(In recent years ther have been some major changes in the generic
concepts within Asteridae as a result of molecular and phylogenetic
revisionary work by North American and European botanists. American asters
are now mostly placed in the genus
Symphyotrichum, and many Asiatic species are now placed in Galatella.)
Aster adustus = Aster
ageratoides
A. ageratoides (incl.
vars
Macrosiphoniella
(Asterobium) yomenae;
amplexifolius, ovatus,
Uroleucon fuchuense, monticola, vera
semiamplexicaulis)
A. alpinus
Brachycaudus helichrysi; Illinoia subviride
A. amellus
Brachycaudus helichrysi, [salicinae];
Uroleucon pachysiphon
A. bakerianus
Aphis gossypii
A. bellidiastrum
Brachycaudus helichrysi
A. biflorus = Galatella
sedifolia ssp. biflora
A. bracei = Symphyotrichum
tenuifolium
A. canescens (Nees)
Fisjun = Kalimeris altaica
A. canescens Pursh= Dietaria canescens
A. chinensis = Callistephus
chinensis
A. chromopappus = Galatella
chromopappa
A. conspicuus = Eurybia conspicua
A. cordifolius = Symphyotrichum cordifolium
A. dahuricus = Galatella
dahurica
A. diplostephioides
[Uroleucon raychaudhurii (Bhagat
1981b; nomen nudum)]
A. divaricatus = Eurybia divaricata
A. dracunculoides = Galatella sedifolia ssp. dracunculoides
Key to aphids on Aster, Eurybia, Dieteria, Doellingeria, Galatella, Kalimeris, Pseudolinosyris
and Symphyotrichum:-
1
Eyes composed of only 3
facets. ANT less than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE less than 1
..…2
–
Eyes with many facets.
ANT more than 0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 1
..…6
2
Body elongate oval, small
(BL less than 1.3 mm), sclerotic dorsally, with a crenulate margin due to a
continuous fringe of wax glands. SIPH as pores with raised rims. Cauda
knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..3
–
Body
broadly oval to almost globular, BL more than 1.5 mm, cuticle membranous, wax
glands not in a continuous marginal row. SIPH absent. Cauda rounded, anal
plate entire
…..4
3
R IV+V elongate,
0.137-0.194 mm long, more than 3 × its basal width. First tarsal segments
with 3 hairs
…..Aleurodaphis blumeae
–
R IV+V 0.074-0.104 mm
long, less than 3 × its basal width. First tarsal segments with 2 hairs
…..Aleurodaphis asteris
4
R IV+V 0.08-0.12 mm long.
shorter than last antennal segment (BASE + PT), and without any accessory
hairs. Hairs at apices of tibiae and first tarsal segments short and thick.
Wax glands present on ABD TERG 3-7
…..Pemphigus sp.
–
R IV+V 0.13-0.175 mm
long, as long as or longer than last antennal segment (BASE + PT), and
bearing 4-12 accessory hairs. Hairs at apices of hind tibiae and first tarsal
segments long and fine. Wax glands present on head, thorax and abdomen, or
absent
..…5
5
ANT II similar in length
to ANT III, which bears numerous hairs. Primary rhinaria with sclerotized
rims, without fimbriae. Wax glands absent. Anus in dorsal position, abdomen
without a posterior projection
.….Smynthurodes betae
–
ANT II much shorter than ANT III, which bears few hairs, mainly on
distal part. Primary rhinaria each with a fringe of fimbriae. Wax glands
present on head, thorax and abdomen. Anus borne on posterior projection of
the abdomen
….. Prociphilus erigeronensis
6
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation, forming at least 10 closed cells, and with a
number of incomplete cells at its proximal boundary, which is therefore not
clearly demarcated
.….7
–
SIPH without such a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation; sometimes with transverse striae
that have some tendency to form a reticulation, but this has less than 10
closed cells, or in one case (Acuticauda)
with reticulation in a short membranous section that is clearly demarcated by
an annular constriction
..…60
7
Conspicuous dark,
crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present, but no large
postsiphuncular sclerites (e.g. Fig.15a)
…..8
–
Antesiphuncular sclerites
faint, fragmented or absent; postsiphuncular sclerites present or absent
..…18
8
ANT III with 20-64
rhinaria distributed over more than half its length
…..9
–
ANT III with 1-21
rhinaria restricted to basal half
.….11
9
SIPH 0.13-0.14 × BL,
0.46-0.55 × ANT III and 0.7-0.9 × cauda. ANT VI BASE 1.6-1.9 × R IV+V
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) elegans*
–
SIPH 0.15-0.21 × BL,
0.6-0.9 × ANT III and 0.8-1.2 × cauda. ANT VI BASE 1.1-1.55 × R IV+V
…..10
10
ABD
TERG 1-4 with spinal hairs rarely duplicated (Fig.15b)
.….Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium)
linariae
–
ABD TERG 1-4 with spinal
hairs (and their basal scleroites) almost always duplicated (Fig.15c)
.….Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) yomenae
11
R IV+V about 1.4-1.5 × HT II
..…Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) bozhkoae*
–
R IV+V 0.5-1.0 × HT II
..…12
12
Tibiae mainly pale, dark apically and at
extreme bases
ANT
tubercles very poorly developed so that front of head is almost straight in
dorsal view
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) argynica*
–
ANT tubercles well
developed, their inner faces divergent in dorsal view
…..17
17
ANT III with 9-11 rhinaria. Cauda with 8
hairs. Small MTu often present on some or all of ABD TERG 2-5
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) galatellae
–
ANT III with 12-15 rhinaria. Cauda with c.12 hairs. ABD TERG 2-5
without MTu
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) quinifontana*
18
ANT tubercles very poorly developed so that
front of head is almost straight in dorsal view. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-4.0. SIPH
0.15-0.20 × BL
…..19
–
ANT tubercles well
developed, with inner faces divergent in dorsal view, so that there is a deep
frontal sinus. ANT PT/BASE 2.6-7.4. SIPH 0.14-0.55 × BL
…..20
19
SIPH 0.95-1.25 × cauda, which is brown or
dark brown, concolorous with distal half of SIPH
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) davazhamci
–
SIPH 1.27-1.32 × cauda,
which is pale
…..Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) aktaschica*
20
SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation
extending over distal 0.15-0.5 of length, and comprising many small cells of
maximum diameter less than 0.25 of width of SIPH at that point. Flange often
weakly developed
…..21
–
SIPH with zone of
polygonal reticulation extending over 0.03-0.2 of length, and comprising
large cells, of maximum diameter more than 0.25 of width of SIPH at that
point. Flange well developed
…..55
21
Cauda much paler than distal part of SIPH
…..22
–
Cauda almost as dark as
distal part of SIPH
..…50
22
Coxae dark, clearly darker than trochanters
and basal halves of femora
…..23
–
Coxae pale like trochanters
and basal halves of femora
…..25
23
Dorsal
hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 mostly not placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 0.73-0.88
× HT II
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
Dorsal hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 all or
mostly placed on dark scleroites. R IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II
…..24
24
R
IV+V 1.25-1.67 × ANT VI BASE and 1.17-1.33 × HT II. Cauda with 18-28 hairs
…..Uroleucon cichorii
–
R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × ANT VI BASE and 1.5-1.6 × HT II. Cauda with 30-37
hairs
…..Uroleucon doellingeriae*
25
SIPH dusky with darker apices, and 0.18-0.22
× BL
..…Uroleucon bradburyi*
–
SIPH either entirely dark
or mainly dark with a pale basal section; 0.16-0.55 × BL
.….26
26
SIPH mainly dark but with a pale basal
section
.….27
–
SIPH uniformly pigmented
…..38
27
ABD
TERG 8 with a pair of spinal tubercles (STu), and ABD TERG 6 and 7 sometimes
also with 1-2 STu. SIPH about
0.16-0.18 × BL, about equal in length to cauda
…..Uroleucon nodulum*
–
ABD TERG 6-8 without STu.
SIPH 0.21-0.55 × BL and 0.9-2.5 × cauda
….28
28
SIPH 0.21-0.24 × BL, with pale section at base of SIPH less than 0.13 of total length
..…29
–
SIPH 0.22-0.55 × BL, with
pale basal section often more than 0.16 of total length
…..30
29
R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II
…..Uroleucon crepusisiphon
–
R IV+V 0.65-0.80 × HT II
…..Uroleucon manitobense
30
R IV+V 1.4-1.85 × HT II, and bearing more
than 14 accessory hairs
…..31
–
R IV+V 0.6-1.34 × HT II,
and bearing 6-12 accessory hairs
…..32
31
ANT III with8-25 rhinaria. SIPH 1.5-2 × cauda
.….Uroleucon
zymozionense
–
ANT III with 28-46
rhinaria. SIPH 1.1-1.4 × cauda
…..Uroleucon anomalae
32
SIPH (1.8-) 2.1-2.8 × cauda
..…33
–
SIPH 0.9-2.0 × cauda
..…34
33
Cauda with one or more hairs near apex that
are short and blunt or capitate. Tibiae mainly pale or dusky with dark
apices. (R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II)
..…Uroleucon erigeronense
–
Cauda with all hairs
pointed. Tibiae dark
…..Uroleucon katonkae
34
R IV+V 1.15-1.4 × HT II
…..35
–
R IV+V 0.6-1.0 × HT II
…..36
35
ANT
dark beyond base of III. SIPH pale on basal 0.2-0.3. HT II without ventral
hairs on proximal 0.5-0.7 of length, or these hairs very small or vestigeal
.….Uroleucon gravicorne
–
ANT entirely or at least distally pale. SIPH c.0.33 × BL and pale only
on basal c.0.08. (HT II with normal
chaetotaxy?)
…..Uroleucon vera*
36
R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II which is 0.19-0.22
mm long
…..Uroleucon tenuitarsus
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.0 × HT II
which is 0.14-0.17 mm long
.….37
37
SIPH 1.4-2.0 × cauda which bears 7-12 hairs
…..Uroleucon breviscriptum
–
SIPH 0.9-1.4 × cauda
which bears 10-19 hairs
…..Uroleucon macgillivrayae
38
SIPH 1.7-2.2 × cauda. Dorsal abdominal
hairs long, pointed and rather numerous; ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs
.….Uroleucon monticola
–
SIPH 0.9-1.8 × cauda. Dorsal abdominal hairs pointed or blunt; ABD
TERG 8 with 2-8 hairs
.….39
39
R IV+V 1.6-1.9 × HT II, and bearing 17-24 accessory hairs. (ANT III with 10-30 rhinaria)
..…Uroleucon astronomus
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.75 × HT II,
and bearing 6-16 accessory hairs
…..40
40
R
IV+V 1.4-1.75 × HT II, and bearing 6-10 accessory hairs. ANT III with 25-63
rhinaria
…..41
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II, and bearing 6-16 accessory hairs. ANT III with
4-47 rhinaria
…..42
41
ANT III black and longer than SIPH
…..Uroleucon picridis
–
ANT III pale and shorter
than (less than 0.9 ×) SIPH
…..Uroleucon asteriae*
42
SIPH with polygonal reticulation on distal
0.35-0.4 of length. Tibiae entirely dark. ANT III with 13-47 rhinaria
(usually more than 20)
.….Uroleucon atripes
–
SIPH with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.23-0.35 of length. Tibiae variably pigmented, but if entirely dark then ANT III has less
than 20 rhinaria
.….43
43
Hind
tibia with a ventral row of short peg-like hairs. Dorsal abdominal hairs long
and fine-pointed (longest more
than 90 μm)
..…Uroleucon fuchuense
–
Hind tibia without a row
of short peg-like hairs. Dorsal abdominal hairs pointed or blunt, maximally
c.70 μm long
.….44
44
R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II
..…45
–
R IV+V 1.15-1.4 × HT II
…..48
45
SIPH 0.9-1.0× cauda. ANT III with 6-17
rhinaria
…..Macrosiphoniella aizhanae*
–
SIPHmore than 1.3× cauda. ANT III with 16-46 rhinaria
…..46
46
SIPH c.1.8 × cauda. ANT III with 36-42
rhinaria
…..Uroleucon asteromyzon
–
SIPH 1.4-1.6 × cauda. ANT
III with 16-39(-46)rhinaria
…..47
47
Cauda with15-29 hairs.ABD TERG
8 with 2-4 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-0.6 × BD III
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
Cauda with c.37 hairs.
ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.2 × BD III
…..Uroleucon kamtshaticum*
48
Tibiae entirely dark. ANT III with 4-16
rhinaria
.….Uroleucon
paucosensoriatum
–
Tibiae with paler section
on basal half. ANT III with 7-35 rhinaria
…..49
49
SIPH usually longer than (0.95-1.25 ×) ANT
III, and 0.29-0.35 × BL. Cauda with 21-36 hairs. ANT III with 7-17 rhinaria
..…Uroleucon olivei
–
SIPH usually shorter than
(0.7-1.05 ×) ANT III, and 0.21-0.29 × BL. Cauda with 12-27 hairs. ANT III
with 8-35 rhinaria
.….Uroleucon ambrosiae lizerianum
50
Coxae pale, and femora only dark over
distal 0.25 or less
…..Uroleucon floricola
–
Coxae dusky or dark, and
femora dark over at least distal 0.3
.….51
51
Tibiae
wholly dark. SIPH very thick, with apical diameter more than 0.5 of basal
diameter
..…Uroleucon pachysiphon
–
Tibiae with pale basal or
middle section. SIPH tapering apically to less than 0.5 of basal diameter
…..52
52
SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda, with reticulation
extending over distal 0.33-0.4. ANT III with 17-32 rhinaria
.….Uroleucon amamianum
–
SIPH 1.35-2.7 × cauda,
with reticulation on distal 0.15-0.33. ANT III with 11-19 or 48-c.70 rhinaria
..…53
53
ANT III with 11-19 rhinaria confined to
basal half of segment. (Al. with 32-54 rhinaria on ANT III)
….. Uroleucon lactucicola
–
ANT III with 47-c.70 rhinaria
extending over 0.69-0.75 of its length. (Al. with more than 73 rhinaria on
ANT III)
…..54
54
SIPH 1.88-1.98 × cauda. ANT III with
c.60-70 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon sileneobium*
–
SIPH 1.35-1.65 × cauda.
ANT III with 47-65 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon asterophagum
55
SIPH entirely dark, or only pale at base
…..56
–
SIPH pale or dusky,
somewhat darker on reticulated subapical part
…..57
56
Dorsal abdomen somewhat sclerotic, often
with dark markings. Longest hairs on ANT III less than 0.5 × BD III. tibiae
mainly pale
.….Sitobion africanum
–
Dorsal abdomen
membranous, pale. Longest hairs on ANT III more than 0.5 × BD III. Tibiae
mainly dark
..…Macrosiphum pallidum
57
R IV+V 1.4-2.1 × HT II, with 14-45
accessory hairs
…..58
–
R IV+V 0.8-1.2 × HT II,
with 7-10 accessory hairs
…..59
58
R IV+V not more than 2 × its basal width,
with 34-45 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs. ANT BASE VI
2.7-3.3 × HT II
..…Macrosiphum olmsteadi
–
R IV+V more than 2 × its
basal width, with 14-28 accessory hairs. First tarsal segments with 5 hairs.
ANT BASE VI 1.4-1.7 × HT II
..…Illinoia subviride
59
Hairs on ANT III very short and
inconspicuous, the longest about 0.33 × BD III. SIPH clearly somewhat swollen
proximal to reticulated subapical zone, which is only 0.03-0.05 of total
length of SIPH
…..Illinoia goldamaryae
–
Hairs on ANT III conspicuous, the longest 0.5 × BD III or longer. SIPH
cylindrical or very slightly swollen proximal to reticulated subapical zone,
which is 0.13-0.2 of its total length
..…Macrosiphum euphorbiae
60
ANT tubercles moderately to well developed, with inner faces convergent, parallel or divergent, projecting considerably beyond middle part of front of head in dorsal view
..…61
–
Front of headsinuous, straight or convex in
dorsal view, with ANT tubercles absent or, if at all developed, then broadly
divergent and not or hardly projecting beyond middle of head in dorsal view
…..75
61
Head and inner face of ANT I
spiculose/scabrous, and ANT tubercles rather low with inner faces broadly
divergent. ANT III with 4-11 rhinaria on basal part. R IV+V 1.4-1.8 × HT II.
SIPH 2.5-3.2 × cauda. Tergum extensively scleotised
…..62
–
If head and ANT I are both
spiculose or scabrous then inner
faces of ANT tubercles are steep-sided or apically convergent, ANT III has
either 0-2 rhinaria near base or 4-12 distributed over most of its length,
and other characters not in above combination
…..63
62
ANT
PT/BASE 6.3-6.9. R IV+V 1.4-1.5 × HT II. SIPH 2.5-2.8 × cauda
…..Chitinosiphum kalimeris*
–
ANT
PT/BASE 7.0-8.6. R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II. SIPH 2.7-3.2 × cauda
…..Chitinosiphum doellingeriae*
63
Cuticle of head almostsmooth or with spicules only ventrally. Inner face of ANT I
almost smooth
…..64
–
Cuticle of headdensely spiculose, nodulose or scabrous,
dorsally as well as ventrally. Inner face of ANT I nodulose or scabrous
…..66
64
ANT III with 17-29 rhinaria distributed
along most of its length
…..Aulacorthum asteris
–
ANT III with 0-5 rhinaria
on basal half
…..65
65
Dorsal hairs with expanded apices. SIPH
pale. Cauda conical, with 5 hairs. R IV+V shorter than HT II
..…Pleotrichophorus asterifoliae
–
Dorsal hairs with blunt apices. SIPH dark except at base, with some
ill-defined subapical reticulation. Cauda long and finger-like, with 6-7
hairs. R IV+V longer than HT II
..…Acyrthosiphon bidenticola
66
Dorsal abdomen with a large, roughly
horseshoe-shaped dark patch, and broad dark bars on dorsal thorax
.…. Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsal abdomen without a
large dark patch (in aptera)
..…67
67
Subgenital plate strongly produced
posteriorly, broadly conical (Fig.15d). SIPH
tapering from a broad base, narrow on distal half (Fig.15e)
.….Myzus siegesbeckicola
–
Subgenital plate normal.
SIPH not tapering from a broad base, cylindrical or slightly to moderately
swollen on distal half
…..68
68
Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark
intersegmental markings
.….Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal abdomen without
intersegmental markings
..…69
69
SIPH tapering/cylindrical
…..70
–
SIPH swollen on distal
half
…..73
70
ANT III with 4-12 secondary rhinaria
distributed in a line over most of its length. ANT PT/BASE 5.4-7.2
…..Aulacorthum asteriphagum*
–
ANT III with 0-3 small
rhinaria near base. ANT PT/BASE c.2.7-5.5
…..71
71
ANT longer than body with ANT PT/BASE
4.0-5.5. ANT III with (0-)1-2(-3) small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
ANT shorter than body
with ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.8. ANT III without rhinaria R IV+V c. 2.5 × HT II and
bearing c.20 accessory hairs. ANT III without rhinaria
…..72
72
R
IV+V c. 2.5 × HT II and bearing c.20 accessory hairs
…..Myzus sp. (Korea, BMNH collection)
–
R IV+V 1.01-1.43 × HT II
with c.8 accessory hairs
…..Myzus asterale*
73
Head and ANT I dusky to dark. R IV+V
1.7-2.1 × HT II. (Al. with broad dark bands along the wing veins)
..…Neotoxoptera yasumatsui
–
Head and ANT I pale. R
IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II. (Al. with unbordered wing veins)
…..74
74
SIPH 4-9 times longer than their minimum
width, clearly shorter than head width across eyes (Fig.15f). ANT
PT/BASE 2.5-3.0
…..Myzus asteriae
–
SIPH 9-15 times longer
than their minimum width, as long as or longer than head width across eyes.
ANT/PT BASE 2.8-5.1
…..Myzus persicae
75
Tarsi completely absent from all legs
..…Atarsos grindeliae
–
Tarsi present
…..76
76
SIPH smooth, conical, less than twice as
long as their basal width, usually with an annular incision proximal to the
flange (e.g. Fig.15g).
ANT tubercles completely undeveloped, so that front of head is convex in dorsal
view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without marginal tubercles (MTu)
..…77
–
SIPH imbricated and more
than twice their basal width, with no subapical annular incision. ANT
tubercles weakly developed, so that front of head has sinuous outline in
dorsal view. MTu always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
..…79
77
SIPH
shorter than their basal width. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with marginal tubercles
(MTu)
Xerobion ulytavicum*
–
SIPH longer than their basal width. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles
..…78
78
Cauda helmet-shaped, with all hairs long
and fine-pointed
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda broad at base,
narrower on distal part, with an apical hair that is usually hooked or blunt
(Fig.15h)
…..Acuticauda asterensis
79
Stridulatory
apparatus present, consisting of a row of very short peg-like hairs on hind
tibiae and a pattern of cuticular ridges on abdominal sternites 5-6
.….Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
No stridulatory apparatus
..…80
80
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid
black patch
.….Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without an
extensive solid black patch; with or without segmentally divided or scattered
black markings
.….81
81
ANT III (in normal apt.) with 1-14
rhinaria. SIPH 0.7-1.2 × R IV+V. Dorsal abdomen with variable, often rather
extensive, dark patches
…..Protaphis middletonii
–
ANT III without rhinaria
(except in alatiform apt). SIPH more than 1.5 × R IV+V. Dorsal abdomen without
or with a few scattered markings anterior to SIPH
..…82
82
SIPH 0.24-0.40 × BL, about twice as long as
the much paler cauda. Head, ANT I, II
and basal part of III very pale, contrasting with dark rest of ANT
.….Aphis coreopsidis
–
SIPH only up to 0.2 × BL.
Cauda pale or dark. Head and antennal segments differently pigmented
.….83
83
Cauda dark with 4-6 hairs. Hind tibiae
entirely dark
…..Aphis astericola*
–
Cauda either pale/dusky
with 4-9 hairs, or dusky/dark with 7-27 hairs. Hind tibiae with at least
middle section pale/dusky
..…84
84
ABD
TERG 2-5 mostly bearing MTu. SIPH and cauda both dusky. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.9.
Cauda with 5-9 hairs. (Al. with 1-6 rhinaria on ANT IV, and 0-2 on V)
..…Aphis tripolii
–
ABD
TERG2-5 usually without MTu,
sometimes with small ones on some segments. SIPH dark, cauda dark, dusky or
pale. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. Cauda with 4-27 hairs. (Al. with 0-2 rhinaria on
ANT IV, 0 on V)
.….for separation of the remaining polyphagous Aphis spp. (asclepiadis, fabae, gossypii, spiraecola),
use relevant couplets in polyphagous
aphids key
ANT III with 3-26 rhinaria. SIPH black, dorsum
with an extensive solid dark shield. SIPH widest at c.0.8-0.85 of length,
where diameter is c.1.5 × that of narrowest part of stem. SIPH c.0.33 × BL
…..Taiwanomyzus
montanus
–
ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria.SIPH dusky, dorsum with
segmentally-divided dark sclerites. SIPH widest at c. 0.6-0.7 of length,
where diameter is c.2 × that of narrowest part of stem. SIPH c. 0.25 × BL
Brachyunguis
[astragali Narzikulov
and Umarov 1972
(nomen nudum)];
Microparsus
tephrosiae;
Therioaphis
arnaultae, azerbaidjanica, khayami
Key to aphids on Astragalus and Astracantha:-
(Couplets 1-13 are applicable to both apterae and
alatae)
1
Fore coxae greatly enlarged.SIPH in form of truncate cones. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed.
Dorsal hairs usually with expanded apices, and/or often arising from
tuberculate bases (Figs
16a-c)
.….2
–
Fore coxae normal. Form of SIPH various.
Caudatongue- or finger-shaped,
anal plate entire. Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices, and never
arising from tuberculate bases
..…14
2
Knob of cauda surmounted by a conical or
finger-like process (e.g. Fig.16d-e)
…..3
–
Knob of cauda without a conical or finger-like
process (Fig.16f-g)
.….7
3
SIPH black. Head and thorax with a black
longitudinal spinal band, having a narrow unpigmented median suture. ABD TERG
1 with black pleural and marginal sclerites, and ABD TERG 2 with black
marginal sclerites. ANT III of apt. with 2-4 secondary rhinaria .
.…Bicaudella
denaensis
–
SIPH pale. Dorsum without such conspicuous black
markings. ANT III of apt. without any rhinaria
..…4
4
Rostrum 0.31-0.40 × BL, with R IV+V 1.65-1.97
× HT II, and bearing 7-9 accessory hairs
…..Bicaudella rostrata
–
Rostrum 0.17-0.31 × BL, with R IV+V
0.74-1.42 × HT II and bearing 4-6 accessory hairs
.….5
5
Front of head with median projection weakly developed
and hairs not arising from clearly tuberculate bases (Fig.16a). R IV+V
1.23-1.42 × HT II
.….Bicaudella
astragalensis
–
Front of head with a well developed median
projection bearing hairs arising from tuberculate bases (Fig.16b, c). R IV+V
0.51-0.93 × HT II
…..6
6
Caudal knob bearing a conical or
finger-like process which is 60-80 μm long (Fig.16d). Median
frontal projection quadrate, bearing hairs arising from low tuberculate bases
(Fig.16b). Dorsal cuticle generally pale, with abdominal hairs arising from
pale tuberculate bases. SIPH 1.8-2.4 times longer than their basal widths
..…Bicaudella farsiana
–
Caudal knob with a small conical process
22-38 μm long (Fig.16e). Median frontal projection bearing hairs arising
from large conical to cylindrical bases, longer than their basal widths
(Fig.16c). Dorsal cuticle of head and thorax lightly pigmented, with a narrow
unpigmented spinal suture, and dark rings of pigment around the bases of the
dorsal abdominal hairs. SIPH 1.2-1.5 times longer than their basal widths
…..Bicaudella
laurestanica
7
ABD TERG 1-5 each with 4-5 hairs, which are
only 5-11 μm long
…..Therioaphis
arnaultae
–
ABD TERG 1-5 each with 4-15 hairs which are 19-85
μm long
…..8
8
ABD TERG 1-5 (of al.) each with only 4
hairs (one spinal pair and one marginal pair)
…..9
–
ABD
TERG 1-5 (apt. and al.) each with at least 6 hairs
…..10
9
(Al.) Forewing with pterostigma more than
twice as long as broad and mainly pale with thick black border. R IV+V
0.75-1.0 × HT II. ABD TERG 1-5 with hairs 40-60 μm long
…..Therioaphis
astragali
–
(Al.) Forewing with pterostigma 1.8-2.0 ×
longer than broad and mainly black with small pale centre. R IV+V 0.57-0.68 ×
HT II. ABD TERG 1-5 with hairs 19-40 μm long
…..Therioaphis
pteromaculata
10
ABD TERG 8 with 2 hairs, or rarely, 3. ABD TERG
1-5 each usually with 6 hairs. Tibiae without any spiculose ornamentation.
ANT PT/BASE 0.46-0.69
..…Therioaphis
kermanica
–
ABD TERG 8 with 4-9 hairs. ABD TERG 1-5 mostly
with more than 6 hairs. Tibiae ornamented with spicules at least distally.
ANT/PT BASE 0.77-1.4
.….11
11
ANT PT 0.90-1.31 × R IV+V, which bears 8-10
accessory hairs. R IV+V 1.03-1.14 × HT II
.….Therioaphis
azerbaidjanica
–
ANT PT more than 1.8 × R IV+V, which bears 3-6
accessory hairs. R IV+V 0.67-0.92 × HT II
..…12
12
Cauda less than 150 μm long, only
1.40-1.77 × R IV+V and 1.20-1.46 × HT II, with a subspherical apical knob
that is about as long as wide and bears 7-9 hairs (Fig.16f). Dorsal
hairs rather fine and not distinctly expanded apically. ANT III of apt. with
0-5 rhinaria
..…Therioaphis
khayami
–
Cauda 190-230 μm long, 2.26-2.45 × R IV+V
and 1.56-1.78 × HT II, with a knob that is longer than wide and bears 11-16
hairs (Fig.16g). Dorsal hairs rather thick with distinctly expanded apices.
ANT III of apt. with 4-10 rhinaria
.….13
13
Ventral abdomen with large black submarginal
sclerites, each encompassing the bases of 5-6 ventral hairs
…..Therioaphis
trifolii ssp. ventromaculata
–
Ventral abdomen usually without any
submarginal sclerites, sometimes with small or fragmented dusky-dark
sclerites, each encompassing bases of 1-4 hairs
.….Therioaphis
trifolii
14
Front of head with well-developed ANT tubercles,
their inner faces divergent, parallel or apically convergent. ABD TERG 1 and 7
without marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH pale or dark and cauda pale or dusky.
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings
..…15
–
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle of head in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu. SIPH usually
and cauda often black. Dorsal abdomen often with dark markings
..…23
15
SIPH 1.0-1.1 × cauda, and distinctly clavate
…..Microparsus
tephrosiae
–
SIPH 1.2-3.3 × cauda; tapering, or cylindrical on
distal part, or slightly clavate
.….16
16
ANT BASE VI 1.8-3.0 × R IV+V. SIPH attenuate
distally
…..17
–
ANT BASE VI 1.1-1.7 × R IV+V. SIPH not attenuate
distally
…..19
17
SIPH 0.42-0.50 × BL and 2.2-3.5 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon gossypii (incl.
umarovi)
–
SIPH 0.22-0.38 × BL, and
1.2-1.9 × cauda
…..18
18
ANT and SIPH mainly dark. ANT III with 4-10
secondary rhinaria. ANT VI BASE 2.8-3.0 × R IV+V
…..Acyrthosiphon extremiorientale*
–
ANT and SIPH mainly pale.
ANT III with 1-5 secondary rhinaria. ANT VI BASE 1.5-2.5 × R IV+V
…..
Acyrthosiphon pisum
19
Head spinulose. ANT tubercles with inner faces
approximately parallel or apically convergent. R IV+V 0.9-1.4 × HT II
…..20
–
Head smooth. ANT tubercles with inner faces divergent. R IV+V 0.75-0.92 × HT II
…..21
20
ANT tubercles with inner faces approximately
parallel. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, without any distal swelling. ANT III
with 1-3 small rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
ANT tubercles with inner faces apically
convergent. SIPH slightly clavate. ANT III without rhinaria
…..Myzus
persicae
21
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 38-48 μm
long, about equal to BD III. SIPH 2.0-2.6 × cauda
.….
Acyrthosiphon astragali
–
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 15-36
μm long, 0.5-0.6 × BD III. SIPH 1.2-2.1 × cauda
.….22
22
SIPH 1.6-2.1 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 4.1-6.0
…..Acyrthosiphon
kondoi
–
SIPH 1.2-1.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 2.7-4.2
…..Acyrthosiphon
loti
23
ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH pale and 0.57-0.91 × cauda
.….Brachyunguis skafi
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH dark, 0.5-2.5 × cauda
…..24
24
Well-developed, dome-like MTu present on all of
ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5, as well as 1 and 7 (Fig.16h)
…..25
–
MTuabsent
from, or only sporadically present, and usually small, on ABD TERG 2-5
…..26
25
ANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.2. SIPH 1.6-2.1 × cauda. Hairs on ANT III
short and blunt, shorter than BD III
…..Aphis
astragalicola
–
ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.1. SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda. Hairs
on ANT III finely pointed, longer than BD III
…..Aphis
ciceri
26
SIPH much darker than cauda. Dorsal abdomen
without any dark markings. Cauda with 4-8 hairs
Aphis
gossypii
–
SIPH and cauda similarly dark. Dorsal abdomen
with dark markings at least posteriorally. Cauda with 4-25 hairs
…..27
27
Hairs on ANT III0.3-0.75 × BD III. Dorsal abdomen usually with a solid black
shield extending over all of ABD TERG 1-6. Cauda with 4-9 hairs
..…Aphis craccivora
–
Hairs on ANT III 0.8-2.2 × BD III. Dorsal abdomen with scattered or segmentally-divided black markings, or with a variably developed or fragmented black shield that does not usually extend laterally to unite with marginal sclerites on ABD TERG 1-3. Cauda with 7-25 hairs
…..28
28
SIPH almost always shorter than (0.5-1.1 ×)
cauda, which bears 8-16 hairs
…..29
–
SIPH usually longer than (0.8-1.9 ×) cauda, which
bears 7-25 hairs
.….32
29
Dorsal abdomenwith solid black shield extending over middle parts of ABD TERG
1-3 or 1-4 and completely across ABD TERG 4-6 or 5-6. ANT PT/BASE
(1.7-)1.9-2.4
…..Aphis craccae
–
Dorsal abdominal sclerotisation variable but all tergites with at least some intersegmental division. ANT PT/BASE 1.3-1.9 (-2.0)
…..30
30
SIPH 0.50-0.65 (-0.67) × cauda
…..Aphis
masoni
–
SIPH (0.65-) 0.70-1.1 × cauda
…..31
31
Dorsal abdomen
with spino-pleural bars on ABD TERG 4-6 or 5-6, but ABD TERG 1-2 (-3) only
ever with scattered small sclerites (Fig.16i). Cauda
tongue-shaped, 0.23-0.33 mm
Cauda hardly evident, very broadly rounded,
much less than 0.5 × longer than its basal width. Dorsum with black
sclerotisation. Small marginal tubercles present on ABD TERG 2-4, and spinal
tubercles on ABD TERG 7 and 8
…..Brachycaudus shaposhnikovi*
–
Cauda helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped, much
more than 0.5 × longer than its basal width, and other characters not in that
combination
SIPH very long and thin, 2.5-3.5 × cauda and
0.33-0.5 × BL
…..Acyrthosiphon
gossypii
–
SIPH (if present) not more than 2.5 × cauda or
0.33 × BL
…..2
2
ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.4
..…3
–
ANT PT/BASE either less than 0.3 or more than 1.4
.….7
3
SIPH dark
…..4
–
SIPH pale
…..5
4
ANT PT/BASE 1.0-1.4. SIPH cylindrical
…..Brachyunguis
bahamondesi
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.5-1.0. SIPH volcano-shaped
.….Xerobion
juchnevitchae*
5
Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 16-20 μm long,
0.8-1.0 × BD; hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 28-36 μm long, 1.4-1.8 × BD III
.….Brachunguis
harmalae
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 10-16 μm long,
0.5-0.7 × BD III; hairs on ABD TERG 8 are
15-30 μm long, 0.7-1.2 × BD III
..…6
6
R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × ANT PT. ANT PT/BASE
0.5-0.73. SIPH 0.05-0.095 mm long
…..
Brachyunguis tetrapteralis
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × ANT PT. ANT PT/BASE
0.70-1.0. SIPH 0.07-0.16 mm long
…..Brachyunguis
bonnevillensis
7
SIPH cylindrical or slightly swollen, only
0.5-0.7 × cauda, which bears 5-7 hairs
.….Hayhurstia
atriplicis
–
SIPH (if present) more than 0.7 × cauda
..…8
8
SIPH with polygonal reticulation extending over
distal 0.3-0.4 of length, and much shorter than the distance between their
bases
.….Metopeuraphis
atriplicis
–
SIPH (if present) without polygonal reticulation, or if such reticulation is present then it extends over less than distal
0.3 of length, and SIPH are as long as or longer than the distance between
their bases
Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD
TERG 2-4 (-6) as well as 1 and 7. Marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is 0.3-0.5 ×
height of adjacent tubercle. Cauda with 7-9 hairs
…..Aphis
axyriradicis
–
MTu absent from ABD TERG 2-6. Marginal hair
on ABD TERG 1 is about 0.9 × height of adjacent tubercle. Cauda with only 3-5
hairs
ANT about 0.25 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. Cauda and anal plate protruding
backward, dark
…..Prociphilus erigeronensis
–
ANT more than 0.4 × BL,
with ANT PT/BASE more than 1. SIPH present. Cauda and anal plate normal, pale
or dark
.….2
2
SIPH with a distal zone
of polygonal reticulation
…..3
–
SIPH without any
polygonal reticulation
…..14
3
SIPH with distal reticulation
on less than 0.07 of length and comprising only 2-4 rows of polygonal cells
…..Macrosiphum edrossi
–
SIPH with distal
reticulation on more than 0.1 of length and comprising more than 6 rows of
polygonal cells
…..4
4
Cauda with some apical
hairs usually short and blunt. SIPH pale at base, dark distally. Dorsal
cephalic hairs 18-35 μm long
.….Uroleucon erigeronense
–
Cauda with apical hairs
finely pointed like the more proximal hairs. SIPH variously pigmented. Dorsal
cephalic hairs 32-75 μm long
.….5
5
SIPH
usually more than 1.6 × cauda, which is 0.24-0.34 mm long and bears 7-12
hairs
.….6
–
SIPH usually less than
1.6 × cauda, which is 0.33-0.85 mm long and bears 9-31 hairs
….7
6
First tarsal segments
with 3 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 3.7-4.2. ANT
III with 3-6 rhinaria, on basal half. R IV+V shorter than HT II. SIPH pale at
base and lacking imbrication on basal half
..…Uroleucon essigi
–
First tarsal segments with 4-5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE 4.1-5.3. ANT III with 5-14 rhinaria extending onto
distal half. R IV+V longer than HT II. SIPH dark and imbricated to base
…..Uroleucon tucumani
7
SIPH 0.36-0.54 mm long,
0.9-1.1 × cauda, which is 0.36-0.51 mm long. R IV+V shorter than HT II
..…Uroleucon brevisiphon
–
SIPH 0.47-1.00 mm long, 1.1-1.6
× cauda which is 0.33-0.85 mm long. R IV+V longer or shorter than HT II
..…8
8
Cauda pale, contrasting
with dark brown-black SIPH and distal part of hind femur. SIPH 1.1-1.5 ×
cauda, which is 0.46-0.85 mm long
…..9
–
Cauda somewhat pigmented,
not contrastingly pale in comparison with SIPH or, if SIPH are very dark, not
pale in comparison with distal part of hind femur. SIPH 1.3-1.6 × cauda,
which is 0.33-0.64 mm long
…..10
9
R
IV+V longer than ANT VI BASE. Cauda with 19-28 hairs
.….Uroleucon ambrosiae ssp. lizerianum
–
R IV+V shorter than ANT VI BASE. Cauda with 12-15 hairs
..…Uroleucon mendocinum
10
R IV+V 0.163-0.193 mm long, 1.1-1.3 × HT II
…..11
–
R IV+V 0.123-0.173 mm
long, 0.8-1.1 × HT II
..…13
11
Dorsal abdominal sclerites all pale and
inconspicuous. ANT PT/BASE more than 6. ANT III with 7-19 rhinaria (al. with
14-22)
…..Uroleucon chilense
–
Dorsal abdomen withdark post-siphuncular sclerites and
variably pigmented sclerites at bases of dorsal hairs. ANT PT/BASE 4.3-6.1
…..12
12
ANT
III with 18-29 rhinaria (al. with 24-39). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.4. Scleroites at
bases of dorsal abdominal hairs are as dark as the postsiphuncular sclerites
…..Uroleucon pseudomuermosum
–
ANT III with 4-16
rhinaria (al. with 33-50). ANT PT/BASE 5.0-6.1. Scleroites at bases of dorsal
hairs are paler than the postsiphuncular sclerites
…..Uroleucon paucosensoriatum
13
ANT I dark compared with II and basal part
of III, and dorsal abdomen with dark postsiphuncular sclerites and sclerites
around bases of dorsal hairs. ANT III with 7-15 rhinaria restricted to basal
half of segment (alata with 11-24)
…..Uroleucon macolai
–
ANT I, II and basal part of III similarly pale to dusky, and dorsal
abdominal sclerites pale. ANT III with 15-32 rhinaria distributed over most
of segment (alata with 21-35)
…..Uroleucon bereticum
14
ANT tubercles well developed, with inner
faces convergent and scabrous. SIPH pale and slightly to moderately clavate
..…Myzus persicae
–
ANT tubercles absent or weakly
developed, divergent and smooth. SIPH pale or dark, tapering
.….15
15
Cauda
helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width. SIPH short, truncate, smooth
and pale. Spiracular pores large and rounded. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent
..…Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda tongue-shaped,
usually longer than its basal width. SIPH pale or dark, tapering, with
imbrication. Spiracular pores reniform. MTu present at least on prothorax and
ABD TERG 1 and 7
..…16
16
SIPH pale. R IV+V with 3-10 accessory hairs
…..17
–
SIPH dark. R IV+V with 2
accessory hairs
…..18
17
ANT III usually with 1-15 rhinaria on
distal part, and IV with 0-4
…..Aphis solitaria
–
ANT III and IV without
rhinaria
…..Aphis oenotherae
18
Cauda paler than SIPH
…..19
–
Cauda as dark as SIPH
..…20
19
SIPH 0.14-0.20 × BL. Cauda pale or dusky. ANT PT/BASE 2.0-3.5
..…Aphis
gossypii
–
SIPH 0.25-0.40 × BL.
Cauda very pale. ANT PT/BASE 3.25-4.0
…..Aphis coreopsidis
20
Stridulatory
apparatus present (a row of short peg-like hairs on hind tibia and cuticular
ridges on abdominal sternites 5 and 6). ANT PT/BASE 3.7-5.1
…..Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
–
Stridulatory apparatus
absent. ANT PT/BASE 1.0-3.7
.….21
21
ABD TERG 2-6 usually without MTu; sometimes
with just 1-2 MTu per side (smaller than those on ABD TERG 1 and 7)
.….22
–
ABD TERG 2-6 (or at least
ABD TERG 2-4 or 2-5) consistently with MTu
.….26
22
Dorsal abdomen without any dark
sclerotisation
…..Aphis spiraecola
–
Dorsal abdomen at least
with marginal sclerites, usually with dark bands on ABD TERG 8, or 7 and 8, and often with dark
postsiphuncular sclerites and/or some dark markings anterior to SIPH, or with
much more extensive dark sclerotisation
…..23
23
ANT
PT/BASE 1.2-2.0, rarely more than 1.8.MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 large and often of irregular shape,
and sometimes with wrinkles or warts
…..Aphis ingeborgae*
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.6-4.0,
rarely less than 1.8. MTu on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 hemispherical or
hemiovoidal, without wrinkles or warts
…..24
24
Dorsal
abdomen usually with an extensive black sclerotic patch. Cauda with 4-9 hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen much less extensive, dispersed sclerotisation. Cauda
with 7-24 hairs
…..25
25
SIPH
often bearing 1-3 hairs; 1.6-2.5 × cauda, which bears 7-12 hairs
..…Aphis baccharicola
–
SIPH always without
hairs; 0.8-1.6 × cauda which bears 11-24 hairs
.….Aphis fabae
26
SIPH
short, 0.05–0.11 mm long, 1.2–2.9 × their
midlength diameter and 0.3–0.6 × cauda
..…Aphis fuentesi*
–
SIPH longer than 0.10 mm, at least 2.8 × their midlength diameter and at least 0.8 × cauda
…..27
27
MTu on ABD TERG 1, 7 and
usually all of ABD TERG 2-6 very broad, wider than adjacent spiracular sclerites.
R IV+V 0.12–0.14 mm long. Dorsal abdomen anterior to SIPH with variable
sclerotisation
..…Aphis conspicua*
–
MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7 (sometimes absent from 7) and
on ABD TERG 2–4 and 6 not broad, not wider than adjacent spiracular
sclerites. R IV+V 0.09–0.11 mm long. Dorsal abdomen anterior to SIPH without
any sclerotisation
ANT PT 1.4-1.8 × SIPH.ANT PT/BASE 5.9-8.8. Cauda 0.6-0.8 ×
R IV+V, which bears 9-14 accessory hairs. R IV+V 1.4-1.7 × HT II. SIPH
3.7-4.3 × cauda. ANT III and IV normally articulated
…..Cryptomyzus ballotae
–
ANT PT 4.4-6.5 × SIPH.ANT
PT/BASE 7.8-10.5. Cauda 1.2-1.5 × R IV+V, which bears 3-4 accessory hairs. R
IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. SIPH 1.0-1.5 × cauda. ANT III and IV often fused
…..Cryptomyzus alboapicalis
3
Cauda helmet-shaped,
shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsal abdomen dark, or with
dark cross-bands. Spiracles large and rounded
…..Brachycaudus ballotae
–
Cauda tongue-shaped,
longer than its basal width in dorsal view. Dorsum mainly or entirely pale.
Spiracles reniform
…..4
4
SIPH dark. ANT tubercles
weakly developed, front of head sinuous in outline in dorsal view. Marginal
tubercles (MTu) always present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
.….Aphis ballotae
–
SIPH pale. ANT tubercles
well developed, projecting well beyond middle of front of head in dorsal
view. MTu never present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
..…5
5
Head smooth. Cauda
constricted at base. SIPH usually slightly swollen distally, with a small
flange
.….Ovatomyzus sp.
–
Head spiculose. Cauda not
constricted at base. SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half, with a
moderate to large flange
…..6
6
Dorsal abdomen with a
pattern of dark intersegmental ornamentation.ANT III without any rhinaria. SIPH with a slight “S”-curve
….Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal
abdomen without any dark markings. ANT III with 1-2 small rhinaria near base.
SIPH straight
SIPH with a distinctly
paler basal part contrasting with dark distal part, and with polygonal
reticulation on distal 0.25-0.35 of total length. Distal caudal hairs usually
shorter and blunt or capitate
…..Uroleucon erigeronense
–
SIPH more uniformly pale,
dusky or dark, with or without polygonal reticulation. Distal caudal hairs
all pointed
…..2
2
SIPH pale and clearly
somewhat swollen proximal to a short reticulated subapical zone, which is only
0.03-0.05 of total length of SIPH (Fig.49a). Hairs
on ANT III very short and inconspicuous, the longest about 0.33 × BD III
…..Illinoia goldamaryae
–
SIPH pale, dusky or dark,
if pale with subapical reticulation then they are tapering, cylindrical or
only very slightly swollen proximal to reticulated zone, which is 0.13-0.20
of the total length, and the hairs on ANT III are conspicuous, the longest
0.5 × BD III or longer
About 40 species of aphid colonise members of the genus Bambusa. Many of these also occur on other bamboo genera, and the large number recorded from Bambusa may simply be because it is the best known genus. The key is an updated and expanded version of that provided by Blackman & Eastop (1984). It includes species recorded from unidentified bamboos, possibly not of this genus. The Hormaphidinae associated with bamboos are in need of further study to determine their life cycles and clarify taxonomic relationships, and reliable identification of Astegopteryx and Ceratovacuna to species is not usually possible in the present state of knowledge. Aoki et al. (2007) provide a key to bamboo-feeding Pseudoregma.
Key to apterae on Bambusa and other bamboos (but note separate keys are
provided for Arundinaria and Sasa):-
1
Aptera with multifacetted eyes and antennae
more than 0.4× BL or, if only alatae are present, these have usually
6-segmented antennae bearing circular, oval or elongate oval secondary rhinaria
…..2
–
Apterae with 3-facetted eyes and antennae
less than 0.4× BL. Alatae usually with 5-segmented antennae bearing
ring-like rhinaria which extend more than half-way around the circumference
of the antenna (not in Fordini)
…..14
2
Anal plate bilobed, cauda
knobbed. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.2. (All viviparae alate)
…..3
–
Anal plate entire, cauda tongue-shaped
(sometimes with a mid-way constriction). ANT PT/BASE at least 1.5
…..8
3
Abdomen with long, finger-like,
hair-bearing spinal and marginal tubercles, especially large marginally on
ABD TERG 4 (fig.
30E)
…..Chucallis
bambusicola
–
Abdomen at most with only small tubercles,
none longer than width at base
…..4
4
ANT PT/BASE 0.6 or less
…..5
–
ANT PT/BASE at least 0.75
…..7
5
Clypeus without an anterioventral
projection. ANT I more than 1.5× longer than wide
…..Neocranaphis
bambusicola
–
Clypeus with a nose-like anterioventral
projection. ANT I about as long as wide
…..6
6
Dorsal abdominal hairs 30-35 µm long,
at most equal to basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/ BASE
0.5-0.6. Dorsal abdominal sclerites small
…..Subtakecallis
brevisetosa
–
Dorsal abdominal hairs 60-95 µm,
much longer than the basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT/BASE
0.24-0.30. Dorsal sclerites large, at least on ABD TERG 3-4
…..Subtakecallis
pilosa
7
Eyes without ocular
tubercles. SIPH cones very flat, mammariform
…..Phyllaphoides
bambusicola
–
Eyes with ocular tubercles. SIPH cones truncate
…..Takecallis spp. (for separation see couplets 6-11 of key to aphids on Arundinaria)
8
Antennae of aptera 5-segmented with longest
hairs 3 or more × basal diameter of ANT III. ANT PT often markedly
curved
…..Rhopalosiphum
rufiabdominale
–
Antennae of aptera 6-segmented with
much shorter hairs. ANT PT not markedly curved
…..9
9
SIPH short and truncate, similar in length
to the equally dark cauda
…..10
– SIPH
at least 1.4 × the paler cauda
…..11
10
Hairs on ANT III short and inconspicuous, maximally about 0.5 × basal diameter of segment. Alata with dark wing veins
…..Melanaphis bambusae
–
Hairs on ANT III at least 2-3 times longer
than basal diameter of segment. Alata with wing veins not deeply
pigmented
…..
Melanaphis meghalayensis
11
SIPH without a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda long and pale, with only 4 hairs
…..Hysteroneura setariae
–
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. Cauda pale or dusky with about 8 hairs
…..12
12
SIPH of aptera 1.4-1.9 ×
cauda
…..Sitobion miscanthi
–
SIPH of aptera 2.0-2.7 × cauda
…..13
13
Caudaof aptera0.16-0.17× BL, and c. 4.1 × HT II, and
tapering to an almost pointed apex
…..Sitobion bambusicola
–
Cauda of
aptera 0.12-0.14 × BL, and 1.8-2.7× HT II; rounded at apex and usually
showing a slight midway constriction
…..Sitobion fragariae
14
SIPH pores absent
…..15
–
SIPH pores present
…..17
15
Dorsal abdomen with honeycomb-like wax
pore plates especially on posterior tergites. HT I with 2 hairs
…..Pemphigussp.
–
No wax pore plates. HT I with 4 or
more hairs
…..16
16
ANT III less than 2×ANT II. Dorsum densely hairy. BL (of aptera) 1.5-2.5 mm
…..Smynthurodes betae
–
ANT III more than 2× ANT II. Dorsum sparsely hairy. BL 2.7-3.7 mm
…..Forda
hirsuta
17
Body of aptera including head with a continuous row of small wax glands forming a complete, crenulate margin
…..18
–
Body of aptera without a complete
crenulate margin of wax glands
…..19
18
Body of aptera narrowly oval; BL about 2× greatest width. Entire dorsal cuticle ornamented with numerous small, nodulose wax glands. R IV+V longer than HT II
…..Aleurodaphis antennata
–
Body of aptera broadly oval to almost
circular; BL maximally about 1.5× its greatest width (fig. 30A). Dorsum without nodules. R IV+V shorter than HT II
…..Cerataphis bambusifoliae
19
Head of aptera without frontal horns. Dorsal and marginal body hairs thick and spine-like, and usually long
…..Glyphinaphis
bambusae
–
Head of aptera with a pair of
forwardly-directed frontal horns. Body hairs short, or if long then
fine
…..20
20
Cauda rounded and anal plate entire. Frontal horns of adult aptera usually longer than ANT I and II combined
…..21
–
Cauda knob-like, anal plate bilobed. Frontal horns of adult aptera not longer than ANT I + II combined
…..23
21
Frontal horns of aptera only c.1.33 × ANT II. Dorsal abdomen with 4 longitudinal rows of wax glands (spinal as well as marginal)
…..Ceratoglyphina brachyskeroae
–
Frontal horns at least 2 × ANT II.
Dorsal abdomen with only marginal rows of wax glands
…..22
22
Frontal horns of aptera with 8-10 hairs, the longest 22-33 µm. SIPH with 4-6 surrounding hairs
…..Ceratoglyphina bambusae (or styracicola)
–
Frontal horns of aptera with 14-18 hairs,
the longest 60-65 µm. SIPH with 6-11 surrounding hairs
…..Ceratoglyphina
bengalensis
23
SIPH pores placed on shallow cones encircled by long fine hairs. Dorsum mainly membranous, with any sclerotised areas non-pustulate. Aptera with wax pore plates if present usually arranged in longitudinal marginal rows
…..24
–
SIPH pores on small pigmented shallow
cones and usually without a ring of fine hairs; if with hairs then sclerotic
areas of dorsum have numerous small pustules. Wax pore plates of aptera
if present not arranged in
longitudinal marginal rows
…..31
24
Frontal horns of aptera with rounded apices
…..25
–
Frontal horns of aptera with pointed
apices
…..28
25
Marginal wax pore plates of aptera in clusters
…..Astegopteryx liukueinensis*
–
Marginal wax pore plates of aptera either
in rows or completely absent
…..26
26
ABD TERG 6 of aptera usually with 3 or more hairs, and ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with 9-15 hairs (in addition to the hairs near the wax glands). Marginal wax pore plates often touching each other over half their width, so that the adpressed margins are straight (fig. 30B)
…..Astegopteryx formosana or A. bambusae (part) – see text
–
ABD TERG 6 of aptera usually with 2 hairs,
and ABD TERG 2 and 3 each with 4-11 hairs (in addition to those near the wax
glands). Marginal wax pore plates if developed mostly touching over
much less than half their width, and therefore more rounded
…..27
27
Marginal wax pore plates of aptera small (10-15 µm diameter), rounded, not touching each other (fig. 30B), and sometimes completely absent from some or all segments
…..Astegopteryx minuta
–
Marginal wax pore plates of aptera
larger, diameter mostly 20-40 µm, usually touching over some distance in
middle (fig. 30B), present on most segments
…..Astegopteryx
bambusae (part)
28
Frontal horns of adult aptera narrowed distally and acutley pointed apically, more than 1.5× ANT I, and usually about as long as ANT I + II together
…..Astegopteryx pallida
–
Frontal horns of adult aptera short,
conical, broad-based, about equal in length to or shorter than ANT I
…..29
29
Frontal horns of aptera much shorter than
ANT I, only 0.04-0.08 × head width across eyes. Marginal wax pore plates form
clusters when well developed
…..Astegopteryx
glandulosa
–
Frontal horns of aptera similar in length
to ANT I, 0.09-0.24 × head width across eyes. Marginal wax pore plates
form longitudinal rows when well developed
…..30
30
SIPH of aptera usually with 2-3 surrounding hairs (rarely up to 7), and 2-3 hairs on ABD TERG 5 between SIPH. Total antennal length 0.65-0.85× width of head across eyes. R IV+V 0.73-0.92× HT II
…..Astegopteryx basalis
–
SIPH of aptera with 4-11 surrounding
hairs, and 3-7 hairs on ABD TERG 5 between SIPH. Total antennal length
0.7-1.1 × head width across eyes. R IV+V 0.55-0.70 × HT II
…..Astegopteryx singaporensis
31
Dorsal cuticle of aptera uniformly sclerotised
…..32
–
Aptera with at least the abdominal
tergites partly membranous
…..33
32
Frontal horns of aptera thumb-shaped; cylindrical with broadly rounded apices, even in immature individuals. Wax pores all dispersed, not forming wax pore plates, even on ABD TERG 8
…..Chaitoregma tattakana
–
Frontal horns of aptera conical, their
apices rounded in adults, narrower and more pointed in immatures. Wax
pore plates present, at least as a central group on ABD TERG 8 (fig. 30F)
…..Pseudoregma
pendleburyi
33
Sclerotic areas of dorsum, especially head and pronotum, evenly covered with small rounded or irregularly shaped pustules or denticles (e.g. fig. 30C)
…..34
–
Sclerotic areas of cuticle smooth or
slightly wrinkled
…..37
34
R IV+V conical, tapering gradually to tip, 0.15-01.6 mm long
…..Pseudoregma baenzigeri
–
R IV+V tapering abruptly at tip and less
than 0.12 mm long
…..35
35
Apterae elongate pear-shaped
….Pseudoregma alexanderi
–
Apterae broadly oval
…..36
36
Aptera often without spinal wax glands. ABD TERG 1-5 may have 1-4 wax pore plates in paired spinal groups; there may be 1-2 centrally on ABD TERG 7 and 1-4 centrally on ABD TERG 8. Alatae have secondary rhinaria distributed III 25-48, IV 11-20, V 4-13, and SIPH with a posterior extension of the perisiphuncular sclerite
…..Pseudoregma
bambucicola/ carolinensis
–
Aptera usually with well-developed wax
glands on paired spinal sclerites, only rarely without. ABD TERG 1-5
usually have 1-13 large wax pore plates in each spinal group, and 3-4 on ABD
TERG 8, but usually none on ABD TERG 7. Alatae have secondary rhinaria
distributed III 22-30, IV 6-12, V 7-11, and SIPH with a very small
perisiphuncular sclerite without any posterior extension
…..Pseudoregma
montana/koshunensis
37
Aptera with wax pore plates well developed only on margins of body, except for a large medial group on the ABD TERG 8
…..38
–
Aptera with wax pore plates well-developed
spinally as well as marginally
…..39
38
Aptera with SIPH cones lightly sclerotised and bearing some long, fine hairs. Wax pore plates on ABD TERG 8 arranged in a row
…..Ceratovacuna indica*
–
Aptera with SIPH cones low, well
sclerotised and without hairs. Wax pore plates on ABD TERG 8 not in a
row (e.g. fig.
30G)
…..Ceratovacuna
japonica/longifila/floccifera
39
Aptera with wax pore plates very large and numerous, almost occupying the whole of the dorsal cuticle (fig. 30D)
…..Ceratovacuna silvestrii
–
Aptera with fewer
wax pore plates; most abdominal tergites with one spinal group and one
marginal group on each side
ANT tubercles less well
developed or absent, so that outline of front of head is sinuate, straight or
convex in dorsal view
…..3
3
SIPH
as very short, pigmented cones, less than 0.5 × the short, triangular cauda.
Apt. with secondary rhinaria on distal part of ANT III, and also usually on
IV and V
..…Pseudobrevicoryne buhri
–
SIPH tubular, at least 0.6 × cauda. ANT of apt. without secondary
rhinaria
…..4
4
SIPH
tapering. Marginal tubercles (MTu) always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and
7
..…5
–
SIPH usually somewhat
swollen. MTu never present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
.….7
5
ANT
PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. SIPH and cauda pale or dusky. Cauda with 5-11 hairs. (Alata
with 25-60 secondary rhinaria on ANT III, 9-25 on IV and 7-17 on V)
.….Aphis triglochinis
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-3.5. SIPH
and cauda black. Cauda with 11-25 hairs. (Alata with 7-33 secondary rhinaria
on ANT III, 0-10 on IV and 0-2 on V)
…..6
6
Dorsal abdomen with dark cross
bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8, and usually with some dark markings anterior to
SIPH (in addition to dark intersegmental muscle sclerites). Longest hairs on
ANT III 0.7-2.2 × BD III
…..Aphis fabae
–
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Longest hairs on ANT III
c.0.6-0.7 × BD IIII
…..Aphis
mizutakarashi*
7
ANT III 1.2-1.7 × SIPH. ABD TERG 2-4 usually without dark markings
(except intersegmental ones) in mounted preparations. Cauda tongue-shaped to elongate
triangular
…..Lipaphis pseudobrassicae
–
ANT III 1.8-3.7 × SIPH.
ABD TERG 2-4 usually with dark spots or cross-bands; if not then cauda is
bluntly triangular
…..8
8
Dorsal body hairs mostly
short with expanded, fan-shaped apices
..…Brevicoryne crambe
–
Dorsal body hairs with
blunt or pointed apices
…..9
9
Tibiae pale except at
apices. Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerites. SIPH a little longer than the
bluntly triangular cauda
.….Brevicoryne barbareae
–
Tibiae entirely dark.
Dorsal abdomen with dark sclerites. SIPH 0.7-1.0 × cauda
…..10
10
SIPH
0.6-0.8 × cauda which is tongue-shaped or elongate triangular, more than 1.5
× its basal width. ABD TERG all with large paired dark sclerites which may be
joined medially to form broad cross-bands
..…Brevicoryne sp. (barbareae
of David & Hameed 1975, nec Nevsky)
–
SIPH
0.8-1.0 × cauda which is broadly triangular, not longer than its basal width.
ABD TERG 1-5 with paired sclerites but these are usually small, and never
form cross-bands
(but specimens running to A. craccivora may be A. salsolae)
–
ANT PT/BASE0.8-1.4. SIPH 0.5-0.9 × cauda
…..6
6
SIPH in form of dark, broad-based
cones, shorter than their basal widths (Fig.36f). Cauda
bluntly conical, shorter than its basal width. Clypeus dark and swollen, but
not globose (Fig.36e)
…..Xerobion eriosomatinum
–
SIPH pale or dusky, tubular, often slightly swollen, much longer than
their basal widths (Fig.36i). Cauda finger-like, longer than its basal width.
Clypeus globose (Fig.36d)
Dorsum with an extensive
black sclerotic shield. Cauda a little shorter than its basal width,
helmet-shaped, with a slight basal constriction. Mesosternum with a pair of
dark mammari-form processes
SIPH swollen, with
maximum width of swollen part broader than base. Head smooth, with ANT
tubercles either weakly developed or with inner faces broadly divergent
…..2
–
SIPH tapering or, if slightly clavate, then maximum width of swollen part is
narrower than base, and head is nodulose with well-developed, convergent ANT
tubercles
…..7
2
SIPH
slightly and uniformly swollen over most of length, narrowing at base and apex,
with regularly-spaced, close-set spinulose imbrication (Fig.17a). Cauda
tongue-shaped with 20-30 rather short hairs (Fig.17d). ANT tubercles
well-developed, broadly divergent
..…Amegosiphon platicaudum
–
SIPH markedly clavate
(Figs 17b, c), and lacking imbrication except near apex. Cauda with less than 20 hairs (Figs 17e, f).
ANT tubercles variously developed
.….3
3
Cauda shorter than its basal width, with 12-18 hairs (Fig.17e). ANT
PT/BASE 2.0-2.75
..…Berberidaphis lydiae
–
Cauda much longer than
its basal width, with 5-8 hairs (Fig.17f). ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.9
…..4
4
Dorsum sclerotic, with variably developed dark pigmentation or a
complete dark shield
..…5
–
Dorsal abdomen pale
..…6
5
ANT PT/BASE 1.6-1.9.
Dorsal pigmentation variable. SIPH as long as or longer than head width
across (and including) eyes
…..Liosomaphis ornata
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.2-1.6. Dorsum
usually with a complete shield. SIPH shorter than head width across eyes
..…Liosomaphis atra
6
ANT 0.52-0.73 × BL, withANT PT/BASE 1.6-2.1
…..Liosomaphis himalayensis
–
ANT 0.4-0.5 × BL, with
ANT PT/BASE 0.8-1.4
…..Liosomaphis berberidis
7
ANT tubercles well developed, so that there is a deep frontal sinus.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
ANT tubercles weakly
developed, not or hardly projecting beyond middle part of front of head in
dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 always
with MTu
.….8
8
Stridulatory apparatus present, consisting of
a conspicuous pattern of ridges on ventro-lateral areas of abdominal
sternites 5 and 6, and a row of short, peg-like hairs on hind tibia
Cauda broad, bluntly
triangular, shorter than or not longer than its basal width
…..2
–
Cauda elongate
triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width
…..3
2
SIPH black and
volcano-shaped, with a large perisiphuncular sclerite. ANT III with 5-16
rhinaria and IV with 0-5
…..Smiela fusca
–
SIPH truncate conical or
barrel-shaped, without a dark perisiphuncular sclerite. ANT III and IV (of
apt.) without rhinaria
…..Brevicoryne brassicae
3
Dorsal hairs with
fan-shaped apices. Dorsal cuticle of
head, prothorax and ABD TERG 7-8 very rugose
..…Spatulophorus incanae
–
Dorsal hairs with blunt
or pointed apices. Dorsal cuticle rugose or not rugose
…..4
4
ANT III as long as or
longer than ANT IV+V together. Cuticle of front of head rugose. SIPH with
slight subapical swelling
…..5
–
ANT III shorter than ANT
IV+V together. Cuticle of front of head smooth, spiculose or nodulose. SIPH
tapering, cylindrical or clavate
…..6
5
ANT tubercles developed,
projecting about as far as median tubercle, so that front of head is sinuate
in outline in dorsal view. ANT more than 0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 1.8-2.7.
ABD TERG 8 without a rugose conical process
.….Lipaphis erysimi
–
ANT tubercles undeveloped, front of head convex in dorsal view. ANT less than 0.5 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE
1.6-2.0. ABD TERG 8 with a rugose conical process
.….Lipaphis ruderalis
6
ABD TERG 1-4 and 7 with marginal tubercles (MTu). SIPH are dusky to
dark, tapering, 0.13-0.17 × BL and 1.1-1.4 × the similarly pigmented slender
cauda, which bears 5 or 6 hairs
…..Aphis sp. (Czech Republic; BMNH collection)
–
MTu either absent or
usually only on ABD TERG 1 and 7; rarely on 2-4, in which case other
characters are not in the same combination
…..7
7
MTu on ABD TERG 1 and 7
very large; diameter of MTu on ABD TERG 1 is at least 3 × length of adjacent marginal
hair (which is c.10 μm). SIPH without a distinct flange, 1.85-2.27 ×
cauda which bears 8-11 hairs
…..Aphis berteroae
–
Diameter of MTu (if
present) on ABD TERG 1 is 0.2-1.4 × length of adjacent marginal hair (which
is 10-40 μm). SIPH with a distinct flange, 0.8-2.5 × cauda which bears
4-25 hairs
ANT PT/BASE more than
0.6. SIPH present (with distal part swollen)
..…2
2
ABD TERG 8 with a
supracaudal process. ANT PT/BASE 0.6-1.3
..…3
–
No supracaudal process.
ANT PT/BASE 2.3-3.9
..…4
3
BL
4.4-5.7 × SIPH. SIPH 5.9-8.6 × maximum
diameter of swollen part and 8.3-11.5 × least diameter of stem, which is
about equal to the diameter of the hind tibiae at midlength
..…Cavariella aegopodii
–
BL
5.6-6.4 × SIPH. SIPH 3.5-4.6 × maximum
diameter of swollen part and 4.1-5.5 × least diameter of stem, which is about
1.5 × diameter of hind tibiae at midlength