ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. SIPH absent. (These characters must also apply: body sparsely hairy, head with dorsal wax plates, and R IV+V with 2-10 accessory hairs)
…..2
–
Either ANT PT/BASE more than 1.1 and SIPH present, or bracketed characters not in that combination
…..3
2
Abdomen with a dark posterior extension of cauda and anal plate, which is strongly convex. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II and bearing 4-10 accessory hairs. (Al. sexupara without dark dorsal abdominal cross-bands)
Cauda and anal plate not on a dark posterior extension of the abdomen. (Cauda very small, and anal plate divided into dorsal and posterioventral parts by a marked concavity.) R IV+V 0.74-0.96 × HT II, with 2 accessory hairs. (Al. sexupara with dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 3-8)
…..Geopemphigus sp.(p)
3
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. ANT tubercles diverse
ABD TERG 1 and 7 constantly with MTu (although these may be very small). ANT tubercles little developed, or if somewhat developed then with middle part of front of head also projecting forward somewhat, so that the outline is sinuous in dorsal view
….4
4
ANT PT/BASE 1.1-1.8. ABD TERG 2-6 without marginal tubercles. Body dorsum widely sclerotized
Antenna 6-segmented, with ANT III much longer than ANT VI (incl. PT). Cauda triangular, 1.7-2.3 × SIPH, which are 1.0-1.3 × their basal width (fig. 113A). R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II
Antenna 5- or 6-segmented, when 6-segmented ANT III is about as long as ANT VI or shorter. Cauda digitiform, 1.0-1.6 × SIPH, which are 1.3-2.2 × their basal width (fig. 113B). R IV+V 0.6-0.75 × HT II
SIPH as very short truncate cones, only 0.4-0.5 × cauda, which is broadly triangular in dorsal view. ANT III with c.16-17 rhinaria, and IV usually with 1-2 rhinaria
SIPH conical, cylindrical, tapering or clavate, at least 0.6 × cauda, which is helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped, or triangular. ANT III and IV with or without rhinaria
…..2
2
SIPH with a distal zone of polygonal reticulation, occupying 0.08-0.81 of length
…..3
–
SIPH without any polygonal reticulation
…..30
3
SIPH with at least basal part pale or dusky, although often darker distally
…..4
–
SIPH not paler at base; either wholly dark, or dark at base as well as apex with paler middle section
…..10
4
SIPH 0.7-1.5 × cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.45-0.67 of length
…..5
–
SIPH 1.5-2.9 × cauda, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.06-0.42 of length
…..7
5
SIPH thicker than cauda.ANT BASE VI 0-7-1.1 × R IV+V
SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation ending in some transversely elongate cells and a small but distinct flange. Hairs on ABD TERG 3 less than 40 μm long
SIPH flared at apex and completely lacking any flange, the zone of polygonal reticulation ending abruptly at apex (e.g. Fig.5i). Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 usually more than 50 μm long
…..8
8
SIPH reticulated on distal 0.32-0.42 of length. Cauda with 15-30 hairs. R IV+V 0.5-0.6 × ANT BASE VI and 0.70-0.85 × HT II
Cauda tapering, triangular, less than 1.7 × longer than its basal width; if more than 1.5 × longer than basal width then dark (Fig.52a, b). ANT tubercles weakly developed, so that front of head is shallowly concave in dorsal view
…..11
–
Cauda finger-like, parallel-sided or tapering and elongate triangular, if less than 1.7 × its basal width then pale. ANT tubercles usually well developed, so that there is a frontal sinus
SIPH 0.90 –1.45 × cauda and flask-shaped; constricted at base, strongly swollen on basal half, narrowing on reticulated distal section to less than half the maximum width of the swollen part, and flared at apex (Fig.13h)
SIPH longer than (1.12-1.31 ×) cauda, and reticulated on distal 0.28-0.40 of length. Tibiae with pale middle sections. Dorsal hairs stout, capitate, with papillate bases
SIPH shorter than (0.6-0.9 ×) cauda, reticulated on distal 0.41-0.69 of length. Tibiae entirely dark. Dorsal hairs not arising from papillate bases
…..29
29
ANT III usually entirely black, with 12-32 rhinaria. SIPH reticulated on distal 0.41-0.52 of length. R IV+V 0.7-0.85 × HT II and 0.55-0.75 × ANT BASE VI
Triommatidium merged with compound eye, so that there is no distinct ocular tubercle. Dorsal hairs small, fan- or club-shaped, or at least with somewhat expanded apices. Front of head weakly convex in dorsal view, ANT tubercles undeveloped. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-2.0. SIPH cylindrical for most of length, slightly swollen subapically (e.g. Fig.52e). R IV+V with slightly concave sides. Cauda less than 1.5× its basal width, with 4-5 hairs
…..31
–
Triommatidum forming a distinct ocular tubercle at posterior margin of eye. Dorsal hairs with blunt or pointed apices, or if with expanded apices then long, with rod-shaped stems. Other characters not in above combination
…..32
31
Dorsal hairsfan-shaped (Fig.52c). RIV+V more than 1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.17-0.2 × BL, with basal part almost smooth (Fig.12o)
Dorsal hairs very small and weakly club-shaped, or with only slightly expanded apices (Fig.52d). R IV+V less than 1.1 × HT II. SIPH 0.13-0.18 × BL, with basal part coarsely imbricated like distal part (Fig.52e)
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 numerous, long, and all or mostly with distinct, more-or-less cylindrical rod-like stems, broadening distally into fan-shaped or capitate apices. R IV+V stiletto-shaped with a pair of very long accessory hairs near base
Hairs on ABD TERG 1-5 without fan-shaped or distinctly capitate apices. R IV+V not stiletto-shaped and without any very long accessory hairs
…..33
33
ANT PT/BASE 8-11. ANT III with 7-28 rhinaria extending over 0.4-0.7 of length. Spiracular apertures on pro-and metathorax much larger than those on abdomen
MTu absent, or only consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7; if the latter then ANT PT/BASE 1.8-3.7
…..35
35
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view. SIPH with a distinct subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
…..36
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, much longer than its basal width. SIPH without a subapical annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform
Dorsal abdomen with an extensive solid black shield. ANT III 0.31-0.47 mm, 2.4-3.4 × HT II. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda
[Note: two Aphis species,
described by Börner (1940) and Nevsky (1951), are confused under the name A. taraxacicola; we have not attempted
to allocate specific hosts to either species.]
Post-siphuncular sclerites absent or small, not much larger than scleroites at other hair bases, which are large, black and numerous, and sometimes merged together. ANT and tibiae entirely black. Cauda as black as SIPH and rather short and thick, with 8-12 hairs
Large dark post-siphuncular sclerites present. Scleroites at bases of dorsal hairs smaller and less numerous, never merged, usually paler than SIPH. ANT III usually pale at base, and tibiae with paler middle sections. Cauda pale or dark, if dark then long and bearing 13-20 hairs
…..14
14
Coxae and cauda dusky/dark. ANT III with 33-86 rhinaria on 0.7-0.95 of length
ANT tubercles well developed and head smooth, or with spicules on ventral surface only
…..28
–
Either ANT tubercles undeveloped/ weakly developed and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu, or head densely spiculose both dorsally and ventrally
…..34
28
SIPH clavate
…..29
–
SIPH tapering or cylindrical on distal half
…..31
29
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 8-19 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 6-11 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 11-29, IV (0)-1-16, V 0 (-9). ANT PT/BASE 4.3-5.6. ANT PT 1.6-2.3 × cauda
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-50 μm long, and on ANT tubercles 18-30 μm. Secondary rhinaria distributed ANT III 4-40, IV 0-2, V 0. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-7.9. ANT PT 2.0-3.0 × cauda
…..30
30
SIPH 3-5 × longer than maximum width of swollen part, which is 1.6-2.4 × minimum width on basal part. R IV+V 0.9-1.12 × HT II (mostly 0.95-1.1 ×). (Al. with a compact black solid trapezoid dorsal abdominal patch, with hardly any perforations)
SIPH 4-7 × longer than maximum width of swollen part, which is 1.3-2.0 × minimum width on basal part. R IV+V 0.8-1.07 × HT II (mostly 0.9-1.0). (Al. with a very irregular and variably shaped dorsal abdominal patch, interrupted by extensive perforations)
Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, mostly more than 8.0. ANT III with 7-28 rhinaria extending over 0.4-0.7 of length. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental markings
Thoracic spiracles similar in size to abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE less than 7. ANT III with 1-8 (-10) rhinaria on basal part. Dorsum without any dark markings
…..32
32
SIPH with at least 4 rows of polygonal reticulation. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III
ANT III with 2-5 long capitate hairs. Dorsal body hairs numerous long and capitate, arising from large tubercles, the longest hairs being 3-4 × ANT BD III (Fig.34b). R IV+V 2.2-2.5 × HT II
ANT and dorsal body hairs not long and capitate, without tuberculate bases. R IV+V less than 2 × HT II
…..2
2
SIPH long, cylindrical, black, with polygonal reticulation on distal 0.17-0.25, 2.0-2.4 × cauda which is long and finger-like and bears 20-26 hairs. (Additional diagnostic characters for this species: dorsal hairs all arising from dark scleroites; R IV+V 1.5-1.8 × HT II; first tarsal segments with 3 hairs)
ANT III with 18-33 rhinaria along most of length, and IV with 0-8. Abdominal spiracular apertures almost completely covered by cowl-like opercula. R IV+V 1.6-2.2 × HT II
ANT III with 0-10 rhinaria on basal part, IV with 0. Abdominal spiracular apertures not or only partly covered by opercula. R IV+V less than 1.6X HT II
…..2
2
SIPH with subapical polygonal reticulation. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II, with 12-16 accessory hairs. ANT III usually without rhinaria
Dorsal abdomen without dark markings. Cauda pale/dusky, paler than SIPH
..…5
5
Cauda 0.08-0.135 × BL (only more than 0.12 × BL in very small specimens with BL less than 1 mm), and 0.8-1.25 × ANT V; pale to dusky, without a constriction, less than 3 × longer than its width at midlength, and bearing 4-7 (usually 5-6) hairs
Cauda 0.12-0.175 × BL, and 1.05-1.7 × ANT V; very pale, usually with a slight mid-way constriction, more than 3 × longer than its narrowest width at midlength, and bearing 5-10 (usually 7-9) hairs
Adult viviparae apterous as well as alate. Alata with long and tapering or finger-like spinal processes (fig. 114B), like those of aptera, as well as wart-like processes. Pronotum with 1 pair of anterio-lateral hairs
Adult viviparae all alate. Spinal processes if present all short and wart-like. Pronotum with 2 pairs of anterio-lateral hairs
…..5
5
Alata with paired, short, spinal hair-bearing processes on ABD TERG 1-8 (fig. 114B), and similar marginal processes on ABD TERG 1-4. R IV+V less than 0.75× HT II
SIPH strongly swollen, with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2 × minimum diameter of stem, smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH 5.4-8.2 × cauda
SIPH dark distally, with pale basal section, and polygonal reticulation on 0.21-0.45 of length. ANT III with 5-37 rhinaria. Cauda tapering to a very thin apex, with subapical hairs usually shorter and often blunter than lateral hairs
SIPH wholly dark, without distal polygonal reticulation. ANT III without rhinaria. Cauda finger-like or triangular, without shorter blunter subapical hairs
…..2
2
Dorsal hairs numerous, with knobbed apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. R IV+V stiletto-shaped, with concave sides. ANT PT/BASE 2.5-3.4. Marginal tubercles (MTu) absent. Cauda pale, finger-like, with 5 hairs
Dorsal hairs pointed, without tuberculate bases. R IV+V not concave-sided. ANT PT/BASE 1.1-2.0. Very large MTu present on ABD TERG 1 and 7. Cauda dark, triangular, not longer than its basal width, with 8-14 hairs
Aphis [origani], teucrii, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et al. 2014)]
T. fruticans
Aphis teucrii
T. inflatum = T. vesicarium
T. laciniatum
Protaphis middletonii
T. marum
Aphis teucrii
T. montanum
Aphis alienus, teucrii
T. orientale
Aphis gossypii
T. polium
Aphis polii, [salviae], teucrii
T. pseudochamaepitys
Aphis frangulae
T. scorodonia
Aphis alienus, [“scorodoniae del Guercio” (see text under alienus], teucrii, [Aphis sp. (Cocuzza et al. 2014)]; Myzus ornatus; Ovatomyzus chamaedrys
T. vesicarium
Aphis gossypii
Teucrium spp.
Aphis fabae, [teucrii Lichtenstein (nomen nudum)]
Key to apterae on Teucrium:-
1
Head smooth with ANT tubercles developed, their inner faces steep-sided. ANT III without rhinaria. SIPH pale, without polygonal reticulation, slightly swollen distally. Cauda pale, constricted at base, and bearing 5(-7) hairs
Cauda black with more than 10 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 with dark cross-bands, and usually there are also dark dorsal markings anterior to SIPH
…..4
–
Cauda pale, dusky or dark, with 4-10 hairs. ABD TERG 7 and 8 usually without cross-bands, or with a narrow band on 8 only, and no dark markings anterior to SIPH
…..5
4
Cauda tongue-shaped, much longer than its basal width. ANT III without rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.8 (mostly 2.4-3.6)
ANT III much shorter than ANT IV+V together. First tarsal segments
with (2-) 3 hairs. Cauda broadly triangular, not or hardly longer than its
basal width in dorsal view, with 9-12 hairs
Body with very long, branched, hair-bearing
marginal processes
…..2
–
Body without such
processes
…..3
2
Dorsal
abdominal hairs all more-or-less acute, lanceolate, or sometimes slightly
bifurcate. Marginal processes on abdomen either with one type of hair
(usually bifurcate) at ends of lateral
branches or with, near the base, one or two dorsal branches with a thin,
acute hair
Dorsal abdominal hairs
very blunt, often club-shaped with nearly globular apices, and extremely
numerous. Marginal processes on abdomen with pointed or bifurcate hairs at
ends of lateral branches, but dorsal branches bearing very blunt or
club-shaped hairs like those on on mid-dorsal processes
Body elongate spindle-shaped, with well-developed ANT tubercles, their inner faces smooth and divergent. SIPH long and dark except at bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation on about distal 0.2 of length
SIPH without any polygonal reticulation. Cauda dark. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7 with hemispherical marginal tubercles (MTu). Dorsum usually with dark sclerotisation completely of partly fused between ABD TERG 2-4(-6) to form a solid or perforated shield
…..2
–
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation. Cauda pale. Prothorax and ABD TERG 1 and 7
without MTu. Dorsum if with dark markings then these are not fused between
tergites
…..3
2
R IV+V 1.05-1.25 × HT II. Posterior hair on hind trochanter maximally
c. 0.25 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Dorsal shield usually
perforated between tergites
R IV+V 0.8-0.9 × HT II.
Posterior hair on hind trochanter 0.4-0.5 × diameter of trochantro-femoral
suture. Dorsal shield not usually perforated between tergites
Dorsal abdomen with variably developed segmental dark markings,
sometimes absent. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria, and with longest hairs 0.2-0.4 ×
BD III. SIPH entirely black
ANT usually 4-segmented,
0.12-0.15 × BL, with PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes 3-facetted. SIPH absent.
Legs very short, with fore- and mid-tarsi usually 1-segmented. Dorsal wax
glands present on head, thorax and ABD TERG 1-8, comprising facets surrounding
an elongate central area
ANT 5- or 6-segmented,
more than 0.5 × BL, with PT/BASE more than 1. Eyes multifacetted, SIPH
present, tarsi 2-segmented and wax glands not evident
…..2
2
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2× minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
(Apterae of Nasonovia tiarellae
are undescribed, but will be distinguishable from those of A. solani and other polyphagous aphids
by the large thoracic spiracles, R IV+V about 1.8-2.4 × HT II, and ANT PT/BASE
at least 6.)
Dorsum without processes.
ANT 5- or 6-segmented, with PT/BASE more than 1.5
…..2
2
SIPH with a subapical
zone of polygonal reticulation.Apices
of femora and SIPH dark. ANT 1.2-1.6 × BL. Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 are
33-50 mm long. Cauda with 11-19 hairs
SIPH absent or present only as inconspicuous pores (forming leaf-nest galls)
…..2
–
SIPH present either as short truncate cones, large pores on broad hairy cones, or long tubes
…..4
2
Alata from gall with numerous elongate secondary rhinaria on ANT III-V, not in a single row, protruding as sharp transverse ridges so that the outline is serrate (fig. 115A)
Aptera with SIPH mainly dark, about 3 ×
cauda, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation; cuticle of head
smooth; ANT III with 3-10 secondary rhinaria in a row
Secondary
rhinaria on ANT III transversely elongate, with rims not ciliated. Costal
margin of forewing heavily pigmented and RS
present
…..10
10
Forewing with separate fuscous patches at
ends of veins. Hind femur black except
at base. ABD TERG 1-7 with black
marginal as well as pleural pairs of sclerites, and dark SIPH
Forewing with a zig-zag black band joining distal ends of media, Cu1a and Cu1b. Hind femur mainly pale. ABD TERG 1-7 with or without dark markings. SIPH pale
…..11
11
Mesothoracic dorsal lobes each with a
longitudinal dark stripe. Base of
forewing infuscated
…..12
–
Mesothoracic dorsal lobes without longitudinal stripes. Base of forewing clear
…..13
12
R IV+V and SIPH both shorter than HT
II. ANT III with 19-33 secondary
rhinaria
ANT tubercles well developed with smooth divergent inner faces. ANT dark except at base, with ANT PT/BASE 5.9-7.5. SIPH dark except for basal 0.2-0.3 of length, with any subapical polygonal reticulation restricted to much less than 0.1 of length
SIPH 2.5-3.0 × their basal width. Hairs on frons very short and blunt
…..7
7
Posterior hair on hind
trochanter0.24-0.56 (rarely more
than 0.5) × length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8
is 11-38 μm, rarely longer than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently with
paired marginal tubercles (MTu)
Posterior hair on hind trochanter0.42-1.00 (rarely less than 0.5) ×
length of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 25-80
μm, rarely shorter than 30 μm. ABD TERG 7 frequently without any MTu,
and they are rarely paired
SIPH mainly pale, with a
supapical zone of polygonal reticulation
…..9
–
SIPH pale or dark,
without polygonal reticulation
…..10
9
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 38-63 μm, 0.6-1.4 × ANT BD III. Anterior half of subgenital plate
usually (77%) with only 2 hairs (18% with 3, 5% with 4-6 hairs)
This key includes alatae as well as apterae of Carolinaia spp.; couplets 4-21 are based mainly on the key to Carolinaia spp. by Remaudière &
Muñoz Viveros (1992).
1
Very large aphid, BL about 5 mm or more, with very long rostrum about 1.5× BL
SIPH 0.4-0.6 ×
cauda which bears 12-20 hairs. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with
marginal tubercles (MTu). Stridulatory ridges present ventrolaterally on
abdominal sternites 5 and 6, and hind tibia with a row of short, peg-like
hairs
R IV+V not swollen,
straight-sided. Head spiculose ventrally. Cauda as dark as SIPH and bearing 4
hairs
…..14
14
SIPH markedly clavate, 5-6 × longer than max. diameter of swollen
part, and 2.3-2.6 × longer than ANT VI BASE. R IV+V 0.12-0.13 mm long. Spinal
tubercles (STu) absent
SIPH slightly clavate,
c.8 × longer than max. diameter of swollen part, and 3.0-3.5 × longer than ANT
VI BASE. R IV+V 0.09-0.105 mm long. Spinal tubercles (STu) often present on
head and sometimes on ABD TERG 8
(Al.) ANT III with less
than 15 sec. rhinaria, IV with less than 4, V with none
…..17
17
(Al.) Hind wing with 2 oblique veins. ANT
tubercles weakly developed, not projecting forward beyond median frontal
tubercles in dorsal view. Dorsal abdominal patch not extending beyond ABD
TERG 6. Cauda pale with 5 hairs. ANT PT/BASE less than 3, R IV+V c 0.9 × HT
II, SIPH c. 2 × cauda
(Al.) Hind wing with one oblique vein. ANT tubercles extending forward
far beyond middle part of head in dorsal view. Dorsl abdominal patch
extending from ABD TERG 3-7. Cauda as dark as SIPH and bearing 4 hairs. ANT
PT/BASE more than 4, R IV+V c.1.1 × HT II, SIPH
c. 3 × cauda
(Al.) Cuticle of mesosternum granulose.
Femora coarsely imbricated. ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
forward further than the median ocellus