Dorsal abdomen with dark
sclerites divided into polygons. R IV+V not longer than HT II. No
stridulatory apparatus
…..Aphis gaultheriae
–
Dorsal abdomen without
dark sclerites. R IV+V longer than HT II. Stridulatory apparatus present (fig.122)
….. Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii
3
Dorsal abdomen with dark
markings. Head with spicules, at least ventrally
…..4
–
Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings. Head with or without spicules
…..8
4
Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of intersegmental dark markings. ANT
PT/BASE 1.7-2.8
…..Myzus ornatus
–
Dorsal thorax and abdomen usually with extensive dark sclerotisation. ANT PT/BASE 3.2-5.2
…..5
5
Dorsal abdomen with a
roughly U-shaped dorsal patch. Headdensely
spiculose/nodulose dorsally and ventrally
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsal sclerotisation not U-shaped. Head with spicules mostly on
ventral side surface
…..6
6
ANT III without rhinaria.
SIPH 0.23-0.26 × BL
…..Ericaphis wakibae
–
ANT III with 1-5
rhinaria. SIPH 0.25-0.33 × BL
…..7
7
Dorsal cuticle very wrinkled, variably pigmented but often mostly
dark, with large marginal and post-siphuncular sclerites forming a broad dark
stripe on each side of body
…..Aulacorthum pterinigrum
–
Dorsal cuticle almost
smooth, variably pigmented in spino-pleural region but without dark marginal
sclerites anterior to SIPH
…..Aulacorthum dorsatum
8
ANT BASE VI 1.6-1.8 × R IV+V, which bears only 2 accessory hairs. SIPH
c.0.24 × BL, 6.5-7.5 × their diameter at midlength and 1.8-2.2 × cauda. ANT
III without rhinaria
…..Ericolophium sp. (Meghalaya, BMNH collection)
–
ANT BASE VI 0.8-1.55 × R IV+V, which bears 6-23 accessory hairs. SIPH
either relatively shorter or more slender. ANT III often with 1 or more
rhinaria on basal half
…..9
9
Inner faces of ANT
tubercles rugose or spiculose. SIPH without a distinct subapical zone of
polygonal reticulation (sometimes with subapical transverse striae and 1-2
rows of closed polygonal cells)
…..10
–
Inner faces of ANT
tubercles smooth. SIPH with a distinct subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of closed cells)
…..11
10
SIPH 1.5-1.75 × cauda. ANT tubercles low, with
inner faces divergent and median frontal tubercle well developed. ANT III
without rhinaria
…..Ericaphis scammelli
–
SIPH 2.1-2.5 × cauda. ANT tubercles
well-developed, with inner faces steep-sided, and median frontal tubercle
much lower or undeveloped. 1-2 small rhinaria usually present on ANT III
…..Aulacorthum
solani
11
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.5-1.0 × BD III. SIPH
pale, or dusky only at apices; cylindrical or swollen on distal half proximal
to reticulated region
…..12
–
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.2-0.4 × BD III. SIPH rather dark, and swollen on distal half proximal to reticulated section
…..13
12
SIPH distinctly swollen on distal half proximal
to reticulated region. ANT BASE VI long and thin, 2.2-2.6 × R IV+V
…..Macrosiphum
parvifolii
–
SIPH cylindrical on distal half, sometimes
a little constricted in reticulated region. ANT BASE VI 0.9-1.3 × R IV+V
…..Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
13
First tarsal segments with 5 hairs. RIV+V
with 15-23 accessory hairs
…..Illinoia lambersi
–
First tarsal segments with 3 (-4) hairs. R
IV+V with 7-11 accessory hairs
ANT tubercles well
developed. ANT III with 1-10 rhinaria. SIPH long, more than 10 × their width
at midlength, with a well-developed flange and reticulation on distal
0.13-0.2 of length
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
ANT tubercles not well developed. ANT III with 7-16 rhinaria. SIPH
less than 6 × their width at midlength, with a small flange and reticulation
on at least distal 0.33 of length
…..Metopeurum gentianae
3
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width, with 5 hairs
…..Brachycaudus gentianae (or cerasicola)
–
Cauda tongue-like, much
longer than its basal width, with 4-25 hairs
…..4
4
Cauda with 4-12 hairs.
Longest hairs on outer side of hind tibia less than 35 μm
…..5
–
Cauda with 11-25 hairs. Longest
hairs on outer side of hind tibia more than 40 μm
…..7
5
ABD TERG 1-5 and 7 with
large domed marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Aphis gentianae
–
Only ABD TERG 1 and 7
constantly with MTu; smaller MTu irregularly present on some of ABD TERG 2-6
…..6
6
ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.2
…..Aphis gossypii
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8(-2.2)
…..Aphis orocantabrica
7
SIPH 0.6-0.75 × cauda
(pale red-brown in life)…..Aphis sp.,
Austria (BMNH collection)
–
SIPH 0.8-1.9 × cauda (black
in life)
…..8
8
SIPH 4.9-17 × longer than the longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4
…..Aphis solanella
–
SIPH 2.4-5.4 × longer than the longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 2-4
Cuticle of head smooth,
without spicules. ANT tubercles well developed, with inner faces smooth and
divergent
…..10
–
Either cuticle of head spiculose, or ANT
tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped
…..13
10
SIPH
cylindrical on distal half (Fig.30c). Longest
hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.6 × BD III
…..Acyrthosiphon malvae
–
SIPH swollen on distal
half. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.0 × BD III
…..11
11
ABD TERG 2-5 with marginal tubercles (MTu),
usually well-developed, with 2 marginal hairs of very unequal length situated
anterio-dorsad and posterio-vantrad of each tubercle (Fig.30d)
…..Amphorophora tuberculata
–
ABD TERG 2-5 usually
without MTu, and marginal hairs all of similar length
…..12
12
R
IV+V 1.1-1.6 × HT II, with 15-25 accessory hairs. ANT III with 0-2 rhinaria
…..Amphorophora coloutensis
–
R IV+V 1.9-2.2 × HT II, with 30-40
accessory hairs. ANT III with 4-8 rhinaria
…..Amphorophora geranii
13
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 very short and thick,
with clubbed apices (Fig.30f).
Abdominal spiracular plates raised as rounded tubercles (Fig.30g). (Head
spiculose, SIPH slightly clavate. Al. with forewing veins fuscous-bordered
and media fused with Rs)
…..Indoidiopterus geranii
–
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 thin; long or short, blunt or pointed. Abdominal
spiracular plates not raised. (Head smooth or spiculose, SIPH clavate,
cylindrical or tapering)
…..14
14
Head spiculose, tergum very rugose. SIPH coarsely imbricated (scaly), slightly clavate, longer than ANT III. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II
…..Myzus sp. H.P., India (BMMH collection)
–
If head spiculose then
other characters are not in that combination
…..15
15
SIPH black, 0.08-0.12 × BL, about equal in length to the dark cauda. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.4 (only more than 2.0 in small specimens of BL c.1mm)
SIPH strongly swollen over
about distal 0.7 of length, with greatest diameter of swelling more than
twice the least diameter of the ‘stem’. Cauda bearing 14-32 hairs
…..2
–
If SIPH are at all
swollen then cauda has less than 12 hairs
…..3
2
Cauda with 25-32 hairs. R IV+V with 9-12 accessory hairs
…..Indomasonaphis anaphalidis
–
Cauda with about 14-15 hairs. R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs
….. Indomasonaphis rumicis*
3
Cauda helmet-shaped, a
little shorter than its basal width. Spiracular apertures large and rounded.
SIPH with a subapical annular incision
…..4
–
Cauda tongue- or
finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures small and
reniform. SIPH without a subapical annular incision
…..5
4
Abdomen without extensive dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.9-1.5 ×
cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus
helichrysi
–
Abdomen with a extensive
dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 2.1-3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with
a pair of dark mammariform processes
…..Brachycaudus cardui
5
Long, thick capitate
dorsal hairs present on head and posterior abdomen, arising from tuberculate
bases. SIPH slender, pale, about as thick as hind tibia at midlength. ANT
PT/BASE 6.0-9.2
…..Capitophorus elaeagni
–
Dorsal
hairs, not long, thick and capitate, without tuberculate bases; if long and
slightly expanded apically then SIPH are much thicker than hind tibiae at
midlength, or clavate. ANT PT/BASE 1.7-7.3
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes
with only 3 facets. Wax gland plates present on thorax and abdomen. SIPH as
raised pores with sclerotic rims and surrounding hairs
…..Eriosoma japonicum
–
ANT PT/BASE more than
1. Eyes multifaceted. No wax gland
plates. SIPH tubular …..2
2
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5
rows of closed cells)
…..3
–
SIPH without polygonal
reticulation
…..9
3
Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III. ANT III with 1-4 very small
rhinaria. ANT tubercles rather low, and median frontal tubercle distinctly
developed
…..Sitobion fragariae
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
0.6-1.3 × BD III. ANT III with 1-35 rhinaria of various sizes. ANT tubercles well
developed, median frontal tubercle undeveloped
…..4
4
Front of head pale, SIPH
pale or dark only towards apices
…..5
–
Front of head dusky to
dark. SIPH dark, or pale only at bases
…..7
5
R IV+V 1.20-1.43 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum garyreed
–
R IV+V 0.78-1.09 × HT II
…..6
6
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III.
Anterior half of subgenital plate usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with
3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 66-106 μm, 1.4-2.0 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate
with 2-11 hairs, usually (77%) with 4-8 hairs
…..Macrosiphum gei
7
Head as dark as SIPH.
Hind tibiae with pale middle sections
…..Macrosiphum rosae
–
Head dusky, paler than
SIPH. Hind tibiae uniformly dark or with dark apices
…..8
8
SIPH 0.73-0.95 × ANT III
…..Macrosiphum pallidum
–
SIPH 1.03-1.30 × ANT III
…..Macrosiphum valerianae
9
Dorsal body hairs long, thick and capitate, maximally c. 3 × ANT III,
with prominently tuberculate bases. SIPH also with 3-4 thick capitate hairs
on basal part
…..Chaetosiphon janetscheki
–
Dorsal body hairs not thick and capitate, without tuberculate bases.
SIPH without hairs
…..10
10
ANT tubercles very well developed, with divergent
inner faces. Cuticle of head smooth or with a few spinules ventrally. ANT III
with 0-24 rhinaria
…..11
–
Either ANT tubercles weakly
developed and head without spicules, or
ANT tubercles with well-developed steep-sided inner faces and cuticle of head
densely spiculose or nodulose. ANT III with 0-2(-4) rhinaria
BL 0.7-1.6 mm. SIPH 0.15-0.33 mm, slender
and usually slightly swollen on distal half. ANT III without rhinaria. (Al.
with a dorsal abdominal black patch and sec. rhinaria on ANT III, IV and V)
…..Ovatomyzus boraginacearum
–
BL 1.8-4.0 mm. SIPH 0.45-1.0 mm, tapering, cylindrical or evidently
swollen on distal half. ANT III with 1-24 rhinaria. (Al. pale dorsally and
with sec. rhinaria restricted to ANT III
…..12
12
SIPH markedly swollen on distal half, the
swollen part being smooth-surfaced. ANT III with 1-7 small rhinaria near base
…..13
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical, and with imbrication throughout. ANT III
with 1-30 rhinaria
…..14
13
SIPH
2.2-2.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.2-1.4 × HT II. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria
…..Amphorophora gei
–
SIPH 1.7-2.0 × cauda. R IV+V 1.4-1.6 × HT II. ANT III with 1-7
rhinaria
SIPH very small and thin,
0.03-0.08 mm long. Well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu) present on ABD
TERG 1-5, and head with a large pair of spinal tubercles (STu). Cauda
helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view
…..Dysaphis
microsiphon
–
SIPH larger, and MTu, STu
and cauda not as above
…..2
2
Large spindle-shaped
aphid, BL more than 3 mm, ANT much longer than BL. ANT tubercles smooth, with
inner faces divergent. Dorsal hairs long and pointed. SIPH long, tapering and
normally imbricated, with flared apices
…..Microlophium carnosum
–
Small
oval aphid, BL less than 2 mm, ANT much shorter than BL. ANT tubercles
scabrous, with inner faces apically convergent. Dorsal hairs inconspicuous.
SIPH thick and scaly for most of length, with smooth tapering distal part
that is somewhat bent outwards
Cauda helmet-shaped
(“pentagonal”), not longer than its basal width, with 4-6 hairs. Head and ABD
TERG 8, or 7 and 8, with paired spinal tubercles (STu), and marginal
tubercles (MTu) present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1-5, or 1-5 and 7
…..Dysaphis tulipae
–
Cauda (if at all evident)
triangular or tongue-shaped, longer than its basal width, with 4-25 hairs.
STu absent from head, rarely on ABD TERG 7-8. MTu absent or only regularly
present on ABT TERG 1 and 7
…..2
2
SIPH dark, tapering, with
a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Hairs on ANT III less than 0.6 ×
BD III
…..3
–
SIPH (if present) pale or
dark, but if dark then either without subapical polygonal reticulation, or
strongly swollen. Hairs on ANT III more or less than 0.6 × BD III
…..6
3
Cauda dark like SIPH
…..Sitobion graminis
–
Cauda pale
…..4
4
R IV+V 0.65-0.75 × HT II.
Longest hairs on ANT III 20-30 μm
…..Sitobion akebiae
–
R IV+V 0.75-0.9 × HT II.
Longest hairs on ANT III 12-20 μm
…..5
5
Cauda 0.43-0.55 SIPH and
1.9-2.6 × HT II. Dorsal abdominal sclerotisation often extensive, but not
segmentally divided and with ill-defined edges
…..Sitobion
fragariae
–
Cauda
0.53-0.6 × SIPH and 2.4-3.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdominal sclerotisation very
variable, but when well developed it is segmentally divided and has
well-defined edges
…..Sitobion africanum
6
SIPH cylindrical, pale,
without subapical polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 0.55-0.75 × HT II
…..Metopolophium dirhodum
–
Without that combination of characters; if SIPH are pale, cylindrical
(i.e not swollen) and lack subapical reticulation then R IV+V is 0.95-1.35 ×
HT II
ANT 0.25-0.3 × BL, with PT/BASE less than 1. Cauda and anal plate both
extended posteriorly, together forming a dark hairy rounded protruberance.
SIPH absent
…..Prociphilus erigeronensis
–
ANT 0.5-1.6 × BL, with PT/BASE 1.7-5. Cauda and anal plate normal.
SIPH present
…..2
2
SIPH evidently swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part 1.3-2.1 × minimum diameter of basal
part
…..3
–
SIPH tapering or
cylindrical
…..4
3
SIPH with minimum diameter of basal part (“stem”) greater than that of
hind tibia at midlength, and swollen part as wide as base of cauda. SIPH
3.1-4.3 × R IV+V. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. Dorsum with dark
markings
…..Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae ssp. tulipaellus
–
SIPH with minimum
diameter of “stem” less than that of hind tibia at midlength, and swollen
part about half as wide as base of cauda. SIPH 1.8-2.5 × R IV+V. ANT III
without rhinaria. Dorsum without dark markings
…..Myzus ascalonicus
4
Front of head smooth,
with ANT tubercles either very weakly developed or well-developed with
divergent inner faces
Front of head scabrous or
spiculose, and ANT tubercles well-developed with steep-sided, almost parallel
or convergent inner faces
…..5
5
ANT III without rhinaria.
Inner faces of ANT tubercles convergent or with convergent processes
…..6
–
ANT III usually with 1-3
small rhinaria near base. Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately parallel
…..7
6
Head and appendages
mainly dark. ANT PT/BASE 3.5-4.3. R IV+V with 4-6 accessory hairs. Dorsal
abdomen without small dark intersegmental spots. (Immatures with smooth hind
tibiae)
…..Ovatus glechomae
–
Head and appendages pale.
ANT PT/BASE 1.7-2.8. R IV+V with 2 accessory hairs. Dorsal abdomen ornamented
with a pattern of small dark intersegmental spots. (Immatures with spinulose
hind tibiae)
…..Myzus ornatus
7
Cauda with 6-8, usually
7, hairs. R IV with 5-7 accessory hairs. (Immatures with smooth hind tibiae)
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
Cauda with 4-5 hairs. R IV with 2 accessory hairs. (Immatures with
spinulose hind tibiae)
Head spinulosewith inner faces of
antennal tubercles scabrous, divergent. ANT III with c. 4 secondary rhinaria.
Dorsal cuticle dark, sclerotic, with dorsal hairs c.2× longer than BD III
ANT PT/BASE less than
0.5. SIPH absent. Body and appendages densely clothed in fine hairs
…..Smynthurodes betae
–
ANT PT/BASE more than
0.7. SIPH present. Body and appendages not so hairy
…..2
2
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation (at least 4-5
rows of closed cells)
…..3
–
SIPH without polygonal
reticulation
…..4
3
SIPH black. R IV+V 1.1-1.2 × HT II. ABD TERG 8 with 4-6 hairs
…..Sitobion nigrinectarium
–
SIPH pale or dusky. R IV+V 0.95-1.1 × HT II. ABD TERG 8 with 6-8 hairs
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
4
ANT tubercles well-developed. SIPH pale or dusky. ABD TERG 1 and 7
without MTu
…..5
–
ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH dark. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..10
5
Head smooth, with
divergent ANT tubercles
…..6
–
Head spiculose or
nodulose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles parallel or convergent apically
…..8
6
SIPH not attenuated
distally, thicker than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths. ANT BASE
VI 1.0-1.5 × longer than R IV+V
…..Acyrthosiphon kondoi
–
SIPH attenuated distally,
as thin as or thinner than hind tibiae at their respective midlengths. ANT BASE
VI 1.8-2.9 × R IV+V
…..7
7
SIPH 0.42-0.50 × BL and
2.5-3.5 × cauda
…..Acyrthosphon gossypii
–
SIPH 0.23-0.38 × BL and
1.2-1.9 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon pisum
8
Dorsum with a large black
roughly U-shaped patch, and black cross-bands on thorax. (Immatures with
spinulose hind tibiae)
…..Neomyzus circumflexus
–
Dorsum without dark
markings. (Immatures with smooth hind tibiae)
…..9
9
SIPH tapering or cylindrical. ANT III almost always with 1-2 small
rhinaria near base
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
SIPH slightly clavate.
ANT III without rhinaria
…..Myzus persicae
10
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive black
shield. Cauda black
…..Aphis craccivora
–
Dorsal abdomen without
dark markings. Cauda paler than SIPH
…..11
11
Cauda 0.08-0.135 × BL (only more than 0.12
× BL in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm), and 0.8-1.25 × ANT V;
pale to dusky, without a constriction, less than 3 × longer than its width at
midlength, and bearing 4-7 (usually 5-6) hairs
…..Aphis gossypii
–
Cauda 0.12-0.175 × BL, and 1.05-1.7 × ANT V; very pale, usually with a
slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest width at
midlength, and bearing 5-10 (usually 7-9) hairs
ANT tubercles very well
developed, with smooth divergent inner faces.SIPH pale and attenuated distally, thinner than hind tibiae at
their respective midpoints
…..2
–
ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH dark, thicker than hind tibiae at their respective midpoints
…..3
2
SIPH 0.42-0.50 × BL and
2.5-3.5 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon gossypii
–
SIPH 0.22-0.37 × BL and
1.2-1.9 × cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon pisum
3
Dorsum usually with a
black sclerotic shield, which under the microscope has a distinct pale
reticulation that follows the reticulate sculpturing of the cuticle;
sometimes this shield is reduced of fragmented (especially in small specimens
developing at higher temperatures), but there are usually at least some small
fragments showing a reticulate pattern. SIPH and cauda both black
…..4
–
Dorsum without a black
sclerotic shield or reticulated sclerites. SIPH and cauda pale, dusky or dark
…..7
4
ABD TERG 2-4 (-6) rather regularly bearing dome-shaped
marginal tubercles (MTu), totalling 4-10 on these tergites
…..5
–
ABD TERG 2-6 usually
without MTu, rarely with 1-3 small ones
…..6
5
Cauda with most hairs short, blunt, and often rather straight. Dorsal
sclerotisation often fragmented intersegmentally. Longest hairs on ANT III
5-8 μm, 0.15-0.33 × BD III
…..Aphis medicaginis
–
Cauda with long, curved,
finely-pointed hairs. Dorsal sclerotisation usually forming a solid patch.
Longest hairs on ANT III 8-16 μm, 0.36-0.72 × BD III
…..
Aphis coronillae
6
R IV+V 0.88-1.16 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.05 ×). Anterior half of genital
plate with 2 (-3) hairs
…..Aphis craccivora
–
R IV+V 0.97-1.3 × HT II (mostly 1.06-1.2 ×).
Anterior half of genital plate with 2-8 hairs (mode 4, mean 5.2)
…..Aphis cytisorum
7
Aptera with small, oval
secondary rhinaria distributed on ANT III (1-15), and with 0-5 on IV and 0-1
on V. SIPH mainly pale, darker towards apices
…..Aphis ortegoi*
–
Aptera without secondary
rhinaria. SIPH uniformly dark
…..8
8
SIPH and cauda both
black, the latter bearing 11-25 hairs
…..Aphis fabae
–
SIPH distinctly darker than cauda, which bears 4-7(-8) hairs
Dorsal hairs numerous, with fan-shaped or capitate apices, arising
from tuberculate bases
…..4
–
Dorsal hairs without fan-shaped or capitate apices, with or without
tuberculate bases
…..5
4
SIPH swollen on distal part. ANT I with capitate hairs arising from
tuberculate bases
…..Capitophorus gnathalifoliae*
–
SIPH cylindrical (slightly flared at apex). ANT I without capitate
hairs
…..Pleotrichophorus filaginis
5
Cauda helmet-shaped,
slightly constricted near base, shorter than or not clearly longer than its
basal width, and bearing 4-6 hairs
…..6
–
Cauda bluntly conical,
tongue- or finger-shaped, either distinctly longer than its basal width or
bearing more than 10 hairs
…..8
6
RIV+Vless than 0.15 mm
long, 1.1-1.5 × HT II. SIPH
conical, pale, almost smooth. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. Tergum
membranous
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
R IV+V more than 0.20 mm
long, more than 2 × HT II. SIPH dark, cylindrical or slightly swollen,
imbricated. Spiracular apertures small and reniform. Tergum with variably
developed dark sclerotisation
…..7
7
Longest hairs on ANT III
12-15 μm, shorter than ANT BD III, and longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 15-36
μm, less than 2 × ANT BD III
…..Oedisiphum compositarum
–
Longest hairs on ANT III
18-21 μm, as long as or longer than ANT BD III, and longest hairs on ABD
TERG 3 50-60 μm, more than 2 × ANT BD III
…..Oedisphum
soureni
8
ANT tubercles undeveloped
or weakly developed, or if well developed then densely spiculose or scabrous
and with parallel or apically convergent inner faces. SIPH without a
subapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..9
–
ANT tubercles well
developed, with almost smooth, divergent inner faces. SIPH often with distal
or subapical polygonal reticulation
…..10
9
Eyes reduced to 10-30 facets, with no distinct ocular tubercle
(triommatidium). ANT I very wide, 2 or more × thicker than ANT II
…..Tuberocephalus sp. near tsengi (Japan, BMNH collection)
–
Eyes with many more than
30 facets and a distinct ocular tubercle. ANT I less than 2 × thicker than
ANT II
SIPH cylindrical on distal half, with
reticulation on subapical 0.13-0.20 of length. R IV+V 0.9-1.1 × HT II
…..Macrosiphum euphorbiae
–
SIPH swollen on distal
half, if with reticulation than this does not extend beyond 0.07 of length. R
IV+V 1.5-2.3 × HT II
…..12
12
Thoracic spiracles similar in size to
abdominal ones.R IV+V 1.5-1.7 ×
HT II. SIPH 2.2-2.5 × cauda, imbricated and with some subapical reticulation.
ANT III with rhinaria regularly spaced in a row
…..Illinoia richardsi
–
Thoracic spiracles much larger than abdominal ones. R IV+V c.2.3 × HT
II. SIPH 1.4-1.5 × cauda, almost smooth, without subapical reticulation. ANT
III with rhinaria clustered on swollen part near base
……Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) sp.
(U.P., India; BMNH collection, leg. D.
Bhattacharya)
13
SIPH more than 10 × longer than their width
at midlength, with at most 1-3 rows of subapical polygonal reticulation.
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 much shorter than ANT BD III, and without pigmented
basal scleroites
…..Acyrthosiphon bidenticola
–
SIPH thicker, less than
10 × their width at midlength, with many rows of polygonal reticulation.
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 longer than ANT BD III and often arising from pigmented
scleroites
…..14
14
SIPH about 1.1-1.2 × cauda, and reticulated over about half of length
…..Macrosiphoniella olgae*
–
SIPH 1.1-2.3 × cauda, and
reticulated over distal 0.23-0.40 of length
…..15
15
Cauda dark. SIPH 1.8-2.1 × cauda. ANT III with 51-77 rhinaria
…..Uroleucon compositae (or gobonis?)
–
Cauda either entirely pale or faintly smoky on distal half. SIPH
1.1-2.3 × cauda. ANT III with 5-46 rhinaria
…..16
16
Coxae dark. Dorsal hairs not arising from dark scleroites
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
Coxae pale. Dorsal hairs with or without dark basal scleroites
…..17
17
SIPH
distally dark and basally pale. Cauda with one or more distal hairs short and
blunt or capitate. ANT III with 5-17 rhinaria. R IV+V longer than HT II.
Dorsal cephalic hairs 18-36 μm
…..Uroleucon erigeronense
–
SIPH entirely dark. Cauda with all hairs of normal length. Other
characters not in that combination
…..18
18
R
IV+V with no more than 10 accessory hairs
…..19
–
R
IV+V with 12-32 accessory hairs
…..22
19
Cauda
faintly dusky to brown on distal half only
…..Uroleucon chani
–
Cauda
pale or uniformly dusky over entire length
20
20
R
IV+V 1.8-2.3 × HT II. SIPH 1.5-1.8 × cauda, which is dusky
…..Uroleucon
russellae
–
R IV+V 0.9-1.5 × HT II. SIPH 1.1-1.3 × cauda, which is pale
21
21
HT II rather long
and thin, about 6 × its maximum thickness, and 0.9-1.1 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon pseudambrosiae
–
HT II shorter, less
than 5 × its maximum thickness and 0.7-0.85 × R IV+V
…..Uroleucon ambrosiae
22
R IV+V 0.25-0.27 mm, with 12-19 accessory
hairs that are 22-35 μm long. SIPH reticulated over 0.30-0.41 of length
…..Uroleucon sinuense
–
R IV+V 0.14-0.23 mm, with
20-32 accessory hairs that are 32-50 μm long. SIPH reticulated over
0.21-0.35 of length
Use key to
polyphagous aphids, but note that specimens running to Macrosiphum euphorbiae could be M. stellariae, and those running to Myzus persicae could be M. certus; for separation of these
species-pairs see the key to aphids on Dianthus,
couplets 3 and 16 respectively.
ANT PT/BASE less than
0.3. Body and appendages densely hairy. SIPH absent
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE at least 0.5.
Body and appendages not densely hairy. SIPH present
…..3
2
ANT V BASE and R IV+V both very long, respectively about 1.7 and 2.5 ×
width of head between antennal bases. ANT II similar in length to ANT I, much
shorter than III
.….Rectinasus buxtoni
–
ANT
V BASE and R IV+V of normal length , both about 0.5 × width of head between
antennal bases. ANT II about twice as long as ANT I, similar in length to III
..…Smynthurodes betae
3
SIPH pale and attenuated
distally, thinner than hind tibia at their respective midpoints, and 2.5-3.5
× cauda
…..Acyrthosiphon gossypii
–
SIPH pale or dark,
thicker than hind tibia at their respective midpoints, and less than 2.5 ×
cauda
…..4
4
ANT 5-segmented, bearing long, fine hairs, many of them more than 2 ×
BD III. SIPH cylindrical for most of length but markedly constricted just
proximal to flange
…..Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
–
ANT usually 6-segmented, with shorter hairs. SIPH without a marked
subapical constriction
…..5
5
ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH pale, 0.4-0.6
× cauda
…..Brachyunguis harmalae
–
ANT PT/BASE 1.4-6.2. SIPH pale or dark, 0.8-2.5 × cauda
Tarsi absent. ANT III-V
with secondary rhinairia (sometimes III and IV are fused). ANT PT/BASE
1.0-1.4
…..Atarsos grindeliae
–
Two-segmented tarsi
present. Secondary rhinaria absent or on ANT III only. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-6.5
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly developed or undeveloped. SIPH without subapical
reticulation
…..3
–
ANT tubercles well
developed. SIPH with or without subapical reticulation
…..4
3
Cauda helmet-shaped, shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, with
4-7 hairs. SIPH pale, smooth, conical, with an annular subapical incision.
Spiracular apertures rounded. Dorsum without dark markings or reticulate
sculpturing. No marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..Brachycaudus helichrysi
–
Cauda tongue-shaped,
longer than its basal width, with 6-12 hairs. SIPH dark, coarsely imbricated,
with no annular subapical incision. Spiracular apertures reniform. Dorsum
with variably developed dark markings and reticulate sculpturing. Large MTu
present on prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..Aphis melosae
4
SIPH without a distinct
zone of reticulation, at most with subapical transverse striae and 1-2 rows
of indistinct polygonal cells
…..5
–
SIPH with a distinct
distal zone of reticulation extending 0.2 or more of its length and with numerous
polygonal cells
…..7
5
Head spiculose, with inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately
parallel. SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half. ANT III with 0-3
(usually 1) rhinaria
…..Aulacorthum solani
–
Head smooth, with inner
faces of ANT tubercles divergent. SIPH slightly swollen on distal half. ANT
III with 2-5 rhinaria
…..6
6
ANT PT/BASE 4.0-4.3. Cauda 1.5-1.8 × R IV+V, which is 1.25-1.5 × HT II
…..Illinoia grindeliae
–
ANT PT/BASE 4.5-4.9. Cauda 1.9-2.4 × R IV+V which is 1.1-1.2 × HT II
…..Illinoia grindeliae ssp. palmerae
7
SIPH entirely dark
…..Uroleucon chani
–
SIPH
pale, at least on basal part
…..8
8
ANT III with 12-31
rhinaria extending to 0.80-0.98 from base, with the majority on distal half
…..Uroleucon richardsi
–
ANT III with 5-26 rhinaria extending to 0.4-0.8 from base, with the
majority on basal half
…..9
9
R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II,
with 6-10 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.85-2.5 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.2-5.7
…..10
–
R IV+V 1.15-1.5 × HT II,
with 7-13 accessory hairs. SIPH 1.5-2.6 × cauda. ANT PT/BASE 3.0-5.2
…..11
10
Siphunculi pale at base, dark over most of
length. Distal caudal hairs usually short and blunt or capitate. Dorsal
cephalic hairs 18-35 μm long
SIPH dark with distal
polygonal reticulation extending over 0.33-0.44 of length. ANT III bearing 27-51
rhinaria extending over most of length. Cauda pale, 2.5-2.9 × ANT BASE VI and
bearing 8-12 hairs
…..Uroleucon iranicum
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..2
2
Dorsum with an extensive
black sclerotic shield. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform
processes. Cauda short and rounded
Cauda knobbed.Head, thorax and abdomen with finger-like processes. (Al. also with such processes on ABD TERG 1-3)
…..Neuquenaphis valdiviana
–
Cauda not knobbed. Body
without finger-like processes
…..2
2.
Head smooth with ANT tubercles undeveloped. SIPH dark, similar in length to the equally dark cauda, which bears 8-16 hairs. First tarsal segments with 3-5 (commonly 4) hairs
…..Aphis carrilloi
–
Head nodulose with ANT tubercles well-developed and apically convergent. SIPH pale/dusky, more than twice as long as the pale cauda which bears 4-6 hairs. First tarsal segments with 3 hairs (or try key to polyphagous aphids)
SIPH dark, with a distal
zone of polygonal reticulation, 1.4-1.9 × cauda, which is long, slender and
pale and bears 23-30 hairs
…..Uroleucon sonchi
–
Without that combination
of characters; if SIPH are dark and have polygonal reticulation then cauda is
also dark
…..2
2
SIPH dark with polygonal
reticulation, cauda also dark, R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II, and ANT III with 23-57
rhinaria
…..Uroleucon vernoniae
–
Without that combination
of characters
…..3
3
SIPH smooth, pale, and swollen on distal 0.7, maximum width of swollen part being 1.3-1.5 × minimum width of basal part. ANT III with 5-30 rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 4.4-6.8
(Couplets
3-7 are partly based on Nieto Nafría et
al. 2013.)
1
ANT PT/BASE less than 1. SIPH pale, 0.4-0.6 ×cauda …..Brachyunguis harmalae
–
ANT PT/BASE more than 1 (unless SIPH are absent). SIPH dark if shorter
than cauda
…..2
2
SIPH very short and dark,
only 0.35-0.4 × the long dark cauda
…..Aphis gypsophilae
–
SIPH (if present) pale or
dark, as long as or longer than cauda
…..3
3
ANT tubercles low,
somewhat scabrous, and median frontal tubercle (on ventral side of head)
developed to a similar extent and also scabrous. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without
marginal tubercles (MTu). Anterior part of mesosternum with a pair of spinal
mammariform processes, ornamented with spinules
…..4
–
If ANT tubercles are low
then ABD TERG 1 and 7 have marginal tubercles. Mesosternum without a pair of
mammariform processes
…..8
4
SIPH distinctly
clavate, with maximum width of swollen part at least 1.3 × minimum width
basad
…..5
–
SIPH cylindrical or only slightly clavate; maximum
width of swollen part less than 1.2 × minimum width basad
…..6
5
Abdominal
dorsum membranous and pale with only intersegmental muscle plates pigmented.
SIPH pale
…..Aphidura graeca*
–
Abdominal dorsum with
pigmented patches and sclerites, usually comprising sclerotic bands on
metanotum and ABD TERG 7 and 8, and a broken patch on ABD TERG 1-6. SIPH dark
…..Aphidura naimanica*
6
Head,
prothorax (with a complete or fragmented transversal band) and SIPH brown.
Abdominal spinopleural patch variably developed and pigmented and sometimes
fragmented or (often in small specimens) absent
…..Aphidura pannonica
–
Head,
prothorax and SIPH pale (SIPH sometimes brownish towards apices). Abdomen variably sclerotised and
variably pigmented
…..7
7
ANT PT/BASE 3.4-4.4. R IV+V at least 1.0 × HT II
…..Aphidura togaica*
–
ANT PT/BASE 5.0-5.5. R IV+V shorter than HT II …..Aphidura gypsophilae
8
SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation.Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near
apices. ABD TERG 2-3 with longest hair 26-56 μm, usually as long as or
longer than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2-13 hairs in addition to those
on posterior margin
…..Macrosiphum stellariae
–
SIPH without subapicalpolygonal reticulation, or if they
have then other characters are not in that combination
SIPH dark with subapical polygonal
reticulation (a few rows of large polygonal cells). Dorsum with variably
developed dark cross-bands (often absent). Hairs on dorsal body body and antennae very short and blunt
R IV+V 1.75-2.50 × HT II and bearing 6-10 accessory hairs. HT II very short, 0.65-0.83 × ANT BASE VI. Marginal tubercles (MTu) small and often absent from ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..Aphis lichtensteini
–
R IV+V
1.28-2.05 × HT II and bearing 2-3 accessory hairs. HT II 0.72-1.20 × ANT BASE
VI. MTu always present and well
developed on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..2
2
SIPH variably pigmented, rarely entirely
dark, and 0.7-1.4 × cauda. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with faint and inconspicuous
cross-bands
…..Aphis
helianthemi
–
SIPH entirely dark, 1.1-3.6 × cauda. ABD TERG
7 and 8 with clearly defined dark cross-bands