ..…2 |
| 2 | ABD TERG 8 with a supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE 0.6-1.3 | ..…3 |
| – | No supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.9 | ..…4 |
| 3 | BL 4.4-5.7 × SIPH. SIPH 5.9-8.6 × maximum diameter of swollen part and 8.3-11.5 × least diameter of stem, which is about equal to the diameter of the hind tibiae at midlength | ..…Cavariella aegopodii |
| – | BL 5.6-6.4 × SIPH. SIPH 3.5-4.6 × maximum diameter of swollen part and 4.1-5.5 × least diameter of stem, which is about 1.5 × diameter of hind tibiae at midlength | .….Cavariella cicuta |
| 4 | SIPH 0.9-1.4 × cauda. R IV+V 0.65-1.0 × HT II | …..Hyadaphis foeniculi |
| – | SIPH more than 2 × cauda. R IV+V 1.0-1.4 × HT II | …..Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae |
| Beschorneria | Asparagaceae |
| Beschorneria yuccoides | Myzus persicae |