Body dorsoventrally flattened, elongate
oval with dorsum wholly sclerotic, with a crenulate margin due to a
continuous ring of wax glands. Eyes
3-facetted, SIPH poriform, cauda knobbed and anal plate bilobed
N.B. All the aphidskeyed belowhave numerous rhinaria on ANT III of
apterae, dorsal hairs arising from small dark scleroites, and dark SIPH with
distal polygonal reticulation.
1
Cauda with a remarkable bipartite structure,
the base being broadly conical, with an abrupt transition to a very thin,
somewhat twisted, hairless distal section (Fig. 7a). Anal
plate with a cauda-like posterior projection
Cauda
finger-like, cylindrical or tapering gradually from base to apex
…..2
2
Antennal tubercules small and gentle, so as to create a shallow frontal groove. SIPH with zone of polygonal reticulation on <0.25 their length. ANT III with 0-1 rhinaria.
Antennal tubercles medium to large, so as to create a discernible frontal groove. SIPH with extensive zone of polygonal reticulation on >0.25 their length. ANT III with variable number of rhinaria, usually >1.
…..3
3
Cauda pale. R IV+V c.0.7 × HT II, and with only 2 accessory hairs
Cauda
dark. R IV+V 1.0-1.3 × HT II, with 7 or more accessory hairs
…..4
4
SIPH 1.0-1.2 × cauda, which has most of
distal half almost parallel-sided or slightly swollen, and a rather abruptly
pointed or rounded apex (Fig.7b). ANT
PT/BASE 2.8-5.1. BL 2.5-3.2 mm
SIPH dusky or dark, more
than 1.8 × cauda. R IV+V 1.3-2.0 × HT II. Dorsal abdomen with variably
developed dark sclerotization
…..6
6
Dorsal abdomen with a solid black shield
extending over the whole of ABD TERG 1-6. Genital plate with 25-42 hairs, of
which 8-17 are on the anterior half. ANT IV usually longer than (0.9-1.5 ×) R
IV+V. Never with spinal tubercles (STu)
Dorsal abdomen usually with less extensive dark sclerotization, if
extensive then genital plate only has 12-32 hairs, of which only 2-5 are on
anterior half, ANT IV is usually
shorter than (0.4-1.1 ×) R IV+V, and STu frequently present on ABD TERG 7
Aphis acuminata, craccivora, Aphis sp. (see Nieto Nafría et al. 2021b); Uroleucon adesmiae
Key to apterae on Adesmia:-
1
ANT PT/BASE 3.2-4.9, and with 2-15 small
secondary rhinaria on ANT III. SIPH with some (often rather indistinct)
subapical polygonal reticulation
…..2
–
ANT PT/BASE 0.9-2.5, and
without secondary rhinaria (except in alatiform specimens). SIPH without any
subapical polygonal reticulation
…..4
2
Antennae
pale exceptfor PT and apical
parts of ANT III-IV BASE. R IV+V with 10-15 accessory hairs. Cauda with 10-15
hairs. Subgenital plate with 2-5 anterior (discal) hairs
Antennae mainly dark
except for basal part of ANT III. R IV+V with 6-10 accessory hairs. Cauda with
17-41 hairs. Subgenital plate with 8-20 anterior (discal) hairs
Dorsum with an extensive
dark or dusky sclerotic patch, not divided into segmental bands, but
sometimes fragmented. SIPH with normal or finely spiculose imbrication
…..10
10
Cauda with 11-22 hairs. Dorsal body hairs
thick, blunt and conspicuous. SIPH with ornamentation of fine spicules
arranged in short rows
Cauda with 4-13 hairs.
Dorsal body hairs fine, blunt or pointed, inconspicuous. SIPH with normal
imbrication
…..11
11
Longest hair on ANT III 0.3-0.8
× BD III. Longest marginal hairs on ABD TERG 3 are 8-15 µm and longest on ABD
TERG 8 are 10-23 µm. Cauda with 4-9 hairs
Body and appendages conspicuously hairy. Primary
rhinaria with naked, sclerotic rims. ANT II elongate, about 2 × ANT I and similar
in length to ANT III. Anus in posterio-dorsal position, with anal plate
enlarged and surrounded on 3 sides by the U-shaped ABD TERG 8
Body and appendages with sparse, short
hairs. Primary rhinaria with ciliated rims. ANT II not elongate, not much
longer than ANT I and much shorter than III. Anus in normal posterio-ventral
position
…..Pemphigussp(p).
3
ABD
TERG 8with a medial process
projecting backward above the cauda
SIPH
very small and flangeless, onlyabout
0.5 × cauda, with aperture slanted towards mid-line of body
…..6
–
SIPH more than 0.75 × cauda
…..8
6
ABD TERG 1-4 usually with a total of at
least 2-4 (range 0-7, mean 3.2) marginal tubercles (MTu), in addition to
those consistently present on ABD TERG
5. Genital plate with a total of 13-21 (mostly 16-19) hairs. (Al. with ANT
PT/BASE 4.0-5.0)
ABD TERG 1-4 usually with
a total of only 0-1 MTu (range 0-7, means 0.3-0.9), in addition to those
consistently present on ABD TERG 5.
Genital plate with a total of 9-17 (-20) hairs. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE
2.4-4.4, but rarely more than 3.9)
…..7
7
Longest hair on ABD TERG 8 is 8-25 μm
(mostly 12-20 μm). Genital plate with 13-20 (mostly 14-17) hairs. ANT
PT/BASE 1.7-2.5. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE 2.4-3.4 and sec. rhin. distributed III
16-23, IV 1-5, V 0-1)
Longest hair on ABD TERG
8 is 15-47 μm (mostly 18-30 μm). Genital plate with 9-20 (but
mostly 11-13) hairs. ANT PT/BASE (1.8-) 2.2-3.2. (Al. with ANT PT/BASE
3.1-3.9 (-4.4) and sec. rhin. distributed III 16-59, IV 2-12 V 0-4)
SIPH cylindrical or
tapering on distal half, usually more that 1.4 × cauda; if shorter, then much
less than 0.1 × BL, and R IV+V 0.95-1.5 × HT II
…..13
13
ANT tubercles well developed, their inner
faces parallel or convergent in dorsal view. SIPH and cauda mainly pale. ABD
TERG 1 and 7 without marginal tubercles (MTu)
…..14
–
ANT tubercles weakly
developed. SIPH and cauda black. ABD TERG 1 and 7
always with MTu
.…15
14
Dorsal abdomen with a pattern of dark
intersegmental ornamentation.ANT
tubercleswith inner faces
convergent in dorsal view. SIPH with a slight “S”-curve
ABD TERG 2-4 with MTu if
present papilliform and with diameter 15-35 μm. SIPH often less than 2 ×
cauda
.…16
16
Dorsal body and appendages with short
hairs; those on ANT III 7-15 μm long, much shorter than BD III. ABD TERG
2-4 often with MTu
….17
–
Dorsal body and appendages
bearing longer hairs; those on ANT III 24-75 μm long, usually as long as
or longer than BD III. ABD TERG 2-4 only sporadically with MTu
…..18
17
ANT III (of apt.) 1.6-2.0 × SIPH, and
bearing rhinaria
ABD TERG 2-4 without spinal hairs (i.e.,
only 2 dorsal hairs per segment, as normal for genus), so that the (pleural)
pair on ABD TERG 4 are about twice as far apart as the spinal pair on ABD
TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 2-5 hairs
ABD
TERG 2-4 with both spinal and pleural hairs (i.e., 4 dorsal hairs per
segment), so that the (spinal) pair on ABD TERG 4 are 1.5 or less times the
distance apart of the spinal pair on ABD TERG 5-7. ABD TERG 8 with 3-11 hairs, usually 5 or
more
SIPH as very short cones, much shorter than
cauda, which has a constriction and a very elongate triangular knob. ANT VI
BASE with several spaced-out rhinaria. R IV+V very short and blunt, about 0.5 × HT II
SIPH tubular, tapering,
as long as or longer than cauda, which has no constriction. R IV+V similar in
length to HT II
…..2
2
SIPH as long as or longer than the distance
between their bases, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal
abdomen often with a broken pattern of dark pigmentation, never with an
unbroken black shield
SIPH shorter than the distance between their bases, and without any
subapical polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdomen either without dark markings
or with an extensive black shield
…..3
3
Dorsal
abdomen with an extensive black shield. Cauda as black as SIPH
ANT longer than body. Femora with basal 0.6 or more of length pale, contrasting with black distal section. SIPH pale basally and dark distally. (Alata with broad-banded wing-veins, and radius fused with media to form a closed cell below the pterostigma
SIPH strongly swollen,
with maximum diameter of swollen part more than 2× minimum diameter of stem,
smooth except for a little subapical polygonal reticulation (Fig.48a). SIPH
5.4-8.2 × cauda
(Both the following species have ANT
tubercles undeveloped, ABD TERG 1 and 7 with large marginal tubercles, pale
SIPH, and R IV+V with 4-8 accessory hairs.)
Body dorsoventrally flattened, subcircular,
wholly sclerotic, with a distinct crenulate margin due to a continuous circle
of wax glands. Underside of head with at least one pair of thick,
dagger-shaped hairs situated lateroventrally to bases of a pair frontal
horns. SIPH pore-like
Body flattened and dorsum sclerotic, with fused
head and pronotum, fused ABD TERG 1-7, and a crenulate rim due to a
continuous marginal row of wax glands. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
ANT 5-segmented, with ANT PT/BASE less than
1. ABD TERG 7 and 8 each with a pair of long hair-bearing processes. SIPH
with a subapical ring of 3-5 hairs
ANT PT/BASE less than 0.5. Eyes of 3 facets. SIPH as raised pores with a
surrounding ring of hairs, cauda semi-circular. Each segment of thorax and
abdomen with a pair of marginal wax pore plates
ANT PT/BASE much greater than 1. Eyes compound. SIPH tubular, cauda
tongue-shaped. No wax pore plates
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly developed. SIPH only about 0.5 × distance between
their bases, and less than 1.5 × cauda. Marginal tubercles (MTu) present on
ABD TERG 1 and 7
….3
–
ANT tubercles well developed, or at least
protruding further than medial part of front of head in dorsal view. SIPH at
least as long as the distance between their bases, and 1.4 or more × cauda.
ABD TERG 1 and 7 without MTu
Hairs on ANT III conspicuous, the longest of them more than 0.5 × BD III. R IV+V more than 1.5 × its basal width, similar in length to or loger than HT II. Tibiae mainly dark
.….9
9
Head pale or dusky. SIPH often paler at extreme bases
ANT tubercles well developed, their inner faces divergent or
convergent
…..2
2
Innerfaces ofANT tubercles clearly divergent. SIPH dark except for pale basal
c.0.3, with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation and a large flange
SIPH dark, with a subapical zone of polygonal
reticulation. Cauda pale. ANT dark, with hairs on III short and blunt, the
longest less than 0.5 × BD III
Abdomen with black marginal sclerites, fused
between segments to form broad black marginal stripes. R IV+V longer than HT
II. Head with minute spicules on ventral side
End of abdomen with backwardly directed
hair-bearing processes. SIPH with a subapical ring of hairs. Antennae
5-segmented with ANT PT/BASE less than 1. R IV+V nearly 2× longer than HT II
End of abdomen without backwardly
directed hair-bearing processes, SIPH without hairs, antennae usually
6-segmented with ANT PT/BASE more than 1, and R IV+V usually much less than
2× HT II
….2
2
ANT tubercles very well developed,
with smooth divergent inner faces. SIPH long, pale, tapering from a
broad base, without supabical reticulation
Key to aphids on Alcea (also Althaea and Lavatera):-
1
Cauda helmet-shaped, not longer than its
basal width in dorsal view. SIPH pale, smooth, short, with an annular
incision proximal to the flange. Spiracular apertures large and rounded
Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its
basal width. SIPH pale or dark, imbricated, without any distinct subapical
annular incision. Spiracular apertures reniform
…..2
2
ANT tubercles weakly
developed, not projecting beyond middle of frons in dorsal view. Marginal
tubercles (MTu) always present at least on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..3
–
ANT tubercles well
developed.MTu absent or present,
but if present they are usually only on ABD TERG 2-4 (-5) and only rarely on
ABD TERG 1 or 7
…..6
3
SIPH wholly dark
…..go to key to polyphagous aphids, starting at couplet 24
–
SIPH pale or dusky, or
only dark towards apices
…..4
4
ANT 5-segmented. R IV+V
very long, narrow and pointed, 4-5 × its basal width and 1.6-2.1 × HT II.
Hairs on ABD TERG 2-4 mostly longer than ANT BD III. Marginal tubercles (MTu)
absent from ABD TERG 2-5
ANT 5- or 6-segmented. R
IV+V less than 2.5 × its basal width and 1.0-1.45 × HT II. Hairs on ABD TERG
2-4 shorter than ANT BD III. MTu often present on ABD TERG 2-5 as well as 1
and 7
…..5
5
Large MTu usually present
(except in summer dwarfs) on ABD TERG 2-5 in addition to those on 1 and 7, those
on 7 being greater in diameter than base of ANT III. SIPH 1.35-2.5 × cauda. R
IV+V 1.1-1.45 × HT II. ANT VI BASE 1.0-1.35 × HT II
MTu only sporadically
present on ABD TERG 2-5, and diameter of tubercle on ABD TERG 7 is less than
that of base of ANT III. SIPH 0.8-1.5 × cauda. R IV+V 0.95-1.2 × HT II. ANT
VI BASE 0.85-1.1 × HT II
ANT,
head, legs (except bases of femora), SIPH and cauda all dark. SIPH with a
distal zone of polygonal reticulation. Dorsal abdominal hairs all arising
from small dark scleroites
ANT tubercles weakly developed, not projecting
beyond middle of head in dorsal view. SIPH dark, tapering, short; similar in
length to the tongue-shaped cauda which is dusky-dark and bears 8-10 hairs.
Dorsum pale
Apterous viviparae present. ANT
PT/BASE more than 1
…..2
– All adult viviparae alate. ANT PT/BASE 0.5 or less. SIPH as truncate cones with appended hairs. Hind femora with a black spot near apex. Cauda knobbed, anal plate bilobed
…..3
2
ANT tubercles well-developed, steep-sided,
with short blunt hairs. ANT III-VI black contrasting with pale ANT I and II.
SIPH thick, especially at base, dark distally with a few rows of
interconnected striae at apex
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of bead-like
nodules arranged in polygons, each polygon enclosing 1 or more additional
nodules. SIPH cylindrical or clavate with a smooth constricted region
proximal to the flange
…..2
–
Dorsal cuticle without a pattern of nodules
arranged in polygons. SIPH tapering/cylindrical, not smooth and constricted
subapically
Cauda with usually less than 20 hairs. Hairs on
ANT III often shorter than diameter of this segment at its base. Thoracic
tergites usually unsclerotised
…..3
3
SIPH less than 1.5 × cauda. Stridulatory
apparatus present
SIPH slightly swollen, but not clavate (without
narrow section on basal half). ANT tubercles absent, or if developed then not
projecting forward beyond middle part of head, so that front of head is
convex, straight or sinuate in dorsal view. ABD TERG 1 and 7 without marginal
tubercles (MTu)
…..2
–
Without this combination
of characters; i.e. if SIPH are
present then they are either tapering or clavate (with narrow section on
basal half), and either ANT
tubercles are well-developed or ABD
TERG 1 and 7 have MTu
..…4
2
ANT III 2.5-3.7 × SIPH.SIPH 0.8-1.0 × cauda, which is broadly triangular and bears 6-9
hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 8-18 hairs.
Dorsal abdomen with paired dark markings
ANT III1.0-1.8
× SIPH. SIPH 1.1-1.6 × cauda which is elongate triangular or tongue-shaped and
bears 4-7 hairs. ABD TERG 8 with 2-7 hairs. Dorsal abdomen with or without
dark markings
Thoracic
spiracular apertures much larger than abdominal ones. ANT PT/BASE 6.5-10.
Dorsum with paired, dark intersegmental markings, far apart between ABD TERG
1-4 but nearer to midline between ABD TERG 4-5 and 5-6
Thoracic spiracular apertures similar in size to abdominal ones, ANT PT/BASE
less than 6.5 and dorsal abdomen without intersegmental markings spaced in
that way
Cauda tongue-shaped, clearly longer than its basal
width. MTu absent or only regularly present on ABD TERG 1 and 7
…..5
5
SIPH cylindrical for most of length, with slight
distal swelling and a smooth, constricted region just proximal to flange.
Dorsal cuticle with a pattern of spicules arranged in polygons, each polygon
enclosing 1-3 central spicules
…..6
–
SIPH tapering with no trace of swelling and no
subapical constriction. Dorsal cuticle without a pattern of spicules arranged
in polygons
…..7
6
ANT usually 5-segmented with longest hairs on ANT
III 3-5 × BD III, and PT conspicuously curved. ABD TERG 8 with 4-8 hairs
Inner faces of ANT tubercles approximately
parallel in dorsal view, or only slightly converging apically
…..11
–
Inner faces of ANT tubercles clearly convergent in
dorsal view
…..12
11
ANT
I and II and distal parts of femora pale. “Stem” of SIPH narrow,
its minimum diameter slightly less than diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint. (Al. with wing
veins not black-bordered)
ANT
I and II and distal parts of femora black. Minimum diameter of
“stem” of SIPH greater than diameter of hind tibia at its midpoint.
(Al. with black-bordered wing veins)
SIPH
with swollen part only lightly imbricated and with apical flange well
developed. (Al. with dark-bordered wing veins, and with a black central
dorsal abdominal patch)
SIPH with swollen part scabrous
(coarsely imbricated), and with apical flange only weakly developed. (Al.
with wing veins not black-bordered, and with separate transverse bars on
abdominal tergites)