The aphid fauna of
Larix seems to reflect the apparently close relationship between the
tree species in this genus. Host records of the best-known larch-feeding
aphids (Cinara cuneomaculata, C. laricis, Adelges laricis)
show no sign of discrimination between species of Larix, and it seems
possible that the less well-known and less widely distributed aphids would be
equally non-specific in their choice of hosts if given the opportunity. For Adelges
species, it is not possible to provide a complete key in the present state of
knowledge.
Larix cajanderi
Cinara laricis
L. decidua
European Larch
Adelges [abietis], diversis, geniculatus, laricis, segregis, [tardus], viridana, viridis; [Aphis fabae]; Cinara [boerneriana Paŝek 1954 (nomen dubium)], [costata (?- as Lachniella laricina del Guercio 1909)], cuneomaculata, kochiana, laricicola, laricis
Antennae of aptera with at most 3 segments. Antenna of alata 4- or 5-segmented with 3 large primary, but no secondary, rhinaria. Forewing with radial sector absent. Always oviparous, with a distinct, chitinous ovipositor
…..2
–
Antenna of aptera and alata 6-segmented, that of alata with secondary rhinaria. Forewing with radial sector present. Parthenogenetic morphs viviparous
…..5
2
Wax glands of overwintering first instar larva (neosistens) with double walled facets secreting hollow tubes of wax (e.g. fig. 55A). Head and prothorax of alata bearing wax gland areas of granular appearance, with facets not clearer than the surrounding cuticle, or at most with small groups of clear facets on marginal areas of prothorax (fig.55D)
…..3
–
Wax glands of overwintering neosistens either absent or if present then with simple, thin-walled facets secreting solid wax filaments (fig.55B). Head and prothorax of alata with or without wax gland areas bearing numerous facets that are clearer than surrounding cuticle (figs 55E, F)
…..4
3
Wax glands of overwintering first instar larva (neosistens) each with 5-6 triangular double-walled pores
Overwintering first instar larva (neosistens) with dorsal sclerotic plates of head and thorax separate (fig. 55B). Adult aptera (sistens) pyriform, BL 1.8-2.5 mm. Dorsum membranous, with small groups of wax gland facets on all segments (the marginal groups largest) (fig. 55G). Alata of BL 1.8-2.6 mm, with anterior and posterior cephalic wax gland areas united to form a continuous longitudinal swathe of facets on each side of the epicranial suture (fig. 55E). ANT IV and V of alata with minimal width of basal articulation of segment usually less than 0.5 of width of rhinaria
Overwintering neosistens heavily sclerotised, with dorsal sclerotic plates of head and thorax coalesced (fig. 55C). Adult aptera (sistens or progrediens) oval or sub-circular, with paired spinal, pleural and marginal sclerotic plates on thorax and ABD TERG 1-5; these are rounded, convex and wrinkled without wax glands in sistens (spring generation; fig. 55H), but more extensive and with numerous wax gland facets in aestivating (progrediens) generation (fig. 55I). Alata of BL 1.0-1.7 mm, with anterior and posterior cephalic wax gland areas if present usually separate (fig. 55F). ANT IV and V of alata with minimum width of basal articulation of segment usually more than 0.5 of maximum width of rhinaria
SIPH tubular, longer than their basal width. ANT PT/BASE more than 1
…..6
–
SIPH either absent or on broad, hairy, pigmented cones. ANT PT/BASE less than 1
…..7
6
Dorsum pale. Cauda pale. SIPH mainly pale, and swollen on distal half. Antennal hairs very short and inconspicuous, of maximal length less than 0.5 × ANT BD III
Dorsum with dark markings, at least marginally and posterior to SIPH. Cauda dark. SIPH dark, tapering from base to flange. Antennal hairs more than 0.5 × ANT BD III
(This and subsequent couplets apply only to apterous morphs.) ABD TERG 2-6 with at least some hairs arising from dark sclerites of minimum dimension at least 5 times the diameter of the hair base
…..11
–
ABD TERG 2-6 either without hair-bearing sclerites or with hairs on very small, round scleroites of diameter less than 4 times that of hair base
…..15
11
ANT BASE VI with 9-12 hairs. Hair-bearing sclerites on ABD TERG 2-6 numerous rounded, evenly-spaced, and mostly rather uniform-sized (fig. 56A)
ANT BASE VI with 6-8 hairs. Hair-bearing sclerites on ABD TERG 2-6 of irregular shape and varying size and distribution
…..12
12
Hind tibia mainly dark with a short pale section on basal third, of length less than 0.2 of total length of tibia. Hairs on hind tibia maximally 65 µm and hair-bearing sclerites on ABD TERG 2-6 numerous, mostly separate (fig. 56B)
Hind tibia with most of basal half pale, the pale section occupying at least 0.25 of total length of tibia. If the longest hind tibial hairs are less than 65 µm then there are only a few, small sclerites on each of ABD TERG 2-6
…..13
13
R IV+V usually less than 0.7 times longer than HT II. ABD TERG 2-6 each with only a few small flat sclerites, bearing variable but often rather finely pointed hairs which are maximally 40 µm long (fig. 56C)
R IV+V usually more than 0.7 times longer than HT II. ABD TERG 2-6 usually with numerous large sclerites, often confluent between hair bases; the hairs arising from them are often thick and spine-like with raised, conical bases (figs 56D, E)
…..14
14
Dorsal abdominal hairs often with enlarged or blunt, bifurcate or multifurcate apices (fig.56D)
Longest hairs on ABD TERG 3 no more than 1.5 × diameter of ANT III at midpoint
…..17
17
ANT IV shorter than or as short as ANT VI (incl. PT). Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove (see fig. 74A) more than total length of antenna. BL usually less than 3 mm
ANT IV clearly longer than ANT VI (incl. PT). Length of sclerotised part of stylet groove less than total length of antenna. BL often more than 3 mm *only oviparae of C. subterranea have been seen.
One aphid species, Pseudoregma panicola, is recorded from three Lasiacis spp.; L.divaricata, L. grisebachii and L. sorghoidea (or use key to apterae of grass-feeding aphids under Digitaria).
Head black, spiculose, with well-developed, steep-sided ANT tubercles.
SIPH wholly black, cylindrical/tapering. Cauda less than 0.5 × SIPH, with 5-6
hairs
ANT tubercles well developed, projecting forward much further than the weakly developed median frontal tubercle, with inner faces smooth and broadly divergent
…..2
–
ANT tubercles absent or weakly developed, or if well developed then either their inner faces are steep-sided and scabrous or spiculose, or the median frontal tubercle is developed to a similar extent
…..11
2
SIPH somewhat swollen in middle, either entirely black or dusky/dark with black apices
…..3
–
SIPH pale and cylindrical or tapering for most of length
…..7
3
Dorsal abdomen with a segmental pattern of dark spinal, pleural and marginal sclerites. Cauda pale. ANT III with 1-6 small rhinaria near base
Dorsal abdomen without a segmental pattern of dark sclerites. Cauda pale or dark. ANT III with 6-50 somewhat protruberant rhinaria extending onto distal half
…..4
4
Cauda pale or only darker towards apex. Antesiphuncular sclerites pale or absent
…..5
–
Cauda dark brown or black. Large crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present (as in alata)
…..6
5
SIPH 0.67–0.95 × cauda. ANT III with 6–21 secondary rhinaria. ANT PT/BASE 2.7–3.7
Articulation between ANT III and IV blackish. ANT VI BASE 0.25-0.4 mm, 1.8-2.3 × R IV+V. SIPH very attenuate distally, with minimum diameter less than 0.25 × width of cauda at midlength in dorsal view
Articulation between ANT III and IV pale or dusky. ANT VI BASE 0.13-0.2 mm, 1.0-1.5 × R IV+V. SIPH not attenuate distally, with minimum diameter more than 0.25 × width of cauda at midlength in dorsal view
…..10
10
ANT PT/BASE 4.3-6.0, and PT usually 1.6-2.5 × cauda. SIPH rarely less than 1.7 × cauda
Head densely spiculose or nodulose, but ANT tubercles are undeveloped. SIPH with close-set, strongly spiculose imbrication. Cauda helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular, not longer than its basal width in dorsal view
…..12
–
Head smooth or, if densely spinulose or nodulose then with ANT tubercles well developed. SIPH (if present) with normal imbrication. Cauda (if developed at all) tongue- or finger-like, longer than its basal width
…..13
12
Dorsal abdomen without dark sclerites anterior to SIPH
SIPH 0.7-1.0 × cauda. Dorsal abdomen with a variably developed or fragmented black shield that does not extend laterally to unite with marginal sclerites on ABD TERG 1-3
ANT tubercles well developed with smooth, broadly divergent inner faces. ANT III with 1-3 rhinaria near base. ANT III 0.8-1.0 × SIPH, which are long, pale and tapering/cylindrical on distal part, without any polygonal reticulation
SIPH very markedly clavate, so that maximum diameter of swollen part is more than 2 × minimum diameter of stem (Fig. 48a). SIPH 5.3-8.8 × cauda, which bears only 5 hairs
Adult
viviparae apterous or alate. Cauda tongue-shaped, anal plate entire. ANT PT/BASE
more than 1.5. SIPH tubular, tapering or swollen on distal half
…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, but note the possibility that specimens similar to Aphis gossypii but with SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda may be A. punicae.
SIPH long (0.14-0.31 × BL), tubular, and swollen on distal part
…..2
–
SIPH as very short cones, or absent
…..3
2
Head not spiculose ventrally, and without spinal tubercles (STu). ANT tubercles weakly developed. Dorsal cuticle with a regular pattern of spicules arranged in polygons. SIPH 0.14-0.21 × BL
Head spiculose on ventral side, dorsally smooth and with a pair of STu. ANT tubercles are well-developed, with inner faces scabrous. Dorsal cuticle without spicules arranged in polygons. SIPH more than 0.25 × BL
Eyes 3-faceted. SIPH absent. ANT and legs greatly reduced, ANT less than 0.1 × BL. Wax glands present on all segments, each comprising a ring of cells surrounding 1-2 smaller central cells
Eyes multifaceted. SIPH as very short cones. ANT and legs of normal length, e.g. ANT at least 0.2 × BL. No discrete wax glands
…..4
4
Dorsal body hairs thick and spine-like. Tergum sclerotic, with numerous small denticles between hair bases. Cauda short, pale, with a round knob. ANT PT/BASE less than 1.5
Cauda helmet-shaped or triangular, not longer than its basal width
…..5
–
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width
…..8
5
Cauda helmet-shaped, with 4-6 hairs. SIPH smooth, pale, with a subapical annular incision. ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.2. ANT III without rhinaria. Dorsum without dark markings. Spiracular apertures rounded. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
Cauda bluntly triangular, with 6-19 hairs. SIPH imbricated, dark, without a subapical annular incision. ANT PT/BASE 0.8-2.3. ANT III often with rhinaria. Dorsum usually with dark sclerotisation. Spiracular apertures reniform. ABD TERG 1 and 7 with MTu
…..6
6
Cauda with 6-12 hairs. MTu usually present on ABD TERG 2-4 as well as the large ones on 1 and 7
Abdomen with conspicuous, well-developed marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 2-4(-5) as well as on 1 and 7, diameter of MTu on 7 being 1.6-2.9 × ANT BD III
Abdomen either without MTu, or with MTu regularly present either only on ABD TERG 1 and 7 (that on 7 being less than 1.5 × ANT BD III), or only on 2-4(-5), but not both
…..9
9
SIPH dark with an extensive distal zone of polygonal reticulation. ANT mainly dark
…..10
–
SIPH without polygonal reticulation, or with only a few closed cells subapically. ANT mainly pale
First tarsal segments usually with 5 hairs, including a pair of lateral ones. ANT III with 25-97 rhinaria. Cauda with 12-36 hairs. R IV+V 0.84-1.84 × HT II
R IV+V 1.30-1.84 × HT II. ANT PT/BASE 5.1-6.7. ANT III with 25-60 rhinaria. Cauda with 11-24 hairs
…..15
15
ABD TERG 2-4(-5) regularly with well-developed MTu, the diameter of which is usually larger than that of adjacent hair bases. Cauda with (12-) 18-24 hairs
Head cuticle smooth (sometimes with a few spinules ventrally). ANT tubercles well developed with inner faces divergent or almost parallel, and smooth or only slightly scabrous. ANT III with 1-36 rhinaria
…..17
–
Either head is smooth and ANT tubercles are small or undeveloped, or head is markedly spinulose at least ventrally, and inner faces of ANT tubercles are markedly scabrous and parallel or apically convergent. ANT III with 0-3 rhinaria
Thoracic spiracles enlarged, much larger than abdominal spiracles. ANT PT/BASE 7.0-11.4, usually more than 8.0. ANT III with 3-36 rhinaria. Hairs on ANT III 0.7-1.1 × BD III. Dorsum usually with paired dark intersegmental markings
SIPH dark with an extensive zone of polygonal reticulation extending over at least 0.25 of length. ANT III with 15-67 rhinaria distributed over much of its length
…..2
–
SIPH pale or dark, without extensive polygonal reticulation. ANT III with 0 (-10) rhinaria
Dorsal body hairs long and thick, much longer than ANT BD III, and many or all of them with knobbed or expanded apices, and arising from tuberculate bases. SIPH swollen on distal part
…..2
–
Dorsal body hairs mostly shorter than BD III; pointed or blunt, or if with somewhat expanded apices then without tuberculate bases. SIPH swollen, tapering or cylindrical
…..6
2
Longest hairs on ANT III shorter than or about equal to (0.5-1.1 ×) BD III, clearly shorter than hairs on ANT I. R IV+V 1.3-1.6 × HT II, with 6-14 accessory hairs. SIPH 0.20-0.25 × BL, and 3.6-5 × cauda
…..3
–
Longest hairs on ANT III longer than (1.2-2.1 ×) BD III, similar in length to those on ANT I. R IV+V 1.0-1.2 × HT II, with 2-4 accessory hairs. SIPH less than 0.2 × BL, and less than 2.5 × cauda
…..5
3
ANT PT 1.2-1.6 × ANT III, and ANT PT/BASE 6.4-8.8. Longest hair on ANT III 0.9-1.1 × BD III. R IV+V 1.5-1.6 × HT II
ANT PT more than 1.6 × ANT III and ANT PT/BASE 9.0-10.5. Longest hair on ANT III 0.5-0.8 × BD III. R IV+V 1.3-1.5 × HT II
…..4
4
ANT III with 0-3 rhinaria. SIPH more-or-less cylindrical, with hardly any trace of swelling; thinner than hind tibia for most of length. SIPH 2.2-3.1 × cauda
ANT III with 5-19 rhinaria. SIPH with distinctly swollen section on distal part, with maximum diameter 1.2-1.6 × minimum diameter on proximal half, the swollen part distinctly thicker than the hind tibia. SIPH 3.6-5.0 × cauda
…..go to key to polyphagous aphids (but note that specimens keying to A. gossypii might be some other member of the A. frangulae group specific to Lamiaceae)
Head with ANT tubercles well-developed, and median frontal tubercle undeveloped
…..2
–
Head with ANT tubercles low or absent, or if developed then the median frontal tubercle is also well developed, so front of head has a straight, convex or sinuate outline in dorsal view
…..10
2
Head cuticle smooth, ANT tubercles with inner faces divergent
…..3
–
Head cuticle spiculose or nodulose, at least ventrally, ANT tubercles with inner faces almost parallel or apically convergent
…..4
3
SIPH very long and thin, about 3 × cauda, without any subapical reticulation
SIPH pale/dusky, darker at apices, 1.8-2.3 × pale/dusky cauda. Dorsal cuticle not wrinkled, with a distinctive U-shaped mark on abdomen. ANT 0.9-1.3 × BL
SIPH 0.83-1.34 × ANT III. R IV+V 0.9-1.2 × HT II and bearing 2-5 accessory hairs
…..9
9
R IV+V in most specimens with only one pair of lateral accessory hairs (plus 0-3 ventral accessory hairs). ANT PT/BASE 2.8-4.5 (rarely less than 3.25). Value of function cauda/(ANT III × PT) in range 0.80-1.52, but rarely more than 1.25 except in small specimens (those with ANT III less than 0.32 mm)
R IV+V in most specimens with two pairs of lateral accessory hairs. ANT PT/BASE 2.1-3.7 (mostly less than 3.25). Value of function cauda/(ANT III × PT) in range 1.2-2.7 (rarely less than 1.25)
ANT 0.25-0.36 × BL, with ANT PT/BASE 0.9-1.15. SIPH 0.032-0.054 × BL, shorter than R IV+V. Cauda triangular, about as long as its basal width in dorsal view
…..11
–
Without that combination of characters
…..12
11
R IV+V 1.0-1.1 × HT II. ANT 0.30-0.36 × BL. ABD TERG 8 with 12-15 hairs, and posterior margin of subgenital plate with 13-17 hairs
Cauda helmet-shaped (rounded or pentagonal), a little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, and with 4-6 hairs
…..13
–
Cauda (if present) triangular, tongue- or finger-shaped, shorter or longer than its basal width, but if shorter then with 7 or more hairs
…..14
13
Head almost always with a pair of spinal tubercles (STu), and STu often present on ABD TERG 7 and 8. Marginal tubercles (MTu) consistently present on ABD TERG 1-5 and often also on 7. Spiracular apertures reniform
ABD TERG 6-8 with median rugose conical processes, each bearing a pair of short (c. 20μm) club-shaped hairs. SIPH distinctly clavate, with diameter of swollen part c.1.5 × that of stem (Fig.37a)
ABD TERG 6 and 7 without median processes, and if ABD TERG 8 has a projection then SIPH are only very weakly if at all clavate
…..15
15
ANT 6-segmented with ANT III longer than IV + V measured together. SIPH somewhat swollen, either in middle or subapically
…..16
–
ANT 5- or 6-segmented, if 6-segmented then ANT III shorter than IV + V measured together. SIPH (if present) cylindrical or tapering, without any trace of swelling
SIPH longer than cauda, which is elongate triangular or tongue-shaped. Dorsal abdomen without dark markings
…..17
17
ANT tubercles developed, projecting about as far as median tubercle, so that front of head is sinuate in outline in dorsal view. ANT more than 0.5 × BL. ABD TERG 8 without a rugose swelling or conical process
.….18
–
ANT tubercles undeveloped, front of head convex in dorsal view. ANT less than 0.5 × BL. ABD TERG 8 with a rugose medial swelling or conical process (Fig.37b, c)
.….19
18
ANT III + PT together 1.95-2.5 × SIPH (90% of specimens less than 2.4 ×)
ABD TERG 7 and 8 each bearing a pair of long, backwardly directed processes, those on ABD TERG 7 about as long as SIPH, which have a subapical zone of reticulation and a ring of 4-5 hairs with furcate apices
SIPH swollen in middle. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without Mtu
…..3
3
Large, dark marginal sclerites present on all thoracic and abdominal segments, much larger than the spaces between them and including very large ante- and postsiphuncular sclerites
Marginal sclerites pale or dusky and smaller than the spaces between them. Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites usually present, postsiphuncular sclerites small or not evident
…..4
4
SIPH 0.4-0.5 mm long, 0.20-0.25 × BL. ANT PT/BASE 4.8-6.1
Head spiculose, at least on ventral side, with inner faces of ANT tubercles steep-sided, approximately parallel. SIPH not attenuate distally, 2.1-2.5 × cauda
Hind tarsi normal. ANT PT/BASE more than 0.7. SIPH tubular
…..2
2
SIPH dark, at least on distal half, tapering/cylindrical or with flared apices, and with polygonal reticulation on at least distal 0.16 of length
…..3
–
SIPH pale or dark, but if dusky/dark over half of length or more then either without polygonal reticulation or markedly swollen
…..17
3
Cauda tapering from base to apex, triangular, less than 1.7 times longer than its basal width (Fig.5f). ANT tubercles very weakly developed, so that front of head is very shallowly concave in dorsal view
Dorsum with an extensive black shield. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes. R IV+V 0.17-0.24 mm, 1.4-2.0 × HT II. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7-3.4 × cauda
…..20
20
Hairs on ABD TERG 8 are 30-61 µm long. Longest hairs on hind femur 10-25µm long
Triommatidium merged with compound eye, so that there is no distinct ocular tubercle. ANT PT/BASE 1.4-1.7. Dorsal hairs small, club-shaped, or with somewhat expanded apices. SIPH cylindrical for most of length, slightly swollen subapically. R IV+V 0.9-1.0 × HT II with slightly concave sides. Cauda less than 1.5 × its basal width, with 4-5 hairs
Dorsal body hairs long and thick, much longer than ANT BD III, and
many or all of them with knobbed or expanded apices, and arising from
tuberculate bases. ANT PT/BASE 9.0-10.5. SIPH swollen on distal part, more
than 3.5 × cauda
Wax plates divided into
polygonal cells present dorsally on all body segments. Cauda constricted at
about midlength so that distal part is an elongate, parallel-sided knob. Anal
plate bilobed
L. grayana var. oblongifolia (= Eubotryoides grayana)
Aulacorthum vaccinii
Key to apterae on Leucothoe:-
(Check:
all 5 species keyed usually have 1 or more rhinaria on basal part of ANT
III.)
1
SIPH with a subapical zone of reticulation (at least 4-5 rows of rather large closed polygonal cells). Inner faces of ANT tubercles smooth and divergent
…..2
–
SIPH without subapical polygonal reticulation. Inner faces of ANT tubercles spiculose and almost parallel
…..4
2
ANT hairs very short and blunt, maximally only 0.20-0.25 × BD III. SIPH slightly but distinctly swollen on distal half proximal to reticulated part. First tarsal segments with (4-)5 hairs
Use key to apterae on Apium,
which includes all these species, but specimens keying to Hyadaphis foeniculi may be H. passerinii; see key to apterae on Foeniculum for discriminants.
[Cavariella aegopodii (capreae of Theobald 1927: 8)]
L. punctata
Aphis laciniariae; [Pleotrichophorus wasatchii]
L. scariosa
Brachycaudus cardui
L. squarrosa
Aphis craccivora, spiraecola
Key to apterae on Liatris:-
1
Dorsum with extensive black sclerotisation
…..2
–
Dorsum without dark markings
…..3
2
Cauda helmet-shaped, a little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. R IV+V 1.3-1.8 × HT II. SIPH 2.1-3.4 × cauda
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large, domed marginal tubercles (MTu), similar in diameter to SIPH at midlength. SIPH and cauda both pale/dusky. Posterior hair on hind trochanter only 0.2-0.3 × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without MTu; if with MTu then these are much smaller in diameter than SIPH at midlength, SIPH and cauda are not both pale or dusky, and posterior hair on hind trochanter is 0.5 or more × diameter of trochantro-femoral suture
Body elongate oval, sclerotic dorsally, with a crenulate margin due to a continuous fringe of wax glands. Eyes as triommatidia. SIPH as pores with raised rims. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
Body oval or spindle-shaped, without a marginal fringe of wax glands. Eyes multifaceted. SIPH tubular. Cauda helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped, anal plate entire
…..2
2
SIPH with numerous (20-30) long fine hairs on basal 0.7-0.8 of length, similar to the hairs densely clothing the body and appendages
ANT III with 5-17 rhinaria in a row on basal half. Head spinulose dorsally and ventrally with well-developed steep-sided ANT tubercles. ANT PT/BASE 4.9-5.6. R IV+V 1.1-1.3 × HT II. SIPH dusky, cylindrical, without or with indistinct subapical reticulation, 2.9-3.3 × cauda
[Aiceona sp., Laos (Yoshitomi et al. 2014)]; [Prociphilus cheni]
(Note: some records from
the common European privet L. vulgare may be erroneous, due to
misidentification of the planted hedge privet L. ovalifolium.)
Key to species:-
1
SIPH absent, ANT PT/BASE less than 0.25. Thorax and abdomen, and sometimes head also, with well-developed wax pore plates
…..2
–
SIPH present, ANT PT/BASE more than 1. No discrete wax pore plates
…..5
2
Alata (from gall) with front of head projecting forward well beyond antennal bases, and often with a pair of small processes. Fourth instar (from gall) with a pair of much larger, blunt, conical processes
Longest hairs on ANT III more than 3 × basal diameter of segment. SIPH short, truncate, similar in length to the short cauda which bears more than 14 hairs
Longest hairs on ANT III less than 2 × (and usually shorter than) basal diameter of segment. SIPH usually clearly longer than cauda, which bears less than 14 hairs
…..6
6
SIPH conspicuously swollen over about 0.7 of length, and in aptera having basal half pale and distal half dark. Alata with secondary rhinaria on ANT IV and a black dorsal abdominal
SIPH tapering or slightly swollen on distal half, but if swollen then in aptera only dark at extreme apices. Alata without secondary rhinaria on ANT IV, with or without a black dorsal patch
…..7
7
SIPH long, more than 0.2 × BL, and uniformly dark in aptera, much darker than cauda; without any polygonal reticulation
(See Blackman & Eastop
2000 for an illustrated key to common aphids on lilies.)
1
Cauda helmet-shaped, as short as or shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, with 4-6 hairs. Head and ABD TERG 8 (or 7 and 8) usually with spinal tubercles (STu), and marginal tubercles (MTu) on ABD TERG 1-5 (rarely also on 7)
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width, with 4-25 hairs. STu absent from head and only rarely on ABD TERG (7-)8, and MTu only ever consistently present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..2
2
ABD TERG 1 and 7 always with paired MTu. Head with ANT tubercles weakly developed, not or hardly projecting forward beyond middle of head in dorsal view
…..3
–
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu. Head with ANT tubercles moderately or well developed, projecting far beyond middle part of head in dorsal view
…..6
3
Cauda as dark as SIPH, with 6-25 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with some small dark markings on ABD TERG anterior to SIPH, and dark cross-bands on ABD TERG 7 and 8
…..4
–
Cauda paler than SIPH, with 4-9 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without dark markings
…..5
4
Cauda with 11-25 hairs. Hairs on hind femur long and fine, exceeding diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.7-2.1 × BD III. Marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 40-85 μm long
Cauda with 6-9 hairs. Hairs on hind femur all much shorter than diameter of trochantro-femoral suture. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III. Marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are c.12 μm long
Head, ANT, legs, SIPH and cauda entirely black. SIPH very stout, cylindrical on basal part, abruptly narrowing to apex, with some subapical polygonal reticulation
Head, ANT, legs, SIPH and cauda not all entirely black. SIPH either rather thin and tapering or cylindrical, or swollen distally with narrower basal part
…..7
7
Head not spinulose. ANT tubercles with inner faces smooth and divergent
…..8
–
Head with spinules or nodules, at least on ventral side. ANT tubercles with inner faces steep-sided, almost parallel or apically convergent
…..10
8
SIPH pale, without polygonal reticulation. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.3-0.5 × BD III. Median frontal tubercle well-developed. R IV+V 0.6-0.7 × HT II
SIPH pale or dark, with subapical reticulation. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.6-1.0 × BD III. Median frontal tubercle small or undeveloped. R IV+V 0.8-1.1 × HT II
…..9
9
SIPH entirely black, contrasting with pale cauda. ANT III-VI dark, apical parts of femora and basal parts of tibiae black
SIPH 2.7-3.5 × cauda; rather straight-sided, tapering gradually from base to flange, weakly imbricated, usually with some subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsum without dark markings
…..11
–
SIPH 1.8-3.5 × cauda, but if more than 2.6 × cauda then SIPH are either swollen distally or coarsely imbricated and curved, and dorsum has dark markings
(Couplets 4-10 are tentative and may not provide conclusive identification; there are fundamental problems with the taxonomy of Staticobium spp., as discussed in the introduction to that genus.)
1
SIPH usually dark distally and pale basally, with polygonal reticulation extending over distal 0.30-0.55 of length. Dorsal hairs often arising from small dark scleroites
…..2
–
SIPH pale or dark, more uniformly pigmented, if with polygonal reticulation then this extends only 0.13-0.20 of length. Dorsal hairs not arising from small dark scleroites
…..11
2
Dorsal body hairs very small and inconspicuous. Longest hairs on ANT III 0.2-0.3 × BD III
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large, hemispherical marginal tubercles (MTu); length of marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is 0.3-0.4 × basal diameter of adjacent tubercle
ABD TERG 1 and 7 with or without MTu; if with MTu, then they are small, usually papilliform, and marginal hair on ABD TERG 1 is at least 0.6 × basal diameter of adjacent tubercle